内耳CT形态学测量方法的探讨

Objective The aim of this study was to find an accurate and feasible measurement technique for the inner ear structures using computed tomograpby and to check the inter-observer agreement. Methods Sixty patients without abnormal structure of temporal bones confirmed by means of high-resolution computed tomograpby were included in this study. The multi-planar reformations (MPR) were performed to show the maximum profile of cochlear, and to measure the height and width of cochlear. Areas of bony island encircled by three semicircular canals were measured on the MPR images that could show the whole canal. The data measured by two readers independently was compared to check the inter-observer agreement. Results The application of MPR yielded satisfactory anatomic presentation of inner ear for radiologic measurements. There was good inter-observer agreement revealed by the paired t-test and correlation analysis (P > 0. 05, r > 0. 9). The height of cochlear(x±s) was (4. 26± 0. 28) mm while the width of cochlear was (7.03 ±0. 39)ram. The areas of bony islands encircled by the anterior, posterior and lateral semicircular canals were (25.49 ± 3. 84)mm<'2>, (20. 07 ± 2. 93)mm<'2 >and (11.50 ± 1.94) mm<'2>, respectively. Conclusions MPR can display structures of cochlear and semicircular canals on planes along their central axis. Normative measurements on these MPR images derive excellent repeatability and provide reliable morphologic parameters of inner ear structures.     

内耳CT形态学测量方法的探讨

目的 寻找准确、可行的内耳CT形态学测量方法 ,评价不同测量者之间的一致性.方法 对60例外、中、内耳结构正常者的颢骨高分辨力CT图像进行多平面重组(multi-planarreforamtions,MPR),在显示耳蜗最大剖面的MPR图像上测量耳蜗的高度和宽度,在可完整地显示半规管形态的MPR图像上测量各个半规管所环绕的骨岛面积.对两位测量者的结果 进行统计学分析.结果 MPR获得了良好的耳蜗和半规管的影像解剖学显示.配对t检验显示两位测量者的结果 之间差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),相关分析表明二者所测结果 之间具有良好的一致性(r值均>0.9).其中耳蜗高度(x±s,下同)为(4.26±0.28)mm,耳蜗宽度为(7.03±0.39)mm,前半规管环绕骨岛面积为(25.49 ±3.84)mm<'2>,后半规管环绕骨岛面积为(20.07 ±2.93)mm<'2>,外半规管环绕骨岛面积为(11.50±1.94)mm<'2>.结论MPR可分别显示内耳各结构的中轴层面,在此基础上的测量具有良好的可重复性,可提供可靠的内耳形态学参数.     

内耳CT形态学测量方法的探讨

Objective The aim of this study was to find an accurate and feasible measurement technique for the inner ear structures using computed tomograpby and to check the inter-observer agreement. Methods Sixty patients without abnormal structure of temporal bones confirmed by means of high-resolution computed tomograpby were included in this study. The multi-planar reformations (MPR) were performed to show the maximum profile of cochlear, and to measure the height and width of cochlear. Areas of bony island encircled by three semicircular canals were measured on the MPR images that could show the whole canal. The data measured by two readers independently was compared to check the inter-observer agreement. Results The application of MPR yielded satisfactory anatomic presentation of inner ear for radiologic measurements. There was good inter-observer agreement revealed by the paired t-test and correlation analysis (P > 0. 05, r > 0. 9). The height of cochlear(x±s) was (4. 26± 0. 28) mm while the width of cochlear was (7.03 ±0. 39)ram. The areas of bony islands encircled by the anterior, posterior and lateral semicircular canals were (25.49 ± 3. 84)mm<'2>, (20. 07 ± 2. 93)mm<'2 >and (11.50 ± 1.94) mm<'2>, respectively. Conclusions MPR can display structures of cochlear and semicircular canals on planes along their central axis. Normative measurements on these MPR images derive excellent repeatability and provide reliable morphologic parameters of inner ear structures.     

