三维表面遮盖法结合多平面重建在成人髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术前髋臼评估中的应用

目的 探讨成人髋关节发育不良行全髋关节置换术前应用螺旋CT三维表面遮盖法(surface shadeddisplay,SSD)结合多平面重建(multiplanar reconstruction,MPR),评估髋臼形态的方法及临床应用价值.方法 2003年10月-2006年11月,对17例19髋拟行全髋关节置换术的成人髋关节发育不良伴骨性关节炎的患者进行螺旋CT扫描.男3例,女14例;年龄35～61岁.双侧2例,单侧15例.Crowe Ⅰ型4髋,Ⅱ型9髋,Ⅲ型6髋.对扫描获取的原始髋关节图像应用SSD结合MPR技术,观察髋臼的空间位置和髋臼壁骨贮备情况.结果 患髋脱位程度按照Crowe等的方法测量为25%～89%,Sharp角均>45°.患侧髋臼均存在不同程度骨缺损,5髋位于髋臼前上方,11髋位于髋臼外上方,3髋位于髋臼后上方.MPR冠状面和轴面成像示髋臼内侧壁最薄处的厚度为2.0～10.9 mm.15例单侧脱位患者患侧与健侧髋臼比较,髋臼开口相差2.7～19.1 mm,深度相差2.3～13.1 mm.结论 螺旋CT的SSD结合MPR技术是评估髋臼形态学的有效手段,对成人髋关节发育不良行全髋关节置换术中的髋臼重建具有重要指导意义.     

有限高位髋关节旋转中心数学模型的推导

目的建立国人有限高位髋关节旋转中心的数学模型，进一步了解髋中心高位放置以后的生物力学变化，探寻降低髋关节应力的途径，并作出定量描述。方法在正常髋关节数学模型的基础上，将髋关节旋转中心H点上方向内、外各2cm，向上5cm的区域进行节点的划分。结果在髋中心垂直上移5cm以内（包括5cm），男女两性外展肌力和髋关节接触力的值都随髋中心的垂直上升而逐渐升高。在3cm以内髋中心升高的幅度远远小于3cm以上升高的幅度。髋中心升高同样的高度，对女性外展肌力和髋关节接触力的影响更大。髋中心以与垂线外展10°的方向上移5cm以内（包括5cm），男女两性外展肌力和髋关节接触力的值都随髋中心向外上方向上升而逐渐升高。升高相同高度时，外上方向上升是垂直方向上升的两倍。男女两性保持髋关节接触力不变时髋中心向上内移动的轨迹，在纵向变化5cm的范围之内时，横向不超过1．6cm，在纵向变化3cm的范围之内时，横向不超过1．0cm。男女两性保持髋关节接触力不变，保持大转子的位置不变时，髋中心高度升高3cm，颈干角角度变化男性不超过17°，女性不超过10°；颈长变化男性不超过2．7cm，女性不超过2．9cm°升高5cm时，颈干角角度变化男性不超过23°，女性不超过14°；颈长变化男性不超过4．6cm，女性不超过4．9cm。总的趋势是男性以角度变化为主，女性以颈长变化为主。保持外展肌力不变，髋中心垂直上移时，男女两性重心的摆动幅度逐渐增加。上升同样的高度女性摆动幅度大于男性。升高到3cm时，男性摇摆幅度大约7°，女性大约9°。结论本项研究所建立的国人有限高位髋中心数学模型，可以比较精确地模拟髋中心高位放置以后的生物力学变化。模拟显示髋中心上内放置，再通过增加颈长或改变颈干角以补偿外展肌的长度并保持偏心距，在升高不超过3cm的范围内，可以避免因外展肌力改变导致的髋臼接触力的升高。     

