超声引导下经皮射频消融治疗中晚期肝癌的临床研究

目的评价B超引导下冷循环射频肿瘤治疗仪射频消融(RFA)治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效及并发症。方法采用超声引导下经皮穿刺冷循环RFA治疗中晚期肝癌25例,其中转移性肝癌8例,原发性肝癌17例。每个病灶进行RFA1～2次。其中8例患者术前给予3次TACE治疗。术后通过增强CT扫描评价疗效。结果10个病灶完全坏死,余15个病灶大部分坏死。随访半年,25例患者现全部存活且生存质量明显提高。结论超声引导下经皮穿刺冷循环RFA治疗中晚期肝癌短期效果满意,值得推广。     

超声造影在肝癌病灶诊断及引导射频消融治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨超声造影（CEUS）在肝恶性肿瘤病灶诊断及引导射频消融（RFA）治疗中的应用价值。方法对经病理确诊并经RFA治疗的56例肝癌患者资料进行回顾性分析,术前比较增强cT、普通彩色多普勒超声（二维＋多普勒）和超声造影对肝癌（原发及转移）的检出率,观察二维及超声造影病灶图像差异及特点。对普通彩色多普勒超声引导组（62个病灶）和超声造影引导组（so个病灶）在术中引导RFA的消融效果进行对比并利用超声造影观察射频消融术后疗效。结果56例肝癌患者,112个病灶（原发灶36个,转移灶76个）。超声造影对肝癌病灶检出率为94．6％（106／112）,增强CT对肝癌病灶检出率为96．4％（108／112）,两者检出率比较差异无统计学意义0（x^2=0．42,P〉O．05）。普通彩色多普勒超声对肝癌病灶检出率为74．1％（83／112）,其与超声造影的检出率差异有统计学意义0（2=16,P〈0．05）。在普通彩色多普勒超声引导下进行RFA完全消融率为69％（43／62）,超声造影引导下完全消融率为84％（42／50）,两者的完全消融率差异无统计学意义舒=1．6,P〉0．05）。结论超声造影在RFA术前对肝脏肿瘤的诊断,术中对病灶的准确定位及实时引导穿刺,术后对手术疗效的随访观察都具有重要的应用价值。     

彩色多普勒超声引导射频消融治疗肝硬化合并小肝癌的疗效观察

目的观察彩色多普勒超声引导下,射频消融治疗肝硬化合并小肝癌患者的临床疗效。方法将120例合并肝硬化的小肝癌患者采用超声引导射频消融治疗,观察其术后近、远期疗效及生存率。结果 120例患者共165个肿瘤,首次完全消融达到80.0%,术后第1、3、5年的总体无瘤生存率分别为80.0%、32.5%、30.0%。肿瘤直径≤3 cm组和>3 cm组比较,≤3 cm组近期疗效优于>3 cm组。结论彩色多普勒超声引导射频消融治疗肝硬化合并小肝癌治疗效果好,对肝功能影响小,并发症少。     

超声引导经皮射频消融治疗肝癌的临床疗效分析

目的：探讨超声引导经皮射频消融治疗肝癌的临床疗效。方法对我院接受超声引导经皮射频消融治疗的56例原发性肝癌患者的临床资料进行分析。结果在术后1周,超声检查显示肝癌病灶为不均匀的回声增强,边界模糊,范围大于原病灶,内无血流信号,1个月后病灶表现为高回声,增强CT示病灶无强化。本组56例患者中8例患者的AFP在正常范围内,为14．29％（8/56）,术前及术后均＜10ng/ml,其余48例患者AFP值均不同程度地增高。结论超声引导下经皮射频消融治疗是一种安全有效的微创治疗法,值得临床推广。     

MRI对经皮肝穿射频消融治疗肝癌的疗效评价

目的 评价MRI对经皮超声引导射频消融治疗肝癌术近期疗效的价值。方法 对80例经皮起声引导射频消融治疗肝癌术中的48例患进行了MRI随访观察。结果 经皮超声引导射频消融治疗肝癌术后病灶随着时间的改变而其MRI表现各有不同。病灶早期(1个月内)T1WI中央区呈高信号或稍高信号，周围呈环行循信号，PDWI和T2WI病灶中央区呈低信号，周围则呈环行高信号。静脉注射Gd—DTPA后中央区无强化，而边缘则呈环行强化。半年后随访病灶则T1WI、PDWI、T2WI则均呈低信号，且无强化。结论 MRI对局部组织损伤后是否存在出血。含铁血黄素的改变，以及判定局部是否存在水肿有着重要的作用。外周环行异常信号区的大小是判断毁损灶大小的最合适标志。其大小与疗效明显相关。     

