2014-2017年常州市金坛区公共场所公共用品卫生检测结果分析

目的了解金坛区公共场所公共用品用具卫生状况,为卫生监督提供依据和技术支持。方法对2014-2017年金坛区各类公共场所公共用品卫生监测结果进行分析。结果 2017年室内环境监测合格率最高为97.76%,2014年最低为94.91%,各年合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=53.159,P0.05)。各类公共场所室内环境检测合格率按高到低依次为理发美容店(98.02%)、旅店业(96.14%)、公共浴室(95.31%)文化娱乐场所(94.77%)、体育场所(91.67%)、商场(书店)(90.08%),就诊与交通场所(82.35%),各类公共场所室内环境检测合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=193.869,P0.05)。公共用品总体检测合格率为96.29%。浴巾的检测合格率最差,其中旅店为94.44%、公共浴室为92.65%。理发和美容店毛巾检测合格率只有94.04%。结论金坛区公共场所用品用具的卫生状况整体情况较好,个别类型场所和公共用品检测结果偏低应引起足够的重视,需进一步加强卫生监督监测,不断提高公共场所的卫生安全质量。     

唐山市丰润区公共场所公共用品卫生监测结果

目的了解唐山市丰润区公共场所公共用品的卫生状况,为监督管理工作提供科学依据。方法按照GB/T 17220-1998《公共场所卫生检测技术规范》,对丰润区4类公共场所的公共用品和空气采样进行了微生物学检测。结果共检测各类样品1 804份,合格1 635份,合格率为90.63%;旅店业合格率最高,公共浴室合格率最低,其中以浴缸和拖鞋合格率最低;空气质量的优劣依次为旅店业、美容美发业、公共浴室、文化娱乐场所。结论丰润区文化娱乐场所空气和洗浴业公共用品的卫生状况较差,应加强公共场所卫生管理工作。     

2014年上海市奉贤区公共场所卫生监测结果分析

摘要:目的　充分掌握本区公共场所的卫生状况,促进经营单位加强管理,提高本区公共场所卫生水平,预防控制疾病传播和群体性健康危害事件的发生,保障广大市民身体健康。方法　随机抽取我区11类76家各类公共场所,对其中的空气、水质、公共场所用品（顾客用具和卫生设施）进行监测,采用卡方检验对合格率进行统计学分析。结果　共监测各类公共场所室内环境559项次,合格559项次,合格率100%;监测公共场所（游泳池、浴室、足浴）水质137项次,合格129项次,合格率94.16%,其中浴室水合格率最高,为100%,足浴水合格率最低,为80%,各类水质合格率差异有统计学意义（P＝0.013）;监测公共用品涉及的公共场所320项次,合格305项次,合格率95.31%,其中,餐饮类场所合格率最低,为46.15%,理发美容店合格率最高,为100%,各类场所合格率差异有统计学意义（P＝0.001）;不同种类公共场所公共用品158件,合格143件,合格率90.51%,其中理发美容工具类合格率最高,为100％,健身房的器械把手最低,为50％,不同种类公共用品监测结果差别有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。结论　奉贤区公共场所卫生状况总体水平较好,但个别类型场所和种类的公共用品卫生状况不容乐观,应进一步加强卫生监督监测,不断提高公共用品的卫生安全性。     

石嘴山市大武口区2013年公共场所卫生监测结果

目的了解石嘴山市大武口区公共场所卫生状况,加强公共场所的卫生管理,以提高卫生质量。方法按照《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》和《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》、《公共场所卫生标准》的要求进行现场卫生监测和评价。结果公共场所一般卫生状况良好,公共用品监测2301份,其中旅店业927份,美发美容941份,公共浴室84份,文化娱乐场所349份,其监测合格率分别为98．o％、99．o％、90．5％、99．4。住宿场所、洗浴场所、文化娱乐场所、美容发美容场所室内环境监测合格率分别为91．5％、90．4％、89．1％、97．5％。结论主要不合格指标为可吸入颗粒物,今后应加大公共场所监管力度,加强对公共场所卫生监督监测。     

2018年襄阳市公共场所卫生监测分析

目的了解襄阳市公共场所的卫生状况,评价健康风险,确保公共场所的公共健康安全。方法按照GB/T 18204.1～6《公共场所卫生检验方法》和GB 9663-1996《旅店业卫生标准》、GB 9665-1996《公共浴室卫生标准》、GB 9666-1996《理发店、美容店卫生标准》、GB 9667》容店准》《游泳场所卫生标准》、GB 9672》容店准》《公共交通等候室卫生标准》的要求,对50家公共场所的室内空气、公共用品用具和游泳池水质进行了监测和评价。结果共抽检样本3 945项次,3 476项次合格,总合格率88.11%。室内空气的合格率为76.92%,各场所间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。不合格指标主要有噪声、湿度、可吸入颗粒物PM10;公共用品用具的合格率为94.70%,沐浴场所、美容美发店的合格率较低分别为89.06%和91.49%,不同场所的合格率差异有统计学意义(P0.01);游泳池水质合格率仅为64.80%,不合格指标主要有尿素,游离性余氯,菌落总数、大肠菌群。结论襄阳市公共游泳馆、公共场所室内空气卫生状况较差。     

