不同吸入时间对成年大鼠七氟烷最低肺泡有效浓度的影响

目的:评价吸入时间对成年大鼠七氟烷最低肺泡有效浓度(MAC)的影响。方法:SPF级健康成年SD大鼠200只,8~10周龄,体重200~260 g,雌雄各半,采用随机数字表法分为2组( n＝100)：七氟烷吸入1 h组和20 min组,每组再分为10个亚组( n＝10),预设起始浓度为1.50%,...     

七氟烷最低肺泡有效浓度和异丙酚意识消失半数有效浓度麻醉下患者BIS值的比较

目的 比较七氟烷最低肺泡有效浓度(MAC)和异丙酚意识消失半数有效浓度(EC50)麻醉下患者的脑电双频谱指数(BIS)值.方法 择期手术患者60例,年龄18～60岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,体重为标准体重的80％～120％.采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为七氟烷吸入麻醉组(Sev组)和异丙酚静脉麻醉组(Pro组),每组30例.Sev组采用Datex-Ohmeda麻醉机气体监测仪监测呼气末七氟烷浓度.静脉注射依托咪酯0.3 mg/kg、罗库溴铵1 mg/kg、瑞芬太尼0.2μg/kg诱导气管插管后行机械通气,12.5 min后Pro组TC1异丙酚,设置血浆靶浓度3.8 μg/ml,当效应室浓度达到异丙酚意识消失EC50 (2.2 μg/ml)、1.3 EC50(2.86μg/ml)、1.5 EC50(3.3μg/ml),呼气七氟烷浓度达到1.0 MAC、1.3 MAC、1.5 MAC时记录BIS值、MAP和HR.结果 与Sev组比较,Pro组1.3 MAC或1.3 EC50和1.5 MAC或1.5 EC50时HR升高(P＜0.05),各时点MAP差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与1.0 MAC或EC50时比较,2组1.3 MAC或1.3 EC50和1.5 MAC或1.5 EC50时BIS值降低(P＜0.05).组间比较各时点BIS值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 七氟烷1.0、1.3、1.5 MAC和异丙酚1.0、1.3、1.5 EC50麻醉下BIS值无差别.     

不同血浆靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患儿吸入七氟烷诱导气管插管最低肺泡有效浓度的影响

目的 评价不同血浆靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患儿吸入七氟烷诱导气管插管最低肺泡有效浓度(MAC)的影响.方法 择期全麻患儿126例,年龄3～8岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为4组,对照组(C组,n=30);R1组(n=30)、R2组(n=30)和R3组(n=36)瑞芬太尼血浆靶浓度分别为1、2、3 ng/ml.均吸入5%七氟烷行麻醉诱导,睫毛反射消失后鼻腔置入导管连接气体分析仪,建立静脉通路,注射阿托品0.01 mg/kg,R1-3 组靶控输注瑞芬太尼.C组注射阿托品、R1-3组瑞芬太尼血浆浓度与效应室浓度达平衡后,采用改良序贯法进行试验,初始呼气末七氟烷浓度均为3.0%,相邻浓度比值为1.2,七氟烷呼气末浓度达到预定值并维持10 min后行气管插管.气管插管条件满意的标准:气管插管条件评分为6分.计算每组七氟烷MAC,并观察不良反应的发生情况.结果 C组、R1-3组患儿吸入七氟烷诱导气管插管的MAC分别为5%、3%、2%、1%,依次降低(P<0.01);所有患儿均无心动过缓、低血压等发生,R2组3例、R3组8例患儿因下颌松弛度差致喉镜无法置人或声门关闭,静脉注射罗库溴铵完成气管插管.结论 瑞芬太尼1 ng/ml可降低患儿吸入七氟烷诱导气管插管的最低肺泡有效浓度,且不良反应少.     