内耳CT形态学测量方法的探讨

Objective The aim of this study was to find an accurate and feasible measurement technique for the inner ear structures using computed tomograpby and to check the inter-observer agreement. Methods Sixty patients without abnormal structure of temporal bones confirmed by means of high-resolution computed tomograpby were included in this study. The multi-planar reformations (MPR) were performed to show the maximum profile of cochlear, and to measure the height and width of cochlear. Areas of bony island encircled by three semicircular canals were measured on the MPR images that could show the whole canal. The data measured by two readers independently was compared to check the inter-observer agreement. Results The application of MPR yielded satisfactory anatomic presentation of inner ear for radiologic measurements. There was good inter-observer agreement revealed by the paired t-test and correlation analysis (P > 0. 05, r > 0. 9). The height of cochlear(x±s) was (4. 26± 0. 28) mm while the width of cochlear was (7.03 ±0. 39)ram. The areas of bony islands encircled by the anterior, posterior and lateral semicircular canals were (25.49 ± 3. 84)mm<'2>, (20. 07 ± 2. 93)mm<'2 >and (11.50 ± 1.94) mm<'2>, respectively. Conclusions MPR can display structures of cochlear and semicircular canals on planes along their central axis. Normative measurements on these MPR images derive excellent repeatability and provide reliable morphologic parameters of inner ear structures.     

内耳CT形态学测量方法的探讨

Objective The aim of this study was to find an accurate and feasible measurement technique for the inner ear structures using computed tomograpby and to check the inter-observer agreement. Methods Sixty patients without abnormal structure of temporal bones confirmed by means of high-resolution computed tomograpby were included in this study. The multi-planar reformations (MPR) were performed to show the maximum profile of cochlear, and to measure the height and width of cochlear. Areas of bony island encircled by three semicircular canals were measured on the MPR images that could show the whole canal. The data measured by two readers independently was compared to check the inter-observer agreement. Results The application of MPR yielded satisfactory anatomic presentation of inner ear for radiologic measurements. There was good inter-observer agreement revealed by the paired t-test and correlation analysis (P > 0. 05, r > 0. 9). The height of cochlear(x±s) was (4. 26± 0. 28) mm while the width of cochlear was (7.03 ±0. 39)ram. The areas of bony islands encircled by the anterior, posterior and lateral semicircular canals were (25.49 ± 3. 84)mm<'2>, (20. 07 ± 2. 93)mm<'2 >and (11.50 ± 1.94) mm<'2>, respectively. Conclusions MPR can display structures of cochlear and semicircular canals on planes along their central axis. Normative measurements on these MPR images derive excellent repeatability and provide reliable morphologic parameters of inner ear structures.     

内耳CT形态学测量方法的探讨

Objective The aim of this study was to find an accurate and feasible measurement technique for the inner ear structures using computed tomograpby and to check the inter-observer agreement. Methods Sixty patients without abnormal structure of temporal bones confirmed by means of high-resolution computed tomograpby were included in this study. The multi-planar reformations (MPR) were performed to show the maximum profile of cochlear, and to measure the height and width of cochlear. Areas of bony island encircled by three semicircular canals were measured on the MPR images that could show the whole canal. The data measured by two readers independently was compared to check the inter-observer agreement. Results The application of MPR yielded satisfactory anatomic presentation of inner ear for radiologic measurements. There was good inter-observer agreement revealed by the paired t-test and correlation analysis (P > 0. 05, r > 0. 9). The height of cochlear(x±s) was (4. 26± 0. 28) mm while the width of cochlear was (7.03 ±0. 39)ram. The areas of bony islands encircled by the anterior, posterior and lateral semicircular canals were (25.49 ± 3. 84)mm<'2>, (20. 07 ± 2. 93)mm<'2 >and (11.50 ± 1.94) mm<'2>, respectively. Conclusions MPR can display structures of cochlear and semicircular canals on planes along their central axis. Normative measurements on these MPR images derive excellent repeatability and provide reliable morphologic parameters of inner ear structures.     