髋臼重建手术在儿童髋关节病理性脱位的应用

目的总结髋臼重建手术在儿童髋关节病理性脱位中的应用及临床疗效。方法 2006年1月-2011年1月,共收治59例(59髋)儿童髋关节病理性脱位,采用髋关节切开复位联合髋臼重建手术治疗。男22例,女37例;年龄1～15岁,平均4.9岁。化脓性髋关节炎后遗病理性脱位33例,髋关节结核26例;病程1个月～10年。髋关节半脱位9例,髋关节全脱位50例。术前Harris髋关节功能评分为43～78分,平均61分。14例髋臼指数基本正常,32例轻度增大,13例明显增大。合并髋臼破坏28例;股骨头缺血性坏死25例,股骨头部分缺失12例,股骨头完全缺失6例,股骨头颈同时缺失3例;前倾角增大25例;髋内翻畸形9例。结果术后即刻摄X线片示所有髋关节均达中心性复位。55例切口Ⅰ期愈合,4例切口延期愈合。53例获随访,随访时间2～5年,平均3年。随访期间无髋关节再脱位。38例髋臼指数基本正常,15例轻度增大。前倾角15～25°,平均20°;颈干角110～140°,平均125°,头颈解剖关系基本恢复正常。术后2年髋关节活动度完全恢复正常18例,屈曲及旋转轻度受限30例,纤维强直5例;Harris髋关节功能评分为62～95分,平均87分。结论儿童髋关节病理性脱位常合并严重的髋臼及股骨头颈部骨质破坏及后遗畸形,治疗上应严格遵循个体化原则,根据患髋主要病理改变选择适当的髋臼重建术式,并结合股骨头颈重建处理,可获得满意疗效。     

综合矫治麻痹性髋关节失稳42例

目的 探讨综合性矫治手术治疗麻痹性髋关节失稳的效果。方法 术前、术后摄X线片测量髋臼深度、倾斜度、股骨头包容程度及前倾角、颈干角；并根据病理改变分类，选择手术，轻度采用骨盆截骨延长术，中度采用骨盆截骨延长加盖成形术，重度采用髂骨截骨及股骨转子间截骨联合手术。骨性手术同时辅以骶棘肌代臀肌或腹外斜肌代臀中肌的肌力重建。结果 42例经21～43个月随访，X线片示全部骨性愈合，术前术后髋臼深度和髋臼角变化有显著性差异，髋关节稳定，髋部有力。结论 根据X线片测量并按病理改变分类选择手术方法，在综合性矫治术中骨性与肌性手术同时施行是可行的。     

髋臼位相参数的测定方法及临床意义

目的探讨在髋关节正位X线片测量骨性髋臼前倾角、外展角的方法及对全髋关节置换手术(THR)中髋臼精确安置的指导意义.方法通过20具(40髋)骨盆标本髋关节正位X线片髋臼前倾角、外展角的测算值与骨盆标本髋臼前倾角、外展角的实际值相比较,以证明该测算方法的准确性.结果骨盆标本髋关节正位X线片测算的髋臼前倾角、外展角数值与实际值比较,其差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论在髋关节正位X线片上测算髋臼前倾角、外展角的方法是准确客观的,该方法简单易行,从而使THR术中髋臼假体的安置更加精确.     

结构性植骨全髋关节置换在成人高位先天性髋关节脱位中的应用

[目的]探讨结构性植骨全髋关节置换治疗成人高位先天性髋关节脱位的临床疗效。[方法]2003年8月～2006年10月,采用结构性植骨全髋置换治疗成人高位先髋脱位22例,29髋。男10例,女12例。左13例,右16例,年龄平均34.6岁(23～42岁)。临床症状主要为患髋疼痛、不稳定和跛行。术前Harris评分平均为46.8分,双下肢长度差异平均为3.8cm,股骨头脱位高度平均为3.9cm,髋关节平均活动度:屈曲66.5°,外展23.8°,外旋20.4°,内旋5.3°。术中臼杯均安装于真臼处,自体股骨头结构性植骨使臼杯完全覆盖,充分软组织松解后髋关节复位。髋臼侧选用骨水泥假体18髋、小髋臼生物型假体5髋和普通生物型髋臼6髋;股骨侧选用生物型假体10髋、普通骨水泥假体13髋、窄直柄水泥假体柄4髋和长柄骨水泥假体柄2髋。观察手术时间、出血量、关节活动度、双下肢长度差异、并发症等并进行Harris关节功能评分。[结果]本组平均手术时间95min(70～135min),出血400ml(300～650ml);伤口均一期愈合,无1例感染;术后1周X线片示假体位置良好,人工髋臼外展角平均为48.6°,前倾角平均13.2°。本组22例均获随访,随访时间平均17.6个月(10～47个月),Harris评分平均89.2分(72～93分);髋关节平均活动度:屈曲115.3°,外展44.6°,外旋49.5°,内旋26.8°。双下肢长度差异平均1.2cm,2例术后股神经麻痹,术后4个月内恢复。随访期间未见明显植骨块吸收、假体松动和脱位。[结论]结构性植骨全髋关节置换是治疗成人高位先天性髋关节脱位的一种有效方法,很大程度地改善了患者的症状、功能和外形。结构性植骨可提供良好的髋臼覆盖,恢复髋关节旋转中心高度并可保留骨盆骨量。脱位高度小于4cm经软组织充分松解后能下拉复位,不会造成股神经及坐骨神经永久性麻痹。     