不同剂量右美托咪啶对七氟醚抑制切皮诱发患者体动反应肺泡气最低有效浓度的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量右美托咪啶对七氟醚抑制切皮诱发患者体动反应肺泡气最低有效浓度(MAC)的影响.方法 择期拟在全麻下行下腹部手术患者,性别不限,年龄18～64岁,体重指数21 ～ 27 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为4组:对照组(C组)和不同剂量右美托咪啶组(D1组、D2组和D3组).麻醉诱导前静脉输注右美托咪啶(生理盐水稀释至15 ml)0.2μg/kg(D1组)、0.4 μg/kg(D2组)、0.6μg/kg(D3组)或生理盐水15 ml(C组),30 min内输注完毕.4组均采用吸入七氟醚麻醉诱导,气管插管后行机械通气.采用序贯法确定麻醉维持期间呼气末七氟醚浓度.C组、D1组、D2组及D3组第1例患者呼气末七氟醚浓度分别设定为3.0％、3.0％、2.5％和2.0％,预定呼气末七氟醚浓度稳定15 min时进行切皮.评估患者切皮时体动反应,当发生体动反应时,上调一个浓度梯度,否则下调一个浓度梯度,相邻浓度比值为0.9,根据前一例患者是否发生体动反应确定下一例患者呼气末七氟醚浓度,直至每组出现第7个交叉点.以各交叉点呼气末七氟醚浓度的均数作为MAC值,并计算95％可信区间 (CI).结果 C组、D1组、D2组和D3组入选病例分别18、20、20、22例;C组、D1组、D2组和D3组七氟醚MAC值(95％CI)分别为2.5％(2.3％～2.8％)、1.5％(1.3％～1.7％)、1.3％(1.0％～1.6％)和1.1％(0.7％ ～ 1.5％).与C组比较,D1组～D3组七氟醚MAC值降低(P＜0.05);与D1组比较,D2组和D3组七氟醚MAC值降低(P＜0.05);D2组和D3组七氟醚MAC值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 右美托咪啶0.2、0.4、0.6 μg/kg可明显降低七氟醚抑制手术患者切皮诱发体动反应的MAC值,且呈剂量依赖性.     

七氟烷抑制全麻患儿喉罩通气道拔除反应的最低肺泡有效浓度

目的 确定七氟烷抑制全麻患儿喉罩通气道拔除反应的最低肺泡有效浓度(MAC).方法 择期全麻手术患儿25例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄3～8岁.吸人8%七氟烷麻醉诱导后置人喉罩,吸入3%七氟烷维持麻醉.术中均保留自主呼吸.术毕吸除口腔分泌物后维持预定七氟烷浓度10 min,采用序贯法调整七氟烷浓度,初始呼气末七氟烷浓度为1%,相邻浓度比值为1.2,喉罩通气道拔除反应阳性时,则下一例患儿升高1个浓度梯度;喉罩通气道拔除反应阴性时,则下一例患儿降低1个浓度梯度.拔除喉罩后1 min内患儿出现有目的性的肢体运动、屏气、喉痉挛和低氧血症(spO2<95%)为喉罩通气道拔除反应阳性,否则为阴性.将阳性反应到阴性反应的中点设为平衡点,计算所有平衡点七氟烷浓度的平均值,即为MAC.结果 七氟烷抑制喉罩通气道拔除反应的MAC为0.98%.结论 七氟烷抑制全麻患JL(3～8岁)喉罩通气道拔除反应的最低肺泡有效浓度为0.98%.     

