应用虚拟营销网络提升制药企业核心竞争力

目的:为我国制药企业提升核心竞争力提供一种新思路,并为其构建虚拟营销网络提供建议。方法:对虚拟经营、虚拟营销网络的概念及理论依据进行阐述,结合制药企业的现状进行分析、论证。结果与结论:虚拟营销网络是一种新的发展思路,企业应通过与经销商建立规范的合作关系以防范风险,推动企业核心竞争力的提升。     

虚拟数字人赋能网络药店应用框架初探

目的：探讨解决传统网络药店药学服务提供不到位、药店难以掌握消费者真实需求、平台品牌传播力有限等诸多问题的措施。方法：建立基于虚拟数字人的网络药店应用系统框架,对传统网络药店进行升级改造。结果：示范应用表明,虚拟数字人明显提升了消费者对网络药店平台的忠诚度,使消费者懂得更多合理科学用药的知识,平台好评和销售额显著增长。结论：虚拟数字人是元宇宙时代网络药店发展的必然方向,虚拟数字人为网络药店服务的高质量发展提供了一种新的方案。     

基于unity3D的虚拟仿真手术训练体系在临床医学生教学中的应用研究

随着科学新技术的兴起和社会公众健康意识的逐渐提高,培养适应健康中国发展要求的高素质医学人才显得十分迫切。临床医学教学在新时代下的方式、方法是多元化的。时下兴起的包括医学模拟教学、临床医师组织的基于问题的学习法（PBL）、案例学习法（CBL）、团队学习法（TBL）教学、可视化虚拟解剖教学等等。这些教学方式的出现极大提高了医学生的学习兴趣,为学生的学习赋予了更多的灵活性,能够帮助学生充分理解医学知识。现代化临床医学学科是一门对学员要求极其严苛的科学,学生不仅要对书本知识融会贯通,还要具有一定的动手操作能力。实践是理论与临床联系的桥梁,虚拟现实（VR）技术近年来突飞猛进,也掀开了医学界的华丽篇章。随着多媒体技术、医学仿真技术、可视化虚拟教学等新教学方法的出现和飞速发展,虚拟仿真教学模式在临床医学教学中的应用也日益突出。虚拟模拟操作训练系统是虚拟模拟教学中十分重要的环节。因其具有无损伤性、可计划性、可反复操作性、低代价、高性价比、节约资源等优点,现已成为临床医生术前规划及手术训练的重要方法。本文就基于unity3D的虚拟仿真手术训练体系在临床医学教学中的应用研究展开调查及分析。     

医学影像技术在肝脏虚拟手术的应用

肝脏虚拟手术是依托当前高度发达的生物医学和信息科学技术的支撑而形成的一种全新的肝脏手术理念和技术体系.如何做到精准肝切除是现代外科的主要科学技术和研究方向,而医学影像技术的肝脏虚拟手术使之成为可能.本文通过复习关于医学影像的肝脏虚拟手术文献报道,提高医学影像学在精准肝切除应用的认识.     

虚拟实验教学系统在中等职业医学教育的应用

医学实验是中等职业医学教育的一个重要组成部分,是培养实用型、复合型人才的重要方法之一。传统的实验教学已经不能满足新形势下的教学要求,从而面临各种各样的问题。虚拟实验教学系统是运用虚拟现实技术模拟真实实验情境软件。用仿真软件组建的虚拟实验室,在实践教学中有益于开拓实验路径,增加学生动手实践机会,是传统实验教学的重要变革。     

医学院校医用有机化学虚拟仿真教学实验的设计与应用

本研究探讨了在医学院校中,医用有机化学虚拟仿真实验项目的构建思路、实现模式及应用效果。建设了体现化学和医学密切融合的医用有机化学虚拟仿真实验,并在医学专业本科生中进行应用。结果发现,医用有机化学虚拟仿真实验能够较好地弥补传统化学实验的不足,加深学生对理论知识的理解与运用,对提高学生综合分析解决问题的能力、培养创新意识及拓宽知识面均有积极的促进作用,同时也为医学专业化学类实验课教学改革提供可借鉴的经验和思路。     

虚拟经济成长的动因、轨迹及其特点分析

近几十年来 ,全球虚拟经济迅猛发展 ,其成交量相当于实体经济贸易成交量的几十倍。然而 ,对虚拟经济的研究近几年才开始 ,而且多属探索性的 ,在经济学界尚未广泛深入开展。这可能是由于虚拟经济的复杂性、混沌性增加了研究的难度。文章从虚拟经济成长动因入手 ,分析了虚拟经济成长轨迹及其特点。虚拟经济经过了缓慢发展和飞速发展两个阶段。从虚拟经济成长动因、发展过程、对社会经济的影响来看 ,其主要特点有 :依附与独立并存、融资与泡沫并存、优化与破坏并存、风险化小与风险剧增并存、稳定与起伏并存等两极性特点     