青壮年先天性髋关节发育不良影像学分析及截骨重建手术规律

目的对青壮年先天性髋关节发育不良(DDH)进行影像学分析,揭示其截骨重建手术规律。方法 27例(27髋)DDH行髋部截骨重建,术前依据X线、CT片着重分析髋臼、股骨头外形、股骨头骨质质量及髋关节重建关键点。结果髋关节发育不良表现为髋臼变形,股骨头正常;不完全脱位表现为股骨头、髋臼重度变形;低位脱位表现为髋臼浅、髋臼壁不全,股骨头伴髋臼变形并生成头赘;高位脱位表现为代偿骨赘形成臼顶、髋臼壁残缺;股骨头与髋臼对应面平直,宽大裸区骨质萎缩。结论髋关节发育不良者应行髋臼截骨,恢复原有髋关节;髋关节脱位应采用联合截骨,重建有效髋关节。     

大龄难治性发育性髋关节脱位的联合手术治疗

目的探讨大龄儿童发育性髋关节脱位的手术方法及临床效果。方法对16例7～16岁大龄发育性髋关节脱位患儿(18髋)采用"切开复位+股骨转子下缩短旋转截骨+骨盆内移旋转截骨+髋臼成形"的联合手术治疗。结果术后2个月摄片复查髋关节复位位置好,股骨头及髋臼形态基本正常。骨盆截骨植入骨块及股骨缩短旋转截骨断端已骨性愈合。髋臼骨质与周围骨质密度基本一致,无坏死征象。患儿均获随访,时间1～7年。按疗效评定标准:优11髋,良6髋,差1髋。结论联合手术是治疗大龄发育性髋关节脱位较有效的方法。     

全髋关节表面置换术治疗髋关节发育不良并发骨关节炎的初步体会

目的探讨全髋关节表面置换术(THRA)治疗髋关节发育不良(DDH)并发骨关节炎的可行性及注意事项。方法自2006～2009年,本组完成20例(23髋)THRA,其中DDH并发骨关节炎共11例(13髋),男4例(4髋),女7例(9髋);左髋5例次,右髋8例次;年龄平均(43.0±11.6)岁;术前Harris评分平均(56.9±17.8)分。按照KarlPerner法分度,13髋中Ⅰ度发育不良7髋,Ⅱ度发育不良3髋,Ⅲ度发育不良3髋。按照Hartofilakids法分度,Ⅰ度11髋,Ⅱ度2髋。采用金属对金属表面置换假体,股骨侧骨水泥固定、髋臼侧生物型固定。结果患者获得近期随访(0.5～2年),出院时及末次随访时间Harris评分同术前比较差异具有统计学意义。术前髋臼角(Sharp角)33.8～56.4°,平均(47.7±6.5)°;头颈比例1.29～1.64,平均(1.47±0.11);颈干角126.7～162.2°,平均(141.2±9.7)°;CE角-7.5～28.8°,平均(12.3±12.3)°。术后臼杯外展角22.4～69.3°,平均(46.8±12.9)°;假体柄干角126.8～159.1°,平均(143.0±9.2)°。髋臼假体完全被骨床覆盖6髋,外上缘外露小于0.5cm的2髋,外上缘外露超过0.5cm的5髋。1例患者术后2年随访时发现髋臼松动。结论对DDH并发骨关节炎的患者实施THRA,会面临头臼假体无法良好匹配、异常头颈比和异常颈干角等问题,加之患者髋臼表浅及髋臼角过大,容易导致术后假体位置不良,所以DDH导致的骨关节炎并非THRA的良好适应证。     