2017年三门峡市某区公共场所卫生监测微生物检测结果分析

目的对三门峡市某区公共场所卫生监测微生物项目进行分析,为当地卫生监督工作提供依据。方法选取2017年1-12月三门峡市某区的公共卫生场所作为主要的监测对象,包括美容美发店、宾馆旅店、文化娱乐场所和商场。监测项目为公共场所中的空气细菌总数和公共用品用具微生物,并采用χ^2检验对其监测合格率进行分析比较。结果本次共监测246家公共卫生场所,监测率为85.12%(246/289),包括美发店154家、宾馆旅店47家、文化娱乐场所30家和商场15家。公共场所空气共检测空气样本700份,合格633份,总合格率为90.47%,不同场所合格率差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=6.429,P<0.001),以美容美发店空气细菌总数合格率最低(85.29%)。在公共用品用具微生物监测中,宾馆旅店细菌总数合格166份,合格率为82.18%(166/202),理发店、美容店细菌总数合格383份,合格率为93.61%(383/409)。结论该地区公共场所的卫生状况不容乐观,特别应加大对宾馆、旅店的督查力度,并提高相关从业人员的卫生意识和经营管理者自身的卫生素质,严格落实消毒隔离制度。     

2009～2011年青岛市崂山区公共场所卫生监测结果分析

目的了解青岛市崂山区公共场所的卫生状况,以便加强对其卫生监督和管理。方法对2009～2011年青岛市崂山区202家公共场所的卫生监测资料进行分析。结果 2009～2011年合计监测样品总数2663份,合格2544份,合格率为95.53%。监测合格率,三年分别为94.31%、95.19%和96.46%;旅店业为95.74%,商场(店)为84.18%,公共交通等候室为100%,文化娱乐场所为97.62%,体育馆为100%,理发店、美容店为98.44%;空气细菌总数合格率为92.84%,可吸入颗粒物为95.52%,一氧化碳为95.66%,二氧化碳为96.27%,公共用品大肠菌群合格率为99.54%,台面照度合格率为98.71%,噪声合格率为81.08%。结论崂山区公共场所卫生状况良好,按类别分商场(店)合格率最低,按监测项目分噪声合格率最低。     

2012年南昌市东湖区旅店业卫生监测结果分析

目的 了解南昌市东湖区旅店业公共用品、用具卫生状况和室内空气质量,为卫生监督管理工作提供科学依据.方法 根据《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》和《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》,对辖区内旅店业进行卫生监测.结果 共对257家住宿场所进行了卫生监测,监测公共用品、用具2 903份,合格2 713份,合格率为93.46％.其中以床上卧具合格率最高,达97.18％;茶具最低,为80.24％.室内环境监测3 709项次,合格3 425项次,合格率为92.34％;不同类型住宿场所中,3星级及以上旅店合格率最高,普通旅店、招待所合格率最低.结论 东湖区旅店业总体卫生状况较好,但也存在一定问题,应加强卫生监管力度.     

延平区2012年公共场所卫生监测分析

目的了解南平市延平区公共场所的卫生状况,找出存在的问题,为制定管理措施提供依据。方法按GB/T18204-2000《公共场所卫生标准检测方法》,抽取部分有代表性的旅店、美容美发、歌舞厅采样监测,用仪器法检测空气,用试纸斑贴法检测饮具和公共用品。按GB/T 17220-1998《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》进行监测,按《公共场所卫生标准》进行卫生学评价。结果 2012年共监测旅店业102户次408项次,合格率94.4%;美容美发业220户次880项次,合格率94.3%;文化娱乐场所100户次400项次,合格率80.5%,以文化娱乐场所合格率最低。美容美发业的噪声、公共用品消毒合格率最高（97.3%和93.2%）,旅店业的空气细菌总数合格率最高（93.1%）,合格率最低的是娱乐场所噪声（85.0%）、空气细菌总数（71.0%）和公共用品消毒效果（76.0%）。结论影响公共场所空气卫生质量主要以微生物污染为主。以娱乐场所合格率最低,建议加强监督监测。     

2011—2013年清远市公共场所卫生检测结果

目的了解清远市公共场所卫生质量状况,找出影响其卫生质量的主要因素,为加强公共场所的卫生监督管理提供依据。方法按照"公共场所监测技术规范"和"公共场所卫生标准检验方法"的要求对清远市公共场所的空气及公共用品进行抽样和检测,按照"公共场所卫生标准"及"公共场所用品卫生标准"进行分析和评价。结果 2011—2013年共监测公共场所空气样品6 342份,总合格率为90.81%。医院候诊室空气合格率最高(95.00%),公共交通等候室最低(84.48%)。公共用品共监测50 840份,总合格率为90.35%。美容美发工具类合格率最高(98.84%),拖鞋最低(78.02%)。旅店业卫生质量合格率最高(95.10%),文化娱乐场所最低(77.55%)。结论清远市公共场所的卫生质量总体水平良好,但公共交通等候室的空气及文化娱乐场所的公共用品卫生状况不容乐观,其卫生质量有待进一步提高,应加强卫生监督管理。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.