超声引导下射频消融治疗肝癌安全性与疗效分析

目的探讨超声引导下射频消融方法治疗肝癌的安全性与临床效果。方法选取我院2010年7月-2013年7月收治的35例肝癌患者,共61个病灶实施超声引导下经皮射频消融治疗,观察患者并发症情况及肿瘤消融情况,对比分析治疗前后的甲胎蛋白值、肿瘤大小及瘤体内的血供情况。结果所有病灶均消融成功,无严重并发症发生。经过4-15个月随访,复发13例,均给予再次射频消融。结论经皮射频消融治疗肝癌是一种安全、有效的热消融治疗技术,值得临床推广应用。     

经皮射频消融治疗巨大肝癌

目的总结冷循环射频消融(RFA)治疗巨大肝癌的临床疗效和经验。方法采用CT引导下经皮穿刺冷循环RFA治疗巨大肝癌24例,每个病灶进行射频消融1～4次,其中22例患者结合1～6次TACE治疗,术后通过增强CT或MR评价疗效,所有病例随访12～37个月。结果10例病灶完全坏死,余14例病灶大部分坏死,1年生存率83%,中位生存时间20个月,13例患者现仍存活。结论CT引导下经皮穿刺冷循环RFA治疗巨大肝癌安全、有效。     

3D iGuide穿刺技术在DynaCT引导射频消融治疗大肝癌中的应用

目的：评价3D iGuide穿刺技术在DynaCT引导射频消融（RFA）治疗大肝癌中的可行性及安全性。 方法：选取2016年9-12月在解放军总医院介入放射科住院治疗的孤立性大肝癌患者19例,行DynaCT扫描并选择3D iGuide技术引导射频针穿刺后实施RFA术,评价术后的技术成功率、术中及术后并发症、治疗效果。 结果：19例患者全部操作成功,技术成功率为100%,术中及术后并发症以疼痛为主,并未出现严重并发症;术后1个月影像学复查评估治疗效果,完全缓解（CR）17例、部分缓解（PR）2例。 结论：3D iGuide穿刺技术在DynaCT引导射频消融治疗大肝癌中安全、有效且操作简便,具有极强的可行性,为RFA治疗肝癌提供新的引导方法。     

RSNA 2007聚焦(三)第七部分非血管介入治疗

本次大会的非血管介入的内容有多个单元进行讨论,较为分散,本文编译分类介绍如下。1·射频(热)消融甲状腺:通过对236例患者302个良性结节的治疗,证实超声引导下射频治疗良性甲状腺结节是安全有效。肝癌:①术中射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)治疗用于经皮消融无法实施的     

经皮射频消融治疗膈下肝癌

目的评价CT引导下冷循环射频消融治疗膈下肝癌的可行性和疗效。方法20例肝癌患者共25个膈下病灶在CT引导下行冷循环射频消融治疗,术后复查增强CT或增强MR,观察病灶坏死情况。结果18个病灶完全坏死,病灶完全坏死率72%,其余7个病灶大部分坏死,无严重并发症。结论CT引导下冷循环射频消融术治疗膈下肝癌安全、有效。     

Radiofrequency thermal ablation of liver tumors

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of liver tumors was first proposed in 1990. New technologies enable us to produce liver thermal lesions of approximately 3–3.5 cm in diameter; RFA has consequently become an emerging percutaneous therapeutic option both for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and for non-resectable liver metastases, mainly from colorectal cancer. New devices (for example, triplet of cooled needles, wet needles) and combined therapies (tumor ischemia and RFA) have made it possible to treat large tumors. RFA can be carried out by a percutaneous, laparoscopic or laparotomic approach. Percutaneous RFA can be performed with local anaesthesia and mild sedation; deep sedation or general anaesthesia are also used. The guidance system is generally represented by ultrasound. CT or MR examinations are the more sensitive tests for assessing therapeutic results. The series of patients treated with RFA allow the technique to be considered as effective and safe, achieving a relatively high rate of cure in properly selected cases; it should be classified as curative/effective treatment for HCC, replacing percutaneous ethanol injection. The complication rate of RFA is low but not negligible; key elements in a strategy to minimize them are identified.     