内耳CT形态学测量方法的探讨

Objective The aim of this study was to find an accurate and feasible measurement technique for the inner ear structures using computed tomograpby and to check the inter-observer agreement. Methods Sixty patients without abnormal structure of temporal bones confirmed by means of high-resolution computed tomograpby were included in this study. The multi-planar reformations (MPR) were performed to show the maximum profile of cochlear, and to measure the height and width of cochlear. Areas of bony island encircled by three semicircular canals were measured on the MPR images that could show the whole canal. The data measured by two readers independently was compared to check the inter-observer agreement. Results The application of MPR yielded satisfactory anatomic presentation of inner ear for radiologic measurements. There was good inter-observer agreement revealed by the paired t-test and correlation analysis (P > 0. 05, r > 0. 9). The height of cochlear(x±s) was (4. 26± 0. 28) mm while the width of cochlear was (7.03 ±0. 39)ram. The areas of bony islands encircled by the anterior, posterior and lateral semicircular canals were (25.49 ± 3. 84)mm<'2>, (20. 07 ± 2. 93)mm<'2 >and (11.50 ± 1.94) mm<'2>, respectively. Conclusions MPR can display structures of cochlear and semicircular canals on planes along their central axis. Normative measurements on these MPR images derive excellent repeatability and provide reliable morphologic parameters of inner ear structures.     

内耳CT形态学测量方法的探讨

Objective The aim of this study was to find an accurate and feasible measurement technique for the inner ear structures using computed tomograpby and to check the inter-observer agreement. Methods Sixty patients without abnormal structure of temporal bones confirmed by means of high-resolution computed tomograpby were included in this study. The multi-planar reformations (MPR) were performed to show the maximum profile of cochlear, and to measure the height and width of cochlear. Areas of bony island encircled by three semicircular canals were measured on the MPR images that could show the whole canal. The data measured by two readers independently was compared to check the inter-observer agreement. Results The application of MPR yielded satisfactory anatomic presentation of inner ear for radiologic measurements. There was good inter-observer agreement revealed by the paired t-test and correlation analysis (P > 0. 05, r > 0. 9). The height of cochlear(x±s) was (4. 26± 0. 28) mm while the width of cochlear was (7.03 ±0. 39)ram. The areas of bony islands encircled by the anterior, posterior and lateral semicircular canals were (25.49 ± 3. 84)mm<'2>, (20. 07 ± 2. 93)mm<'2 >and (11.50 ± 1.94) mm<'2>, respectively. Conclusions MPR can display structures of cochlear and semicircular canals on planes along their central axis. Normative measurements on these MPR images derive excellent repeatability and provide reliable morphologic parameters of inner ear structures.     

内耳CT形态学测量方法的探讨

Objective The aim of this study was to find an accurate and feasible measurement technique for the inner ear structures using computed tomograpby and to check the inter-observer agreement. Methods Sixty patients without abnormal structure of temporal bones confirmed by means of high-resolution computed tomograpby were included in this study. The multi-planar reformations (MPR) were performed to show the maximum profile of cochlear, and to measure the height and width of cochlear. Areas of bony island encircled by three semicircular canals were measured on the MPR images that could show the whole canal. The data measured by two readers independently was compared to check the inter-observer agreement. Results The application of MPR yielded satisfactory anatomic presentation of inner ear for radiologic measurements. There was good inter-observer agreement revealed by the paired t-test and correlation analysis (P > 0. 05, r > 0. 9). The height of cochlear(x±s) was (4. 26± 0. 28) mm while the width of cochlear was (7.03 ±0. 39)ram. The areas of bony islands encircled by the anterior, posterior and lateral semicircular canals were (25.49 ± 3. 84)mm<'2>, (20. 07 ± 2. 93)mm<'2 >and (11.50 ± 1.94) mm<'2>, respectively. Conclusions MPR can display structures of cochlear and semicircular canals on planes along their central axis. Normative measurements on these MPR images derive excellent repeatability and provide reliable morphologic parameters of inner ear structures.     