小剂量氯胺酮对妇科下腹部手术患者七氟醚肺泡气最低有效浓度的影响

目的 探讨小剂量氯胺酮对妇科下腹部手术患者七氟醚肺泡气最低有效浓度(MAC)的影响.方法 择期拟行妇科下腹部手术患者51例,年龄36～49岁,体重指数≤30 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为对照组(C组,n=29)和氯胺酮组(K组,n=22).K组静脉注射氯胺酮负荷量0.2 mg/kg,随后以14μg·kg-1·min-1维持,C组静脉输注等容量生理盐水,两组均吸入8%七氟醚进行麻醉诱导.麻醉维持:气管插管后,调节七氟醚蒸发罐,使呼气末七氟醚浓度达到预定值并至少稳定15 min后开始切皮.采用序贯法进行试验,初始浓度设为1.8%,发生体动反应,则下一例患者浓度增加0.2%,未发生体动反应,则下一例患者浓度降低0.2%.发生体动反应的标准:切皮时和切皮后60 s内患者躯干、四肢及头颈有可见的肌束收缩.计算七氟醚MAC及其95%可信区间.结果 K组七氟醚MAC为1.51%(95%可信区间为1.45%～1.58%),C组七氟醚MAC为2.49%(95%可信区间为2.40%～2.57%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 静脉输注小剂量氯胺酮可增强七氟醚的麻醉效应.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of the low-dose ketamine on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in patients undergoing gynecological abdominal surgery.Methods Fifty-one ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 36-49 yr with body mass index ≤ 30 kg/m2 scheduled for gynecological abdominal surgery were randomly divided into control group (group C, n = 29) and ketamine group (group K, n = 22) . The paitents were unpremedicated. In group K, a loading dose of ketamine 0.2 mg/kg was injected intravenously followed by infusion at a rate of 14 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 , while equal volume of normal saline was given in group C. Anesthesia was induced with inhalation of sevoflurane (end-tidal concentration 4%-5%, maintaining for 5 min) in both groups. Endotracheal intubation was performed. The patients breathed sevoflurane until the predetermined target end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was reached for at least 15 min before skin incision. Occurrence of body movement was determined by any visible contraction of the muscle bundle of trunk, limbs, head and neck during skin incision and/or within 60 s after skin incision. The initial end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was set at 1.8 % .If body movement occurred, the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was increased by 0.2% , while if not, decreased by 0.2% . MACs of sevoflurane were calculated. Results The MAC of sevoflurane was 1.51% (95% confidence interval 1.45%-1.58%) in group K, and 2.49% (95% confidence interval 2.40%-2.57%) in group C, and there was significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.05) . Conclusion Intravenous infusion of the low-dose ketamine can enhance the anesthetic effect of sevoflurane in patients undergoing gynecological abdominal surgery.     

小剂量氯胺酮对妇科下腹部手术患者七氟醚肺泡气最低有效浓度的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of the low-dose ketamine on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in patients undergoing gynecological abdominal surgery.Methods Fifty-one ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 36-49 yr with body mass index ≤ 30 kg/m2 scheduled for gynecological abdominal surgery were randomly divided into control group (group C, n = 29) and ketamine group (group K, n = 22) . The paitents were unpremedicated. In group K, a loading dose of ketamine 0.2 mg/kg was injected intravenously followed by infusion at a rate of 14 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 , while equal volume of normal saline was given in group C. Anesthesia was induced with inhalation of sevoflurane (end-tidal concentration 4%-5%, maintaining for 5 min) in both groups. Endotracheal intubation was performed. The patients breathed sevoflurane until the predetermined target end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was reached for at least 15 min before skin incision. Occurrence of body movement was determined by any visible contraction of the muscle bundle of trunk, limbs, head and neck during skin incision and/or within 60 s after skin incision. The initial end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was set at 1.8 % .If body movement occurred, the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was increased by 0.2% , while if not, decreased by 0.2% . MACs of sevoflurane were calculated. Results The MAC of sevoflurane was 1.51% (95% confidence interval 1.45%-1.58%) in group K, and 2.49% (95% confidence interval 2.40%-2.57%) in group C, and there was significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.05) . Conclusion Intravenous infusion of the low-dose ketamine can enhance the anesthetic effect of sevoflurane in patients undergoing gynecological abdominal surgery.     