Experiences in US-Guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of 44 Renal Tumors in 31 Patients: Analysis of Predictors for Complications and Technical Success

Purpose Preliminary clinical studies have shown the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) of renal tumors, but only a few have analyzed the prognostic factors for technical success and there are no long-term results. Our objective was to statistically evaluate our mid-term results of percutaneous US-guided RFA in order to define predictors for complications and technical success. Methods We selected for treatment 44 tumors in 31 patients (24 with renal cell carcinoma, 7 with hereditary tumors, 15 with a solitary kidney), up to 5 cm in diameter. Results Eight adverse events occurred; 3 (6.8%) were major complications, successfully treated with interventional radiology procedures in 2 cases. Exophytic extension of the tumor was protective against complications (p = 0.040). Technical success was obtained in 38 lesions after one RFA session and in 39 (89%) after one more session, when possible. At the end of treatment, central extension was the only negative predictor for technical success (p = 0.007), while neither size >3 cm (p = 0.091) nor other prognostic factors were statistically significant. Conclusion US-guided percutaneous RFA can be proposed for non-central renal tumors up to 5 cm, also in patients without surgical contraindications, thanks to a low incidence of complications and a high success rate. Randomized controlled trials versus surgery are now needed to investigate long-term comparative results.     

Percutaneous US-guided RF thermal ablation for malignant renal tumors: preliminary results in 13 patients

Minimally invasive treatment for small renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can be necessary in selected patients and, anyway, is desirable. In situ ablation techniques, including RFA, have been developed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility, safety and short-term local effectiveness of percutaneous US-guided RFA in a small series, as well as mid-term patient outcome. Thirteen patients with a total of 18 tumors (17 small lesions, 35 mm in size or less, and a larger one, 75 mm in size) underwent 19 RFA sessions. Seven patients had a solitary kidney, and three suffered from VHL disease, too. We treated four lesions in a patient with a bilateral tumor. In another patient, three lesions were ablated. Seventeen tumors were RCC; one was a metastasis from lung cancer. Eight lesions were parenchymal, six exophytic, two parenchymal/exophytic, one parenchymal/central and one central. A monopolar RF system with multitined expandable electrode needles was used. The 35-mm lesion underwent two sessions; the 75-mm lesion was treated with transcatheter arterial embolization before RFA. Tumors with complete loss of contrast enhancement at short-term CT (or MR) were considered successfully treated. Percutaneous US-guided RFA was always feasible without major complications. The success rate after a single treatment in tumors less than 35 mm in size was 88.2% (15/17) and rose to 94.1% (16/17) after the second treatment of the largest lesion. After a mean 14-month follow-up, no successfully treated lesions recurred locally. Only the patient with metastasis from lung cancer died from disease progression in a further location, while all other patients are alive, with renal function still sufficient to avoid dialysis. US guidance allows an easy and safe percutaneous approach for RFA of small non-parahilar RCC. The treatment is locally effective and can be proposed as a minimally invasive therapy for patients with contraindications to surgery or to those expressing an informed consent. Based on the results of this study and of the literature, mid-term results on the clinical usefulness are very encouraging.Presented at ECR 2003.     

Radiofrequency Ablation of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Preliminary Experience

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous ultrasound (US)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA) in a small, nonrandomized series. From February 2004 to July 2008, six patients (four men and two women; mean age 69.8 years [range 48 to 83]) with ICCA underwent percutaneous US-guided RFA. Preintervetional transarterial embolization was performed in two cases to decrease heat dispersion during RFA in order to increase the area of ablation. The efficacy of RFA was evaluated using contrast-enhanced dynamic computed tomography (CT) 1 month after treatment and then every 3 months thereafter. Nine RFA sessions were performed for six solid hepatic tumors in six patients. The duration of follow-up ranged from 13 to 21 months (mean 17.5). Posttreatment CT showed total necrosis in four of six tumors after one or two RFA sessions. Residual tumor was observed in two patients with larger tumors (5 and 5.8 cm in diameter). All patients tolerated the procedure, and there with no major complications. Only 1 patient developed post-RFA syndrome (pain, fever, malaise, and leukocytosis), which resolved with oral administration of acetaminophen. Percutaneous RFA is a safe and effective treatment for patients with hepatic tumors: It is ideally suited for those who are not eligible for surgery. Long-term follow-up data regarding local and systemic recurrence and survival are still needed.     

