广东自来水中总放射性水平调查

本文报告了广东省12个市县24个水厂自来水中总放射性水平。总α放射性比活度为3.6±2.2×10~(-2)Bq/L。总β放射性比活度为8.2±4.2×10~(-2)Bq/L。水厂净化过程的去除放射性效率总α放射性平均为45.4%,总β放射性平均为25.4%。结果表明,我省自来水中的总α和总β放射性比活度绝大部分均低于国家生活饮用水限制量标准,饮用是安全的。     

张家港市生活饮用水中总α、总β放射性水平调查

目的评价张家港市生活饮用水总α、总β放射水平。方法使用PAB-6000Ⅱ低本底α/β测量仪,按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法放射性指标》(GB/T5750.13-2006)检测生活饮用水中总α、总β放射性。结果 2014—2016年共采集生活饮用水34份,总α放射性为0.008~0.042Bq/L,平均(0.019±0.009)Bq/L;总β放射性为0.061~0.162Bq/L,平均(0.091±0.031)Bq/L。出厂水与末梢水,枯水期与丰水期水样总α、总β放射性水平差异均无统计学意义(P值均0.05)。结论张家港市生活饮用水中总α、总β放射性水平均达标。     

2008-2013年小清河水中总α、总β放射性水平调查

目的 调查了2008-2013年济南市小清河水中总α、总β放射性水平范围。方法 按照国家标准方法。结果 小清河水中总α活度浓度范围为(0.02~0.17)Bq/L,总α平均活度浓度为0.05 Bq/L;总β活度浓度范围为(0.09~0.23)Bq/L,总β平均活度浓度为0.15 Bq/L。结论 济南市小清河水中总α、总β放射性水平处于正常本底范围。     

湖南省生活饮用水总α、总β放射性水平

目的 通过对湖南省全省生活饮用水的放射性水平的调查,以积累资料。方法 分别采用直接测量法和薄样法测量总α、总β放射性水平。结果 湖南省生活饮用水总α水平为0.001~2.00 Bq/L,总β放射性水平为0.003~0.65 Bq/L。结论 湖南省生活饮用水总α放射性比活度的几何平均值为0.0218 Bq/L,总β放射性比活度的几何均值0.0603 Bq/L能够代表全省的平均水平。     

北京地区饮用水中总α、总β放射性水平调查

目的 调查北京地区饮用水(包括自来水,地表水及市售矿泉水)中总α、总β放射性水平,为环境放射性监测积累本底数据。方法 根据国家《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750-2006)测量水样中的总α、总β放射性。结果 北京地区饮用水中总α比活度为(0.01~8.57)×10^-2 Bq/L,总β比活度为(1.39~55.45)×10^-2 Bq/L。结论 北京地区饮用水中总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。     

丹东市生活饮用水放射性监测分析

目的 了解2009~2011年丹东市生活饮用水的总α、总β放射性指标。方法 按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法放射性指标》的规定的方法。结果 丹东市2009~2011年生活饮用水总α的放射性监测结果平均值为0.044 Bq/L,总β的放射性监测结果平均值为0.075 Bq/L。结论 丹东市2009~2011年生活饮用水的总α、总β放射性指标监测结果符合国家标准要求,能反映丹东市生活饮用水放射性的基本情况。     

对雨水中α和β总放射性水平的调查

了解雨水中α、β总放射性水平,为今后开展外环境辐射评价积累数据,我们采用BH1216低本底α、β放射性测量装置,用241Am和优级纯氯化钾分别作为总α、总β放射性测量的标准源,采用中等厚度相对测量法测定了雨水样品中的α、β总放射性。结果显示,雨水样品的总α放射性水平为0.104~0.151 Bq/L;总β放射性水平为0.103~0.183 Bq/L,β/α比值的平均值为1.10。说明所测的样品尚不能认为受到人工放射性核素的污染。     

重庆市医院污水中放射性物质排放现状调查及评价

目的 调查重庆市医院污水放射性水平状况及其对饮用水的影响。方法 分别采用直接测量法和薄样法测量总α和总β放射性水平,用(谱法对单个核素进行测定。结果 重庆市医院污水总α和总β活度浓度分别在(0.032~0.63)Bq/L和(小于仪器探测下限~0.33)Bq/L之间;流经重庆市的两大江河水系总α和总β放射性活度浓度分别在(0.017~0.11)Bq/L和(小于探测限~0.022)Bq/L之间。结论 重庆市医院放射性污水的排放达到国家排放标准;重庆市两大江河水系放射性水平在正常天然本底范围,未受到放射性核素污染。     

淄博某化工园区周边地下水总α和总β放射性水平调查

目的 调查淄博市某化工园区周边地下水总α和总β放射性浓度水平。方法 按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法放射性指标》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)国家标准方法。结果 某化工园区总α活度浓度范围为0.024~0.399 Bq/L,总β活度浓度范围为0.047~0.251 Bq/L。结论 淄博市某化工园区地下水中总α和总β放射性水平处于正常本底范围,地下水无放射性污染。     

广州军区部分部队生活用水总α、总β放射性水平调查

目的 了解广州军区部队生活饮用水的总α、总β放射性水平。方法 对广州军区部分部队生活饮用水进行采样,应用MPC9604型四路低本底α、β计数器测量仪,用²⁴¹Am和KCl作为α、β放射性测量的标准源,采用中等厚度相对测量法测定样品中的α、β放射性活度浓度。结果 各种样品总α放射性水平为(2.04±1.00)×10^-2~(5.06±4.15)×10^-2 Bq/L,总β放射性水平(3.79±3.41)×10^-2~(6.54±1.78)×10^-2 Bq/L,β/α值为0.95~3.21。结论 本次监测样品均符合国家饮用水标准,未见人工放射性核素污染。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.