内耳CT形态学测量方法的探讨

Objective The aim of this study was to find an accurate and feasible measurement technique for the inner ear structures using computed tomograpby and to check the inter-observer agreement. Methods Sixty patients without abnormal structure of temporal bones confirmed by means of high-resolution computed tomograpby were included in this study. The multi-planar reformations (MPR) were performed to show the maximum profile of cochlear, and to measure the height and width of cochlear. Areas of bony island encircled by three semicircular canals were measured on the MPR images that could show the whole canal. The data measured by two readers independently was compared to check the inter-observer agreement. Results The application of MPR yielded satisfactory anatomic presentation of inner ear for radiologic measurements. There was good inter-observer agreement revealed by the paired t-test and correlation analysis (P > 0. 05, r > 0. 9). The height of cochlear(x±s) was (4. 26± 0. 28) mm while the width of cochlear was (7.03 ±0. 39)ram. The areas of bony islands encircled by the anterior, posterior and lateral semicircular canals were (25.49 ± 3. 84)mm<'2>, (20. 07 ± 2. 93)mm<'2 >and (11.50 ± 1.94) mm<'2>, respectively. Conclusions MPR can display structures of cochlear and semicircular canals on planes along their central axis. Normative measurements on these MPR images derive excellent repeatability and provide reliable morphologic parameters of inner ear structures.     

内耳CT形态学测量方法的探讨

Objective The aim of this study was to find an accurate and feasible measurement technique for the inner ear structures using computed tomograpby and to check the inter-observer agreement. Methods Sixty patients without abnormal structure of temporal bones confirmed by means of high-resolution computed tomograpby were included in this study. The multi-planar reformations (MPR) were performed to show the maximum profile of cochlear, and to measure the height and width of cochlear. Areas of bony island encircled by three semicircular canals were measured on the MPR images that could show the whole canal. The data measured by two readers independently was compared to check the inter-observer agreement. Results The application of MPR yielded satisfactory anatomic presentation of inner ear for radiologic measurements. There was good inter-observer agreement revealed by the paired t-test and correlation analysis (P > 0. 05, r > 0. 9). The height of cochlear(x±s) was (4. 26± 0. 28) mm while the width of cochlear was (7.03 ±0. 39)ram. The areas of bony islands encircled by the anterior, posterior and lateral semicircular canals were (25.49 ± 3. 84)mm<'2>, (20. 07 ± 2. 93)mm<'2 >and (11.50 ± 1.94) mm<'2>, respectively. Conclusions MPR can display structures of cochlear and semicircular canals on planes along their central axis. Normative measurements on these MPR images derive excellent repeatability and provide reliable morphologic parameters of inner ear structures.     

Inner ear cholesteatoma and the preservation of cochlear function

Labyrinthine destruction by direct cholesteatoma invasion has always been considered a serious threat to the inner ear function. A number of reports in the literature have cited both patients who had preservation of hearing despite widespread erosion of the labyrinth by cholesteatoma and patients who had retained auditory function despite surgical removal of the matrix from the labyrinth. In most cases the vestibular portion of the inner ear was invaded but cases of cochlear involvement have been described as well. Twelve cases with pre-operative auditory function preservation despite extensive labyrinthine destruction treated at our Institution are reported. Seven cases retained cochlear function post-operatively. Possible explanations of this occurrence and implications of related with hearing preservation in the presence of widespread inner ear destruction by chronic inflammatory disease are discussed.     