成人常见髋关节疾病双侧髋关节解剖参数的研究

目的探讨行全髋关节置换术中利用对侧相对正常髋关节的解剖参数作为模板重建患侧髋关节的准确性。 方法选取2019年9月至2020年12月于大连医科大学附属第一医院关节外科行首次单侧全髋关节置换术的患者作为研究对象。纳入标准：患侧诊断为髋关节骨关节炎、股骨头坏死或髋关节发育不良Crowe Ⅰ型；对侧髋关节形态不影响测量。排除标准：患侧髋关节既往手术史；畸形严重影响测量；髋关节发育不良Crowe Ⅱ型及以上。最后共纳入82例患者，其中33例男性，49例女性，年龄范围29~74岁。根据患者X线及CT影像数据，分别测量患者患侧及对侧髋臼前倾角、髋臼外展角、股骨前倾角、颈干角以及股骨偏心距，并计算其各自的联合前倾角。运用t检验、Pearson相关性分析等统计学方法分析双侧髋关节解剖参数的对称性。 结果对股骨头坏死及髋关节骨关节炎患者来说，除双侧股骨偏心距患侧小于对侧外(t＝0.523，P <0.05)，余双侧髋关节解剖参数包括髋臼前倾角、髋臼外展角、股骨前倾角、联合前倾角及颈干角的差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示股骨头坏死及骨关节炎患者股骨偏心距的不对称性与颈干角有相关性(r＝-0.519，P<0.001)，颈干角的不对称性与股骨前倾角(r＝0.303，P＝0.041)以及股骨偏心距有相关性，联合前倾角的不对称性与髋臼外展角(r＝0.311，P＝0.035)、颈干角(r＝0.049，P＝0.032)有相关性。Crowe Ⅰ型髋关节发育不良患者的髋臼前倾角(t＝2.081，P＝0.045)、股骨偏心距(t＝3.934，P<0.001)患侧小于对侧，颈干角患侧大于对侧(t＝3.792，P＝0.001)；而双侧髋臼外展角、股骨前倾角、联合前倾角差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。Pearson相关性分析发现股骨偏心距的不对称性与颈干角(r＝-0.709，P<0.001)、股骨前倾角(r＝-0.349，P＝0.037)有相关性。Crowe Ⅰ型髋关节发育不良患者的股骨偏心距小于股骨头坏死患者或髋关节骨关节炎患者，而髋臼前倾角、髋臼外展角、颈干角大于后者。 结论对于股骨头坏死患者及髋关节骨关节炎患者来说利用对侧肢体作为模板重建患侧髋关节是可行的。而Crowe Ⅰ型髋关节发育不良患者双侧髋关节解剖形态差异较大，对这类患者的全髋关节置换术需个体化。     

全髋关节表面置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良中假体的安放技术和临床疗效分析

目的探讨全髋关节表面置换术治疗髋关节发育不良（DDH）术中假体安放位置的控制和临床效果。方法2005年1月至2007年9月，对42例45髋因DDH继发骨关节炎的患者行全髋关节表面置换术。其中女39例，男3例，平均年龄46．3岁，单侧39例39髋，双侧3例6髋。按Crowe分型，Ⅰ型17例18髋，Ⅱ型17例19髋，Ⅲ型6例6髋，Ⅳ型2例2髋。术前通过CT三维重建测量股骨颈干角、股骨颈前倾角。入路采用改良后外侧Gibson入路，根据术前测量结果，对于颈干角小于135°，手术时适当增加至135°，大于135°则维持原有角度；DDH患者股骨前倾角均有增加，术中应适当减少，并减少髋臼前倾角和外展角。采用X线检查和Harris功能评分评估术后疗效。结果术前股骨颈干角平均134．1°，术后平均138.2°，其中术前颈干角小于135°的34髋，平均131．7°，术后平均137°；术前颈干角大于135°的12髋，平均140.9°，术后平均141．5°。股骨前倾角术前平均34．5°。术后X线显示所有髋臼均为真臼重建，髋臼外展角平均42°。双侧肢体长度差别术前平均2.1cm，术后平均0．5cm。平均随访14．6个月。Harris功能评分术前平均43．6分，最后一次随访功能评分为平均88．4分。随访期内无股骨颈骨折和假体松动等并发症发生。结论对年青DDH并骨关节炎患者采用髋关节表面置换术的近期效果满意，术中根据个体情况调整假体安放位置有助于提高临床效果。     

A comparative radiographic morphometric analysis to assess the normal radiological morphology of the adult hip in indian population

ObjectiveOur objective is to analyze the normal radiological morphologic parameters of the adult hip joint of the Indian population and compare it with standard measurements and with other populations to assess the variations.MethodsA prospective analysis of the normal pelvis X-rays of 800 persons (1600 hips) was done. We have calculated the acetabular inclination, acetabular index, lateral center edge angle (LCEA) and neck-shaft angle (NSA), sphericity of the femoral head, congruity of the joint, version of the acetabulum, depth of acetabulum, and lateralization of the femoral head in normal X-rays of the pelvis in adult persons. We used RadiAnt DICOM viewer version 4.6.5.18450 (64bit) for measurement. Statistical analysis and mean values were calculated using SPSS software.ResultsThere were 978 X-rays of the male hip and 622 female. The acetabular inclination varied from 1 to 9. The mean acetabular index was 26.5. The LCEA was between 20 and 50. The mean neck-shaft angle was 133. There were 35, hips with an aspherical head. 94.2% X-rays the hip joint was congruent. There was 2.9% of the retroversion of acetabulum, 3.3% lateralization.ConclusionMost of the parameters were comparable to standard values the acetabular index was lower. LCEA and NSA were higher. The acetabular angle was lower. There were femoral head asphericity, joint incongruity, and lateralization of the femoral head in a small proportion of our general population.     