小剂量氯胺酮对妇科下腹部手术患者七氟醚肺泡气最低有效浓度的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of the low-dose ketamine on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in patients undergoing gynecological abdominal surgery.Methods Fifty-one ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 36-49 yr with body mass index ≤ 30 kg/m2 scheduled for gynecological abdominal surgery were randomly divided into control group (group C, n = 29) and ketamine group (group K, n = 22) . The paitents were unpremedicated. In group K, a loading dose of ketamine 0.2 mg/kg was injected intravenously followed by infusion at a rate of 14 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 , while equal volume of normal saline was given in group C. Anesthesia was induced with inhalation of sevoflurane (end-tidal concentration 4%-5%, maintaining for 5 min) in both groups. Endotracheal intubation was performed. The patients breathed sevoflurane until the predetermined target end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was reached for at least 15 min before skin incision. Occurrence of body movement was determined by any visible contraction of the muscle bundle of trunk, limbs, head and neck during skin incision and/or within 60 s after skin incision. The initial end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was set at 1.8 % .If body movement occurred, the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was increased by 0.2% , while if not, decreased by 0.2% . MACs of sevoflurane were calculated. Results The MAC of sevoflurane was 1.51% (95% confidence interval 1.45%-1.58%) in group K, and 2.49% (95% confidence interval 2.40%-2.57%) in group C, and there was significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.05) . Conclusion Intravenous infusion of the low-dose ketamine can enhance the anesthetic effect of sevoflurane in patients undergoing gynecological abdominal surgery.     

不同浓度七氟醚麻醉对新生大鼠远期学习记忆能力的影响

目的 评价不同浓度七氟醚麻醉对新生大鼠远期学习记忆能力的影响.方法 新生SD大鼠27只,雌雄不拘,7日龄,体重12～20 g,采用随机数字表法,将其分为3组(n=9):对照组(C组)、2％七氟醚组(S1组)和3％七氟醚组(S2组),分别吸入空气、2％七氟醚和3％七氟醚4h.新生大鼠饲养至35日龄行旷场实验,36日龄行Morris水迷宫实验,42日龄进行连续被动回避实验测定大鼠学习记忆能力.结果 旷场实验:各组运动时间、运动速度和中央区时间的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Morris水迷宫实验:与C组比较,s2组第2～5天、S1组第2～3天寻找平台潜伏期延长,S1组和S2组探索期平台象限滞留时间百分比降低(P ＜0.05或0.01);S2组第3～4天寻找平台潜伏期长于S1组(p＜0.05);连续被动回避实验:与C组比较,S1组和S2组训练后24h时潜伏期缩短(P＜0.05);s2组训练后24 h时潜伏期短于S1组(P＜0.05).结论 七氟醚麻醉可呈浓度依赖性地降低新生大鼠远期学习记忆能力.     

不同靶浓度舒芬太尼对腹部手术患者七氟醚MAC_(BAR)的影响

目的 评价不同靶浓度舒芬太尼对七氟醚抑制50%腹部手术患者切皮诱发应激反应的最低肺泡有效浓度(MAC_(BAR))的影响.方法 择期拟行腹部手术患者80例,年龄20～60岁,体重指数<30 kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为4组(n=20),S_0组:不使用舒芬太尼;S_(1～3)组:舒芬太尼效应室靶浓度分别为0.12、0.18和O.24 ng/ml.气管插管后吸入七氟醚,新鲜气流量10 L/min.S_0组气管插管后不给予舒芬太尼,其余组分别按设定目标靶浓度输注舒芬太尼.根据序贯法进行试验,S_(0～3)组初始呼气末七氟醚浓度分别为3.0%、1.8%、1.3%和1.1%,根据患者对切皮的反应(切皮时MAP和HR中任何一项升高幅度≥切皮前的25%为阳性反应)以1.2倍等比级增减,计算七氟醚MAC_(BAR).结果 与S_0组比较,S_1组、S_2组和S_3组七氟醚MAC_(BAR)均降低(P<0.05);与S_1组比较,S_2组和S_3组七氟醚MAC_(BAR)均降低(P<0.05);S_3组与S_2组MAC_(BAR)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 舒芬太尼效应室靶浓度0.12、0.18和0.24 ng/ml均可降低七氟醚MAC_(BAR),增强七氟醚抑制应激反应的效应,且呈浓度依赖性.     