改变传统的医学临床实践教学模式——虚拟医学教学环境的构建

随着医科院校招生规模的不断扩大,《医疗事故处理条例》的出台及病人维权意识的明显增强,临床实践教学出现了可供学生学习实践病源不足、典型病历缺乏等问题,大大地影响了医学实践教学的质量。为了尽快改善这种状况,使学生获得更好的学习效果,应该尝试把虚拟现实技术引入医学实践教学中来。利用3DS MAX构建虚拟的医学教学环境是近年来比较创新且有较好实际效果的做法,也是未来临床实践教学的趋势。     

网络环境中的循证医学与特区医院图书馆员的关系

网络环境中的医学信息资源主要是因特网上有关网站上的医学信息和单位购买可在局域网上提供医学专题数据库。网络环境构筑虚拟图书馆，电子图书馆崭新的发展时期，也为循证医学的实践带来新的思考：以临床医务人员为中心，以网络为基础，按循证医学的要求，提高图书馆员的综合素质，全方位地为临床服务。     

关于网络环境下医学图书馆馆藏资源建设的思考

<正>网络环境赋予医学图书馆馆藏文献资源新的内涵。它不再局限于平版印刷型文献资源,也不再单纯指新兴的电子文献和网络虚拟资源,而是一个复合概念,是现实与虚拟共同组成的一个知识体系,是网络化、具体化、集成化的馆藏资源多元化体系。     

A virtual clean room to teach USP 797 regulations for intravenous medications

Objective

To provide a virtual environment for pharmacy students to learn United States Pharmacopeia Chapter 797 (USP 797) requirements, while recognizing the role of pharmacists in the safe use of intravenous (IV) medications.

Design

A virtual laboratory was created that included stations for IV medications, product verification, medication safety, and patient cases pertaining to high-alert medications. Pharmacy students used 3-D glasses and a wireless controller to navigate through the session and identify violations of USP 797 regulations.

Assessment

Preassessments and postassessments were administered to students who completed the session in each of the 2 years it was offered. In the first year, 88% of students strongly agreed or agreed that the sessions met their expectation. Following their APPE clerkship, 92% of these students felt the virtual IV room prepared them for the IV clean room experience. In the second year, 88% of students felt the experience enhanced their understanding of clean room procedures. After session completion, 75% of participants perceived medication errors to be more significant. Written examinations also were administered and students'' mean scores improved significantly compared to those of students'' prior to implementation of the session (89.6% in year 0; 91.2% in year 1; and 96.1% in year 2).

Conclusion

The immersive virtual environment is a contemporary and effective way to teach USP 797 requirements and enhance the awareness of medication errors.     

Viability of Virtual Skills-based Assessments Focused on Communication

Objective. To evaluate faculty and student perceptions of and performance on virtual skills-based assessments focused on communication compared to in-person assessments.Methods. In spring 2020, virtual skills-based assessments were conducted. After all assessments were completed, two 12-item questionnaires, one for students and one for the faculty members who conducted the assessment, were designed to assess perceptions of virtual skills-based assessments. The surveys were distributed via an online platform to second- and third-year (P2 and P3) pharmacy students and to faculty who had participated in a virtual skills-based assessment. Scores from the spring 2020 virtual skills-based assessment were compared to scores on the in-person skills-based assessment that took place in spring 2019.Results. Of the 19 faculty and 279 students invited to participate, 18 (94.7%) faculty and 241 (86.4%) students responded. The majority of faculty (88.9%) and students (63.5%) perceived the virtual skills-based assessments to be effective at simulating an interaction. However, only 33.3% of faculty and 28.6% of students preferred the virtual environment. There was not a significant difference in student performance between in-person and virtual assessments for patient consultation and SOAP note skills.Conclusion. Providing sufficient formative and summative feedback to pharmacy students is a challenge, particularly in the context of skills-based assessments. Students and faculty reported that the virtual assessment provided an opportunity for an appropriate assessment of student communication skills. However, a strong preference for using virtual skills-based assessments in the future was not observed.     

中药活性成分的高通量筛选新技术

以近年来国内外研究文献为基础,总结概括了近5年来中药活性成分的高通量筛选新技术的进展情况。其中生物色谱技术、芯片技术和计算机辅助虚拟筛选等技术得到了广泛应用。这些新技术在中药活性成分筛选方面,比起传统方法具有效率高、自动化、通量高的优点,可以为中药活性成分的高通量筛选提供新思路。     

加强互联网药品广告的监管

目的 为营造一个规范的互联网药品信息发布环境提供建议.方法 界定互联网药品广告的范围和特征,对我国互联网药品广告发展现状和监管情况进行深入分析,对比研究了美国和欧洲的互联网药品信息发布规范、互联网药店的管理机制,在借鉴国外先进成功的监管经验基础上,从监管制度、监管技术和信息服务等方面提出了加强我国互联网药品广告监管的若干建议.结果与结论 互联网药品广告由于其数字虚拟性和可链接的特点,随着网络的普及,如何安全、良性地推动互联网药品广告及医药电子商务的发展成为食品药品监管部门面临的重要而紧迫的任务.     

