电针预处理对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠皮质神经元pSTAT3蛋白表达的影响

目的 评价电针预处理对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠皮质神经元磷酸化信号转导及转录激活因子3(pSTAT3)蛋白表达的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠45只,体重280 ～ 320 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为假手术组、局灶性脑缺血再灌注组和电针预处理组(n=15).局灶性脑缺血再灌注组采用线栓阻塞颈总动脉和颈外动脉24 h恢复灌注的方法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.电针预处理组电针刺激百会穴30 min,处理后24h时制备模型,再灌注24 h时进行神经行为学评分,随后处死大鼠取脑测定脑梗死体积,计算脑梗死体积百分比,采用免疫荧光染色和Westem blot法检测缺血半暗带皮质神经元pSTAT3蛋白的表达.结果 与假手术组比较,局灶性脑缺血再灌注组和电针预处理组神经行为学评分降低,脑梗死体积百分比增加,皮质神经元pSTAT3蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05);与局灶性脑缺血再灌注组比较,电针预处理组神经行为学评分升高,脑梗死体积百分比减少,皮质神经元pSTAT3蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05).结论 电针预处理通过上调皮质神经元pSTAT3蛋白的表达减轻大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤.     

海马神经细胞线粒体通透性转换孔在富氢液减轻大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 评价海马神经细胞线粒体通透性转换孔(mPTP)在富氢液减轻大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤中的作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠72只,体重250 ～ 300 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为6组(n=12):假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)、生理盐水组(NS组)、富氢液组(H组)、苍术苷组(A组)和富氢液+苍术苷组(HA组).采用四血管阻塞法建立大鼠全脑缺血再灌注模型,缺血15 min后恢复灌注.H组和HA组于再灌注即刻腹腔注射富氢液5 ml/kg,其余组腹腔注射等容量生理盐水;A组和HA组于再灌注前10 min行侧脑室注射苍术苷15 μl,NS组和H组侧脑室注射等容量生理盐水.再灌注24h时行神经行为学损伤评分后各组随机处死8只大鼠,迅速断头,分离海马神经细胞线粒体,采用分光光度计法测定mPTP的开放程度,Rhodamine123法测定线粒体膜电位.再灌注72 h时各组处死4只大鼠,取海马组织,光镜下观察CA1区病理学结果,计数该区神经细胞存活数.结果 与S组比较,其余组再灌注24h时行为学损伤加重,mPTP活性升高,线粒体膜电位降低(P＜0.05);与IR组比较,H组和HA组再灌注24h时行为学损伤减轻,mPTP活性降低,线粒体膜电位升高(P＜0.05);与H组比较,HA组行为学损伤加重,mPTP活性升高,线粒体膜电位降低(P＜0.05).再灌注72 h时HA组较IR组神经细胞存活数增加(P＜0.05),H组海马CA1区神经元损伤较IR组、NS组、A组和HA组减轻.结论 富氢液可减轻大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤,其机制与抑制海马神经细胞mPTP开放,减少线粒体膜电位降低,从而维持线粒体功能有关.     

Notch信号通路在电针预处理诱导大鼠脑缺血耐受中的作用

目的 探讨Noah信号通路在电针预处理诱导大鼠脑缺血耐受中的作用.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠52只,体重280～320 g,随机分为2组(n=26):正常对照组(C组)不做任何处理;电针预处理组(EA组)于百会穴进行电针刺激(刺激条件:疏密波2/15Hz,电流强度1 mA),30 min次,1次/d,连续5 d.最后一次电针刺激结束后24 h采用阻断单侧大脑中动脉120 min再灌注72 h的方法制备局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.分别于缺血前即刻、再灌注24 h及再灌注72 h时采用Western blot法测定缺血侧大脑皮层Notch细胞内片段(NICD)蛋白的表达,采用实时定量PCR法测定缺血侧大脑皮层Notch通路信号分子的表达;于再灌注72 h时进行神经功能损伤评分,评分完毕后测定脑梗死体积百分比.结果 缺血前即刻两组大脑皮层Hesl mRNA及NICD蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与缺血前即刻比较,两组再灌注24、72 h时NICD蛋白表达上调,C组再灌注72 h时Hesl mRNA 表达上调,EA组再灌注24 h时Hesl mRNA表达上调(P<0.05);与再灌注24 h时比较,再灌注72 h时C组Hesl mRNA及NICD蛋白表达均上调,EA组Hesl mRNA及NICD蛋白表达均下调(P<0.05);与C组比较,EA组缺血前即刻Notchl mRNA、Notch4 mRNA及Jagl mRNA的表达上调,再灌注24 h时Hesl mRNA及NICD蛋白表达上调,再灌注72 h时Hesl mRNA及NICD蛋白表达下调,脑梗死体积百分比降低,神经功能损伤评分升高(P<0.05).结论 Notch信号通路可能参与了电针预处理诱导的大鼠脑缺血耐受.     