氯胺酮对腹部手术患者七氟醚MAC_(BAR)的影响

目的 评价氯胺酮对七氟醚抑制50%腹部手术患者切皮时应激反应的最低肺泡有效浓度(MAC_(BAR))的影响.方法 择期腹部手术患者44例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄30～60岁,随机分为2组(n=22):对照组(K_0组)和氯胺酮组(K_1组).麻醉诱导:静脉注射异丙酚2 mg/kg、芬太尼3 μg/kg和顺阿曲库铵0.15 mg/kg,气管插管后行机械通气.K_0组吸入七氟醚,K_1组吸入七氟醚的同时静脉输注氯胺酮14 μg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1).初始七氟醚呼气末浓度为3.0%.采用改良的序贯法进行试验,切皮时患者的心率或平均动脉压升高幅度≥基础值的15%定义为阳性反应,记录平衡点后各个由阳性反应到阴性反应的中点的浓度,取其平均值,即为MAC_(BAR),并计算其95%可信区间.结果 K_0组七氟醚MAC_(BAR)为3.25%(95%可信区间为3.05%～3.45%);K_1组七氟醚MAC_(BAR)为2.20%(95%可信区间为1.96%～2.44%),K_1组七氟醚MAC_(BAR)低于K_0组(P<0.05).结论 静脉输注氯胺酮14 μg~(-1)·min~(-1)可降低腹部手术患者七氟醚MAC_(BAR),增强七氟醚抑制应激反应的效应.     

七氟醚对新生大鼠脑皮质蛋白质组学的影响

目的 评价七氟醚对新生大鼠脑皮质蛋白质组学的影响.方法 取5窝7d龄大鼠,每窝6只,共30只,采用随机数字表法,将每窝新生大鼠分为对照组(C组)和七氟醚组(S组).C组吸入空气4h,S组吸入1.8％七氟醚4h.麻醉结束后即刻每窝每组取1只新生大鼠,经胸壁穿刺左心室抽取动脉血样,行血气分析,检测血糖.于麻醉结束后3h和72 h时,每窝每组取1只新生大鼠处死,分离脑皮质,用不同的CyDye荧光染料标记后进行胶内差异双向凝胶电泳,并对差异蛋白质进行基质辅助激光解吸离子化飞行时间质谱鉴定和生物学信息分析.结果 两组均未发生酸碱失衡、缺氧和低血糖.与C组比较,S组麻醉结束后3h双向凝胶电泳和质谱分析共鉴定出6个差异表达的蛋白,其中4个与细胞骨架和神经生长相关的蛋白(β微管蛋白2c、Ⅲ型β微管蛋白、脑衰反应调节蛋白1、脑衰反应调节蛋白4)表达下调,1个与能量代谢相关的蛋白(ATP合成酶β亚基)表达下调,1个与信号转导相关的蛋白(G蛋白β1亚基)表达上调(P＜0.05).麻醉后72 h未见差异蛋白表达.结论 1.8％七氟醚麻醉新生大鼠4h可短期诱发与脑皮质神经元的迁移分化、能量代谢及信号转导有关的蛋白表达变化,这可能是其诱导发育期鼠脑神经退行性变化的机制.     

复合七氟烷吸入用于患儿无肌松药气管插管时瑞芬太尼的半数有效剂量

目的 确定复合七氟烷吸入用于患儿无肌松药气管插管时瑞芬太尼的半数有效剂量(ED50).方法 择期手术患儿25例,年龄4～9岁,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.吸入5%七氟烷行麻醉诱导,维持呼气末二氧化碳分压30～35 mm Hg.吸入七氟烷3 min后静脉注射瑞芬太尼,注射时间30 s,瑞芬太尼注射完毕后90 s时行气管插管.采用序贯法进行试验,瑞芬太尼初始剂量为1.2 μg/kg,相邻剂量比值为1.2.采用Viby-Mogensen评分法评价气管插管条件,气管插管失败时,静脉注射罗库溴铵0.3 mg/kg,待肌肉松驰后再行气管插管.计算瑞芬太尼的ED50及其95%可信区间.结果 复合5%七氟烷吸入用于患儿无肌松药气管插管时瑞芬太尼的ED50及其95%可信区间为0.68(0.65～0.71)μg/kg.结论 复合5%七氟烷吸入用于患儿无肌松药气管插管时瑞芬太尼的ED50及其95%可信区间为0.68(0.65～0.71)μg/kg.