超声引导下经皮Nd－YAG激光治疗肝癌的临床研究

超声引导下经皮穿刺肿瘤导入光纤激光凝固治疗肝癌２２例。结果激光引起的肿瘤变性、坏死范围与声像图上回声的改变有良好的相关性。治疗后表现为肿块回声增强，肿瘤内及周边血流信号显著减少，１０例ＡＦＰ（甲胎蛋白）升高者，９例明显下降，６例降至正常，７例治疗后再次活检，５例肿瘤呈完全性坏死，２例呈大部分坏死。本研究结果表明，超声引导下激光治疗肝癌对于小肝癌（直径＜３ｃｍ）可达到肿瘤完全性坏死的较好疗效。     

射频消融治疗化疗栓塞后肝癌

目的 评价射频消融治疗化疗栓塞后肝癌的临床疗效.方法 97例经病理证实的原发性肝癌患者在经过多次栓塞后仍有肿瘤残余,且均存在无法再栓塞的困难.所有患者均予CT导引下的肿瘤射频消融术.术后监测AFP的动态变化及肝脏CT或MRI的结果来评价疗效.结果 93例(96%)患者在12个月随访内无肿瘤复发征象,仅有4例患者出现了局灶复发和远处转移.结论 化疗栓塞术结合射频消融术是治疗肝癌的一种有效的联合治疗手段.     

多次肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融在肝癌治疗中的临床应用

目的评价多次肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合射频消融(RFA)治疗肝癌的临床疗效。方法对经多次TACE治疗后仍有肿瘤残余的10例肝癌患者分别行B超引导下射频消融治疗,术后随访监测甲胎蛋白(AFP)的动态变化及肝脏CT表现来评价疗效。结果 RFA治疗后3~6个月,生存率为100%,其中9例患者AFP<400 ng/mL,CT检查无肿瘤复发征象者8例,有肿瘤复发征象者2例。9~12个月复查,8例患者AFP<400 ng/mL,CT增强扫描未发现肿瘤复发征象;有肿瘤复发征象的患者2例,再次行射频消融治疗。8例患者随访时间达到24个月,其中6例患者AFP<400 ng/mL,CT增强扫描未发现肿瘤复发者7例;1例患者死亡。结论多次TACE联合射频消融为中晚期肝癌治疗提供了新的治疗思路与途径。     

Risk factors for recurrence of small hepatocellular carcinoma after long-term follow-up of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as a local therapy for liver cancer is widely used. The study is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of RFA on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and identify the risk factors for recurrence. Clinical records of 124 patients with 135 small HCC with percutaneous RFA as a first-line treatment modality were evaluated in Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital from October 2001 to December 2006. With a median follow-up period of 46 months after RFA therapy, the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year cumulative survival rates and disease-free survival rates were 91, 70, 61, 48 and 40% and 64, 44, 31, 24 and 24%, respectively. The total recurrence and metastasis rates were 50 and 6.5%, respectively. Independent risk factors for recurrence after RFA included tumor with diameter more than 3 cm, located near the intrahepatic blood vessels, subcapsular locations and PT prolonged more than 3 s. Severe complications occurred in 2 cases (1.6%), including biliary tract hemorrhage and subphrenic effusion. RFA appears to be a safe and effective treatment for HCC. It will benefit the efficacy of RFA therapy if those risk factors are considered during the clinical practice.     

Radiofrequency Ablation for Viable Hepatocellular Carcinoma around Retained Iodized Oil after Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization: Usefulness of Biplane Fluoroscopy Plus Ultrasound Guidance

Objective

To assess the technical feasibility and local efficacy of biplane fluoroscopy plus US-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for viable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) around retained iodized oil after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Materials and Methods

Our prospective study was approved by our institutional review board and informed consent was obtained from all participating patients. For patients with viable HCC around retained iodized oil after TACE, biplane fluoroscopy plus US-guided RFA was performed. We evaluated the rate of technical success and major complications on a post-RFA CT examination and local tumor progression with a follow-up CT.

Results

Among 40 consecutive patients, 19 were excluded due to one of the following reasons: poorly visible HCC on fluoroscopy (n = 13), high risk location (n = 2), RFA performed under monoplane fluoroscopy and US guidance (n = 2), and poorly identifiable new HCCs on US (n = 2). The remaining 21 patients with 21 viable HCCs were included. The size of total tumors ranged from 1.4 to 5.0 cm (mean: 3.2 cm) in the longest diameter. Technical success was achieved for all 21 HCCs, and major complications were observed in none of the patients. During the follow-up period (mean, 20.3 months; range, 6.5-29.9 months), local tumor progression was found in two patients (2/21, 9.5%). Distant intrahepatic metastasis developed in 76.2% (16/21) of patients.

Conclusion

When retained iodized oil around the tumor after TACE hampers the targeting of the viable tumor for RFA, biplane fluoroscopy plus US-guided RFA may be performed owing to its technical feasibility and effective treatment for viable HCCs.