地氟烷预处理对大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨地氟烷预处理对大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。方法96只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为4组：假手术组（S组）、缺血再灌注组（I／R组）、地氟烷组（D组）、5．羟葵酸组（5．HD组），每组24只。采用双侧颈总动脉夹闭＋全身低血压（MAP控制在35—45mmHg）法制备全脑缺血再灌注损伤模型，实验过程中监测MAP、血气各项指标。全脑缺血10min恢复灌注。D组脑缺血前吸入5．9％（1．0MAC）地氟烷1h，5．HD组在吸地氟烷前即刻静脉注射5．羟葵酸5mg／kg。分别于再灌注6、24和48h进行神经行为学评价，神经行为学评价后各处死8只大鼠，光镜下观察海马CA1区组织病理学改变，并计数该区神经细胞存活数目。结果缺血再灌注导致大鼠出现行为学缺陷，D组再灌注各时点、5．HD组再灌注6h神经行为学好于I／R组，I／R组再灌注各时点海马CA1区存活神经细胞数目减少，D组再灌注各时点、5．HD组再灌注6h海马CA1区存活神经细胞数目增加（P〈0．05）。结论1．0MAC地氟烷预处理对大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤有一定的保护作用，可能与ATP敏感性钾离子通道的激活有关。     

脑缺血预处理对小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 研究脑缺血预处理对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法 C57BL/6 小鼠分4组,无缺血对照组行假手术,预处理对照组夹闭双侧颈总动脉6min,缺血组夹闭双侧颈总动脉18min,预处理组经6min缺血预处理后48h再行18min脑缺血。末次缺血后3d使用TUNEL原位标记法检测海马区神经原的DNA断片化改变,末次缺血后7d,用甲酚紫染色及微小管相关蛋白2免疫组化染色法观察海马区神经元损伤。结果 6min脑缺血未导致海马神经元缺失,18min脑缺血造成双侧海马神经元大量缺失,6min预处理明显减轻18min脑缺血所造成的神经元损伤及凋亡。结论 脑缺血预处理对脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,此预处理模型为在基因水平研究脑缺血预处理保护作用的分子机制提供了一种新的手段。     

缺血预处理联合阿魏酸钠对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制

目的 探讨脑缺血预处理联合阿魏酸钠对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法 采用四血管阻断法复制全脑缺血模型，动物随机分为对照组、缺血预处理组、缺血预处理 阿魏酸钠组和缺血组，采用免疫组织化学染色、TUNEL染色等方法观察各组动物在脑缺血再灌注后皮层和海马CA1区Fas蛋白、Caspase-8蛋白的表达、神经元数及凋亡细胞计数的情况。结果 阿魏酸钠 缺血预处理组凋亡细胞数较缺血组和缺血预处理组显著减少，缺血7d时皮层及海马CA1区神经元无明显丢失，而缺血组神经元大量丢失。缺血预处理 阿魏酸钠组Fas阳性细胞与缺血组相比显著减少，Caspase-8蛋白阳性细胞则较缺血预处理组和缺血组显著减少。结论 缺血预处理联合阿魏酸钠可以进一步加强缺血预处理对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。其机制可能是通过减少脑缺血后神经元Caspase-8蛋白的表达，从而抑制细胞凋亡。     