Inner ear anomalies in two cases of trisomy 18

Two cases of trisomy 18 in which temporal bone defects were limited to the inner ears are described. Several abnormalities were present that have not been described previously in this syndrome. The first case involved a 1-month-old female infant who died of congenital heart defects. Cochlear nerve fibers were absent on the left side, with near-normal innervation on the right. Although the organ of Corti was present bilaterally, some of the outer hair cells were deformed, having small rounded cell bodies unsupported by Deiters' cells. On the right, similar abnormal cells were found in the tunnel of Corti. Vestibular defects in this case included reduced nerve supply of the left saccular macula, cysts in the superior and posterior cristae, and absence of the utriculoendolymphatic valve. The second case involved a newborn male infant with multiple congenital anomalies. The major cochlear defect was a deformity of the stria vascularis. In the lower apical turn, the stria was adherent to Reissner's membrane and extended beneath it into scala media. Large capillaries, which ran freely suspended in scala vestibuli, entered the upper portion of the stria. Severe atresia of the lateral and posterior semicircular ducts was found in the vestibular apparatus.     

Symposium: Congenital anomalies of the middle ear. II. Vascular anomalies of the middle ear.

Of all the abnormal situations that one encounters in performing a tympanotomy, probably the last one to be thought of is vascular anomalies, and yet, potentially, this is one of the most hazardous of anomalous problems with which we have to deal. Most of the anomalies which have been reported concern the persistent stapedial artery. This artery arises from the stump of the second aortic arch (stapedio-hyoid artery), it traverses the developing stapes bone, leaving behind a monument to its existence - the obturator foramen of the stapes. The artery exits from the middle ear along the horizontal portion of the facial nerve, traversing this area for a variable distance and then usually divides into an intra-cranial branch and a sphenoidal branch. The stapedial artery in its development before its regression, gives rise to the anlage of many important cranial arteries. These vessels are usually anastomosed with and distributed by the branches of the internal maxillary artery and the ophthalmic artery. The hyoid artery is represented in the adult by the carotico tympanic artery. Anomalies involving the internal carotid artery are much more rare. The anomalies that have thus far been reported are: 1. Absence of the internal carotids. 2. Aneurysms. 3. Unusual courses. Venous anomalies are generally uncommon and are usually represented by an abnormally placed jugular bulb which can simulate a glomus jugulari tumor.     

Symposium: Congenital anomalies of the middle ear. III. Congenital anomalies of the middle ear.

Congenital anomalies of the middle ear have been considered rare. The tremendous volume of middle ear surgery performed during the last 15 years has brought attention to numerous anomalies of the facial nerve, ossicles, and middle ear cleft, suggesting that middle ear anomalies are not as rare as once believed. This paper discusses anomalies of the descending and horizontal facial nerve which have been previously reported. The literature of anomalies of the ossicles is reviewed. A very rare anomaly of the carotid artery presenting in the middle ear is described and its surgical treatment outlined. Two anomalies of the middle ear associated with other branchial arch anomalies are reported and their treatment results discussed.     

Loudness growth functions and EABR characteristics in Digisonic cochlear implantees.

Electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses (EABRs) and loudness functions were measured in 14 subjects equipped with an MXM Digisonic cochlear implant. EABRs were evoked by 75-Hz pulse trains presented on the apical electrode. Loudness functions at the same rate and at a rate more conventional for psychoacoustic measurements (300 Hz) were measured using a categorical loudness-scaling procedure. The results revealed a significant difference in the loudness functions measured at 75 and 300 Hz, loudness increasing more steeply with stimulus intensity for the latter rate. Significant correlations between EABR wave V thresholds and perceptual thresholds measured at both 75 and 300 Hz were observed. Furthermore, in 8 out of the 14 patients, EABR wave V saturated at a stimulus level corresponding precisely to the loudest bearable, i.e. "Too loud" level for the 300-Hz stimulation rate; this same level corresponded to the "Comfortable" loudness level for the 75-Hz stimulation rate. On average, an almost linear relationship was observed over the first half of the loudness range between the stimulus intensity, expressed as a pulse duration in log units, and wave V amplitude in dB. Although further investigation is required before maximum comfort levels can be predicted reliably from EABR measures in individual subjects, these results indicate new directions regarding the estimation of perceptual dynamic range limits on the basis of EABR measures in cochlear implantees.