髋臼旋转截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良

目的探讨髋臼旋转截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良的疗效。方法应用髋臼旋转截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良16例（18髋）,截骨线距臼周缘2 cm,做穹隆状截骨,凿断后再用弧度骨凿将髋臼向前外下方旋转。髋臼矫正到较正常位置后,截骨间隙呈楔形状,用类似间隙大小的楔形同种异体骨块嵌入,并用可注射状人工骨填满间隙,最后用2枚可吸收螺钉固定。测定并比较术前和术后JOA评分、CE角和Sharp角。结果16例均获随访,时间442个月。术后摄片髋关节复位位置好,股骨头及髋臼形状基本正常。髋臼旋转截骨及植入骨块2个月后骨性愈合,6个月后髋关节功能恢复正常17髋,较差1髋,无患髋的骨性关节炎病变继续恶化。JOA评分：术前为75.2分±3.1分,术后为93.5分±3.5分;CE角：术前为15.8°±1.3°,术后为33.4°±1.7°;Sharp角：术前为47.3°±2.5°,术后为29.8°±2.1°。JOA评分术后增加18.3分;CE角增加17.6°,Sharp角减少17.5°,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论髋臼旋转截骨术可矫正头臼间异常的匹配关系,使疼痛得到缓解,并使骨性关节炎的过程得到有效遏制,是治疗髋臼发育不良合并早、中期骨性关节炎的理想术式。     

Periazetabuläre Osteotomie zur Behandlung der Hüftgelenkdysplasie unter Verwendung eines ilioinguinalen Zugangs

Objective

Three-dimensional osteotomy around the acetabulum in order to restore coverage of the femoral head without compromising pelvic stability and to alleviate pain.

Indications

Painful hip dysplasia in young patients with poor coverage of the femoral head.

Contraindications

Open epiphyseal plates. Lack of congruency between femoral head and acetabulum. Advanced osteoarthritis. Flexion < 90°.

Surgical Technique

Ilioinguinal incision according to Letournel. Three osteotomies. First osteotomy: superior pubic ramus. Second osteotomy, first step: iliac cut from midpoint between anterior superior and anterior inferior iliac spine to 1 cm above the pelvic brim; second step: iliac cut at an angle of 110–120° to first step aiming at the ischial spine 4 cm below the pelvic brim. Third osteotomy, first step: anterior ischial osteotomy beneath the acetabulum; second step: ischial osteotomy from the lower end of the second osteotomy (second step) to the already created anterior ischial osteotomy. The orientation of the acetabulum is changed to the desired position with help of a Schanz screw, temporary fixation with Kirschner wires. Image intensifier control. Fixation of fragment with three 3.5-mm cortical screws.

Results

From 1994 until 2001, 32 periacetabular osteotomies in 31 patients were performed. 28 patients had a follow-up for ≥ 1 year. 27 of 28 patients were satisfied at follow-up. The unsatisfied patient suffered from severe pain due to a partial lesion of the sciatic nerve. One hip has been converted to total hip arthroplasty 7 years later. No intraoperative injury to large vessels, no thromboembolic complication. No accidental osteotomy into the hip.     

Acetabular and proximal femoral alignment in patients with osteoarthritis of the dysplastic hip and its influence on the progression of disease

In order to evaluate the relationship between acetabular and proximal femoral alignment in the initiation and evolution of osteoarthritis of the dysplastic hip, the acetabular and femoral angles were calculated geometrically from radiographs of 62 patients with pre-arthrosis and early osteoarthritis. The sum of the lateral opening angle of the acetabulum and the neck-shaft angle was defined as the lateral instability index (LII), and the sum of the anterior opening angle of the acetabulum and the anteversion angle of the femoral neck as the anterior instability index (AII). These two indices were compared in dysplastic and unaffected hips. A total of 22 unilateral hips with pre-arthrosis were followed for at least 15 years to determine whether the two indices were associated with the progression of osteoarthritis. The LII of the affected hips (197.4 (sd 6.0)) was significantly greater than that of the unaffected hips (1830 (sd 6.9)). A follow-up study of 22 hips with pre-arthrosis showed that only the LII was associated with progression of the disease, and an LII of 196 was the threshold value for this progression.     