不同剂量乳化异氟醚预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量乳化异氟醚预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠96只,体重250～300 g,采用大脑中动脉线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.大鼠随机分为6组(n=16),假手术组(S组)腹腔注射生理盐水(NS)10.5 ml/kg,24 h后只分离血管;缺血再灌注组(I/R组)腹腔注射NS 10.5 ml/kg,24 h后制备模型;低剂量乳化异氟醚预处理组(L组)、中剂量乳化异氟醚预处理组(M组)、高剂量乳化异氟醚预处理组(H组)和脂肪乳剂组(IL组)分别腹腔注射8%乳化异氟醚3.5 ml/kg+NS 7.0 ml/kg、8%乳化异氟醚7.0 ml/kg+NS 3.5 ml/kg、8%乳化异氟醚10.5 ml/kg和30%脂肪乳10.5 ml/kg,24 h后制备模型.于缺血前10 min和再灌注10 min时记录体温、心率和呼吸频率.再灌注24 h时行神经功能缺陷评分,然后取脑组织,测定脑梗死体积,行凋亡细胞计数,并观察脑组织病理学结果.结果 大鼠脑缺血再灌注时体温升高,心率加快,呼吸频率减慢.与S组比较,其余各组神经功能缺陷评分、脑梗死体积和凋亡细胞计数均升高(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,L组、M组和H组神经功能缺陷评分、脑梗死体积和凋亡细胞计数均降低(P＜0.05),IL组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);L组、M组和H组神经功能缺陷评分、脑梗死体积和凋亡细胞计数依次降低(P＜0.05).结论乳化异氟醚可减轻大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤,且呈剂量依赖性.     

远端缺血后处理对大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨远端缺血后处理对大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠128只,体重为200～ 250 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为4组(n=32):假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、I/R+远端缺血后处理组(I/R+ RIPoC组)以及远端缺血再灌注组(RI/R组).采用改良的Pulsinelli四动脉阻断法建立大鼠全脑缺血再灌注模型.S组不制备全脑缺血再灌注模型;I/R+ RIPoC组于再灌注开始行双侧股动脉缺血15 min,再灌注15 min,共计3个循环;RI/R组仅行双侧股动脉缺血15 min,再灌注15 min,共计3个循环.于再灌注24、48 h时取脑组织,行海马CA1区和额叶皮层凋亡细胞计数,测定海马CA1区Bcl-2和Bax的表达水平,并于再灌注48 h测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)的含量;再灌注4d时行Morris水迷宫实验;再灌注7d时取脑组织,计算海马CA1区和额叶皮层神经元密度.结果 与S组比较,I/R组再灌注时凋亡细胞计数升高,Bcl-2和Bax表达上调,神经元密度、SOD和CAT活性降低,MDA含量升高,逃避潜伏期明显延长,穿越原平台次数与第2象限停留时间百分比降低(P≤0.Ol),RI/R组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与I/R组比较,I/R+ RIPoC组再灌注时凋亡细胞计数降低,Bcl-2表达上调,Bax表达下调,神经元密度、SOD和CAT活性升高,MDA含量降低,逃避潜伏期缩短,穿越原平台次数与第2象限停留时间百分比升高(P＜0.01).结论 远端缺血后处理可减轻大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤,其机制与抑制脂质过氧化反应,调节Bcl-2与Bax的平衡抑制细胞凋亡有关.     

不同高压氧预处理方案对兔脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨不同高压氧预处理方案对兔脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 新西兰大白兔45只,月龄4～5月,体重2.0～2.5 kg,随机分为5组:假手术组(S组,n=5)开腹剥离左肾动脉下段腹主动脉但不阻断血流,20 min后关腹;脊髓缺血再灌注组(IR组,n=10)采用左肾动脉下段腹主动脉阻断法建立脊髓缺血再灌注损伤模型,缺血20 min后恢复灌注;不同方案高压氧预处理组(H_(1～3)组,n=10)分别接受连续5 d(H_1组)、10 d(H_2组)或20 d(H_3组)高压氧预处理(2.5 ATA,吸入氧浓度100%),1h/d,末次高压氧预处理结束后24 h时,建立脊髓缺血再灌注模型.再灌注48 h时,采用修正Tarlov评分,评价后肢运动功能.然后取L_5脊髓节段,分别行HE、TUNEL和nuoro-Jade B染色,计数脊髓正常神经元、凋亡神经元和变性神经元.结果 与S组比较,IR组后肢运动功能评分和脊髓前角正常神经元计数降低(P<0.01);与IR组比较,H_1组和H_2组后肢运动功能评分和脊髓前角正常神经元计数升高,凋亡神经元计数和变性神经元计数降低(JP<0.01),H_3组各指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);H_1组和h_2组各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与H_1组和H_2组比较,H_3组后肢运动功能评分和脊髓前角正常神经元计数降低,凋亡神经元计数和变性神经元计数升高(P<0.01).结论 连续5 d或10 d高压氧预处理(2.5 ATA,吸入氧浓度100%)可减轻脊髓缺血再灌注损伤;而连续20 d高压氧预处理无神经保护作用.     

七氟烷预处理对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠线粒体通透性转换孔的影响

目的 探讨七氟烷预处理对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠线粒体通透性转换孔(mPTP)的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠60只,体重250～300 g,随机分为5组(n=12):假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、七氟烷预处理组(Sev组)、线粒体ATP敏感性钾离子通道(mito-KATP通道)阻断剂5-羟癸酸(5-HD)+Sev组和5-HD组.采用大脑中动脉阻断法制备局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.S组只分离血管不置入线栓;I/R组制备局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型;Sev组吸入2.4%七氟烷60 min行预处理,24 h后制备局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型;5-HD+Sev组腹腔注射5-HD 40mg/kg,30 min后行七氟醚预处理,其余处理同Sev组;5-HD组腹腔注射5-HD 40 mg/kg,30 min后制备局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.于再灌注24 h时断头取缺血侧顶叶皮层组织,测定mPTP活性,Western blot法测定Bcl-2、Bax表达水平,并计算Bcl-2/Bax比值,采用TUNEL法检测神经元凋亡情况.结果 与S组比较,I/R组、Sev组、5-HD+Sev组和5-HD组凋亡神经元计数升高,Bcl-2和Bax表达上调,Bcl-2/Bax比值升高,mPTP活性升高(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,Sev组凋亡神经元计数减少,Bcl-2表达上调,Bcl-2/Bax比值升高,mPTP活性降低(P＜0.05);与Sev组比较,5-HD+Sev组和5-HD组Bcl-2表达下凋,Bcl-2/Bax比值降低,mPTP活性升高(P＜0.05);5-HD+Sev组与5-HD组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 七氟烷预处理可能通过激活神经元mito-KATP通道,上调Bcl-2的表达,从而抑制mPTP的大量开放减轻大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注时的神经元凋亡.     

Accumulation of toxic products degradation of kynurenine in hemodialyzed patients

In patients that developed a chronic renal failure the augmentation intryptophan degradation is reflected in the increase in plasma metabolitesof kynurenine pathway. Hemodialaysis is one of therapeutic approachesthat significantly reduce all plasma kynurenine metabolites in uremicpatients. In spite of haemodialaysis, plasma concentration of kynurenine,kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, anthranilic acid, xanthurenicacid and quinolinic acid were still elevated in uremic patients in comparisonwith healthy volunteers. These data shows significant disturbances inkynurenine metabolism in uremic patients. Accumulation of thesesubstances in uremic blood is capable to account for certain uremicsymptoms.     

Role of bile acid sequestrants in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Cholestyramine is a first-generation bile acid sequestrant (BAS) and antihyperlipidemic agent that currently has limited use because of its relatively weak effect on lowering low density-lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (C) and poor tolerability. The current first choice drugs for hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) because of their strong LDL-C lowering effects and efficacy in prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, after lowering the target levels of LDL-C in very high risk patients, combination therapy with statins and other antihyperlipidemic drugs may become more important for treatment of hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia. Second-generation BASs such as colesevelam and colestimide have a glucose-lowering effect and improved tolerance, which has led to re-evaluation of their utility in combination with statins or antidiabetic agents.     

Dehydroascorbic acid and oxidative stress in haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: The amount of dehydroascorbic acid contained within total ascorbic acid (oxidized as well as non-oxidized forms) in plasma, hereafter referred to as the dehydroascorbic acid fraction, may be a measure of oxidative stress during haemodialysis. In the present study, we determined this fraction in chronic haemodialysis patients. METHODS: Using high performance liquid chromatography, dehydroascorbic acid and total ascorbic acid levels were measured in 80 maintenance haemodialysis patients for a period of > 2 years as well as in 49 controls, to examine a possible association of these compounds with clinical parameters and/or drugs taken by the patients. RESULTS: Dialysis patients who had an increased plasma urate level (P < 0.05) and had been taking allopurinol (P < 0.05) or NSAID (non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs) (P < 0.01), and dialysis patients who were younger (< or = 55 years), as compared with older dialysis patients (P < 0.01), were found to have a lower dehydroascorbic acid fraction by multivariate analysis. Mean plasma dehydroascorbic acid levels and dehydroascorbic acid fractions were significantly lower in the younger haemodialysis patients (4.8 +/- 0.7 micromol/l and 28.4 +/- 3.9%) than in healthy younger controls (13.3 +/- 1.1 micromol/l and 41.1 +/- 1.8%) (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01, respectively). Moreover, a correlation was found between plasma dehydroascorbic acid fraction and plasma lipid peroxide (r = 0.66, P < 0.01) in patients who had not been taking allopurinol and/or NSAID. CONCLUSION: We found that dehydroascorbic acid fraction was related to patients' age, plasma urate level and to taking allopurinol or NSAID. Dehydroascorbic acid fraction may be another indirect index of oxidative stress.     