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis. A quantitative analysis of motion, gait, and femoral remodeling after in situ fixation

A prospective clinical study was done for quantitative examination of motion of the hip, gait, and proximal femoral remodeling after in situ fixation of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis. In situ fixation was performed in forty-five consecutively treated patients (fifty-six hips). Thirty-nine (87 per cent) of the patients returned for examination two years after treatment. The greatest percentage of motion of the hip returned within six months after treatment. Despite loss of internal rotation of the hip, the mean foot-progression angle was 10.8 degrees. Radiography and computerized tomographic scanning revealed minimum change in the relationship of the femoral head to the femoral shaft and no change in the neck-shaft angle. Motion returned despite minimum osseous remodeling. The early return of motion (in the first three months) may have been due to relief of pain, spasm, and synovitis, while soft-tissue stretching and resorption of bone in the anterolateral part of the femoral neck may have accounted for the remainder of the increase in internal rotation.     

Chiari骨盆截骨术的生物力学基础及临床应用（附36例报告）

本文报告应用Ｃｈｉａｒｉ骨盆截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良、扁平髋等３６例４１个髋。３２个髋平均随防４年４个月。优良者２７个髋，占８４．３７％。术后Ｘ线片显示，截骨均获骨性愈合，髋臼对头覆盖完全，头臼相称。髋臼发育不良者，ＣＥ角平均增加２０°。作者分析此术式后认为：Ｃｈｉａｒｉ手术能增加髋臼面积，减少股骨头单位压强，截骨内移后能增加肌力臂，减少重力臂，从而减少髋关节的载荷，降低关节内压及髂骨髋内压，有利于缓解“休息痛”。为此提出成人先天性髋臼发育不良、扁平髋、股骨头无菌坏死以及髋的骨关节炎病人适合行此手术。     

Radiological determination of the anatomic hip centre from pelvic landmarks

There are various methods to locate the rotation centre of the hip joint on standard pelvic radiographs. When the geometry of both femoral heads is abnormal, a number of methods are available to locate the physiological hip centre from anatomical landmarks on pelvic radiographs. The accuracy and reliability of six methods were retrospectively investigated on 115 standard pelvic radiographs of both hips of healthy individuals. As a reference against the hip joint centre predicted by these methods, we used the true anatomical centre of the femoral head. Measurements were normalized in relation to pelvic height. The calculated hip rotation centre most closely approached the true anatomical centre of the femoral head when the acetabular teardrop was used as a landmark.     

Location of intrapelvic vessels around the acetabulum assessed by three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography: prevention of vascular-related complications in total hip arthroplasty

BackgroundDuring total hip arthroplasty (THA), the external iliac, femoral, and obturator vessels are at risk of vascular injury when penetrating the inner cortex of the pelvis. The purpose of this study was to clarify the location of these vessels using three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (3DCT-A).MethodsWe enrolled 100 subjects (200 hips) without hip disease and performed examinations on the following. (1) External iliac–femoral vessels: we measured the shortest distance from these vessels to the pelvis on axial CT images and investigated the factors affecting distance. The anatomical course of the iliac artery was classified as straight, curved, or tortuous, and the correlation between course and age was established. (2) Obturator vessels: we measured the shortest distance from the obturator vessels to the quadrilateral surface on axial CT images. (3) Visualization of pelvic vessels was through the pelvis by dual-phase 3DCT-A.Results(1) The external iliac vein was located significantly closer to the pelvis than the artery, especially on the left side and in aged and female subjects. The single-curved and tortuous double-curved vessel types were found in aged subjects, and external iliac vessels of these types were closer to the pelvis than vessels of the straight type. In 36 subjects, the external iliac veins lay directly on the osseous surface of the pelvis (right 16, left 36). Of these 36 subjects, only one had straight-type vessels. (2) Obturator vessels were located just behind the acetabulum near the obturator foramen. (3) Reconstructed 3DCT images enabled us to visualize the pelvic vessels and demonstrated the danger area for penetrating the inner cortex of the pelvis.ConclusionUnderstanding the anatomical orientation of the pelvic vessels around the acetabulum using 3DCT-A could be helpful for preventing vascular injury during THA.