马兜铃酸致大鼠慢性肾小管-间质损伤的初步研究

目的：目前国内外尚未见有马兜铃酸（AA）诱导实验动物慢性肾间质纤维化的报告。本研究目的在于初步观察不同剂量的AA可否引起大鼠慢性肾小管-间质损伤。方法：实验动物分为3组：（1）低剂量AA组（AL组,N=20）：给以AA2.5mg.kg^-1.d^-1,腹膜内注射共12周;（2）高剂量AA组（AH组,N=20）：给以AA5mg/kg^-1.d^-1,腹膜 内注射共12周;（3）对照组（C组,N=6）;给以生理盐水腹膜内注射,每只2ml/d,共12周。AL、AH两组在用药后1、2、4、8、12周分别处死4只大鼠,C组动物实验结束时处死,分别进行尿蛋白定量,尿β2-MG、肾功能、肾脏病理等方面的检查。结果：AL组在用药后12周血BUN水平有明显升高（P〈0.05);AH组在用药后8-12周后有轻度肾小管-间质损害,尤以AH组较为明显。结论：本 研究中应用的一定剂量和时间的马兜铃酸可诱导大鼠发生慢性肾小管-间质损害及BUN升高,但诱导实验动物发生慢性肾间质纤维化的时间及条件尚待进一步探讨.     

Clinico-histochemical studies on type 4 carcinoma of the stomach—With special reference to mucopolysaccharides and sialic acid in tumor tissue

One hundred and twenty-one patients with gastric cancer of Borrman IV (type 4) were classified into two types according to the macroscopic appearance of their tumors, namely, those tumors with giant folds (type G, n=84) and those without giant folds (type P, n=37). A large percentage of the cases in both type groups had advanced stage carcinoma. Type G was found to be predominant in young women and the incidence of high-grade lymph node metastasis was higher in type G than in type P. Histochemically, it was shown that the tumor interstitium of type G contained obviously many more acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) than the localized Borrman II (type 2) gastric cancer, which was used as a control. The results of enzymatic digestion tests suggested that the amounts of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and sialic acid were greater in type G than in type P or the localized type, the differences involved being marked between type G and the localized type.     

HPLC法同时测定川芎药材中阿魏酸、咖啡酸的含量

目的：建立 HPLC 法同时测定川芎药材中阿魏酸和咖啡酸含量的方法。方法采用 Kromasil -ODS （250mm×4.6mm,5μm）色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-0.5%醋酸水（35：65）;流速：1.0mL/min;检测波长：323nm。结果阿魏酸和咖啡酸的线性范围分别为：13.62～257.4mg/mL（r=0.9996）和29.40～515.7mg/mL （r=0.9995）;平均回收率（n=6）分别为阿魏酸96.6%（RSD=0.8%）和咖啡酸95.6%（RSD=0.5%）。结论该法操作简单,结果准确,重现性好,为全面评价不同产地川芎药材的质量提供方法。     

乳酸中毒和pH对狗肺血管张力和气体交换功能影响的实验研究

急性代谢性酸中毒对狗血管张力和气体交换功能的影响进行了研究。当滴入乳酸或盐酸造成急性代谢性酸中毒（ｐＨ７．００）时，可引起肺血管收缩，肺动脉压力明显升高，血氧饱和度下降，并且乳酸和盐酸引起的酸中毒对肺动脉平均压影响程度相似，提示肺血管收缩和肺动脉压升高的程度与血中ｐＨ值下降关系密切，而与此时血中乳酸水平的高低无关。     

亲水性胆盐对减轻大鼠移植肝肝内胆管冷保存再灌注损伤的作用

目的 探讨亲水性胆盐对减轻大鼠移植肝肝内胆管冷保存再灌注损伤的作用.方法 应用大鼠原位肝移植胆道外引流模型,将192只SD大鼠随机分为4组,每组供、受者各24只.各组供者在供肝切取前30 min经阴茎背静脉注射不同的试剂,对照组注射1 ml生理盐水;疏水性胆盐(TDC)组注射牛磺脱氧胆酸钠40/μmol/kg;高、低浓度亲水性胆盐(TUDC)组分别注射牛磺熊去氧胆酸钠80和40μmol/kg.供肝取出后置于4℃的平衡液中保存2 h再植入受者.移植肝再灌注后1、3、7和(或)14 d时,采用全自动生化分析仪分别检测受者血清中碱性磷酸酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、胆红素总量、直接胆红素和胆汁中γ-谷氨酰转移酶和葡萄糖的含量.移植肝再灌注后1 d时,在光镜下观察肝内胆管上皮细胞的病理学改变,在荧光显微镜下观察肝内胆管上皮细胞的凋亡情况.结果 高、低浓度TUDC组各项观察指标均低于对照组和TDC组(P＜0.05),且肝内胆管炎症细胞的浸润、上皮细胞的损伤以及细胞的凋亡等程度均轻于对照组和TDC组(P＜0.05);与低浓度TUDC组比较,高浓度亲水性胆盐组短期内可见各项观察指标均有所降低,但远期各指标的比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).TDC组术后各项观察指标均高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 在供肝获取前,供者静脉注射亲水性胆盐能减轻大鼠移植肝肝内胆管的冷保存再灌注损伤.     

炎性痛-慢性吗啡耐受大鼠脊髓背角谷氨酸-天冬氨酸转运体表达的变化

目的 探讨炎性痛-慢性吗啡耐受大鼠脊髓背角谷氨酸-天冬氨酸转运体(GLAST)表达的变化.方法 取鞘内置管成功的雄性SD大鼠30只,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=10):生理盐水组(NS组)、关节炎组(A组)和关节炎+吗啡组(AM组).NS组于左后足踝关节腔注射生理盐水50μl,其余组注射完全弗氏佐剂50μl.3 d后分别经鞘内注射生理盐水10μl(NS组和A组)、吗啡10μg(AM组),药物容量10μl,2次/d,连续7 d.于鞘内给药前、鞘内开始给药后2、4、6、8 d(T0～4)时测定机械痛阈,于T4时痛阈测定后取脊髓,测定脊髓背角GLAST表达.结果 与NS组比较,其余两组机械痛阈降低,AM组脊髓背角GLAST表达下调(P＜0.05).与A组比较,AM组T3.4时机械痛阈差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),GLAST表达下调(P＜0.05).结论 炎性痛大鼠慢性吗啡耐受的形成与脊髓背角GLAST功能降低有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the changes in the expression of glutamate-aspartste transporter in spinal dorsal horn in rats with inflammatory pain and chronic morphine tolerance. Methods Thirty healthy male SD rats in which intrathecal (IT) catheters were successfully placed without complications were randomized into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): normal saline group ( group NS), arthritis group ( group A), and arthritis + morphine group (group AM). NS 50 μl was injected into the ankle joint of the left hindlimb in group NS, while complete Freund's adjuvant was injected in the other two groups instead. After 3 days, group NS and A received IT NS 10 μl twice a day for 7 consecutive days, group AM IT morphine 10 μg (10 μl) twice a day for 7 consecutive days. Mechanical pain threshold (MPT) was measured before IT administration and at day 2, 4, 6 and 8 after IT administration (T0-4). The animals were sacrificed after the last MPT measurement. The spinal cords were isolated for determination of GLAST expression in spinal dorsal horn. Results Compared with group NS, MPT was significantly decreased in the other groups and GLAST expression was down-regulated in group AM (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group A, no significant change was found in MPT at T3,4 (P ＞ 0.05), while GLAST expression was down-regulated in group AM ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The development of chronic morphine tolerance is related to the decrease in the function of GLAST in spinal dorsal horn in rats with inflammatory pain.     

Bile acid metabolism in patients with non-strangulated intestinal obstruction

The intraluminal changes of bile acids were studied in 42 patients with intestinal obstruction, treated from 1978–1982. Twenty-two patients received surgical treatment and twenty were treated conservatively. Bile acid analysis of the intestinal contents was performed by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. A marked reduction of bile acid concentration was observed before treatment. A decreased percentage of deoxycholic acid, a lowered G:T ratio, and presence of deconjugated bile acids were also present. After relief and/or removal of the obstruction, the concentration of bile acids, the percentage of deoxycholic acid, and the G:T ratio increased. Bile acid deconjugation decreased immediately after surgical treatment but was not affected by conservative treatment. We conclude that bile acid metabolism is altered quantitatively and qualitatively in patients with an intestinal obstruction.