复方虫草利湿益肾丸对小鼠虚喘证候模型的影响

目的观察复方虫草利湿益肾丸对小鼠虚喘证候模型的治疗作用。方法以木瓜蛋白酶肺气肿疾病模型联合糖皮质激素制作虚喘证候模型,用系列检测指标进行论证。结果复方虫草利湿益肾丸对虚喘证候模型用药治疗后,各剂量组动物的状态明显好转,其外观状态与空白对照组相似;本品9.0g.kg-1组能缓解氢化可的松造成的小鼠体质量下降(P<0.05);9.0和4.5g.kg-1组可明显提高虚喘证候模型小鼠体温(P<0.05);9.0和4.5g.kg-1组小鼠自主活动次数显著高于虚喘模型对照组(P<0.05～0.01),提示复方虫草利湿益肾丸具有改善小鼠虚喘证候模型体征作用。9.0和4.5g.kg-1组能明显延长虚喘证候模型小鼠低温游泳存活时间(P<0.05),提示复方虫草利湿益肾丸能明显增强虚喘证候模型小鼠耐寒耐疲劳能力;9.0,4.5和2.25g.kg-1组能使虚喘证候模型小鼠胸腺指数显著升高(P<0.01),明显改善虚喘证候模型小鼠胸腺萎缩状况。结论复方虫草利湿益肾丸对虚喘证候模型小鼠有明显的治疗作用。     

药物重定位候选药物筛选路径

相对传统新药研发模式,药物重定位策略发现药物新用途具有显著的成本效益优势,能加快药物上市步伐,满足恶性肿瘤、罕见病、个性化医疗等特定领域药物临床用药需求,因而被各界关注。本文主要介绍了药物重定位的一般流程与候选药物筛选路径,如从非理性设计方法向基于相似性、基于结构虚拟筛选、推理与机器学习等理性设计方法发现重定位药物的系统性转变。     

Promotion of Self-directed Learning Using Virtual Patient Cases

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of virtual patient cases to promote self-directed learning (SDL) in a required advanced therapeutics course.Design. Virtual patient software based on a branched-narrative decision-making model was used to create complex patient case simulations to replace lecture-based instruction. Within each simulation, students used SDL principles to learn course objectives, apply their knowledge through clinical recommendations, and assess their progress through patient outcomes and faculty feedback linked to their individual decisions. Group discussions followed each virtual patient case to provide further interpretation, clarification, and clinical perspective.Assessments. Students found the simulated patient cases to be organized (90%), enjoyable (82%), intellectually challenging (97%), and valuable to their understanding of course content (91%). Students further indicated that completion of the virtual patient cases prior to class permitted better use of class time (78%) and promoted SDL (84%). When assessment questions regarding material on postoperative nausea and vomiting were compared, no difference in scores were found between the students who attended the lecture on the material in 2011 (control group) and those who completed the virtual patient case on the material in 2012 (intervention group).Conclusion. Completion of virtual patient cases, designed to replace lectures and promote SDL, was overwhelmingly supported by students and proved to be as effective as traditional teaching methods.     

Combining ligand-based and structure-based drug design in the virtual screening arena

The aim of virtual high-throughput screening is the identification of biologically relevant molecules among either tangible or virtual (large) collections of compounds. Likewise, high-throughput screening (HTS) and high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) methods are becoming very important within the drug discovery process. HTVS methods can be categorised as either ‘ligand-based’ or ‘structure-based’ depending on if a direct knowledge of the three-dimensional target structure is required. A summary of the most promising computational approaches is reviewed. Advantages and shortcomings of the methodology are also discussed.     

虚拟电子实验室的设计与应用

介绍了一个基于校园网的虚拟电子实验系统平台。该系统平台给用户提供了具有真实感的实验环境、方便快捷的操作功能以及全面强大的仿真功能。该虚拟电子实验系统已经在我院本科教学中投入试用,取得了良好的成效。     

Use of Virtual Patients in an Advanced Therapeutics Pharmacy Course to Promote Active,Patient-Centered Learning

Objective. To assess student satisfaction and learning of course objectives following the integration of virtual patient cases designed to promote active, patient-centered learning in an advanced therapeutics pharmacy course.Design. A dynamic virtual patient platform that incorporated a branched-narrative, decision-making teaching model was used in an advanced therapeutics course to supplement lecture content.Assessment. Presimulation and postsimulation tests were used to assess student learning. The use of virtual patients significantly enhanced student learning for both higher- and lower-level test questions (p<0.001 and p=0.01, respectively). Students agreed or strongly agreed that the virtual patient cases provided an effective way to learn (72%), were enjoyable (69%), and were appropriate in content (80%), and that more should be incorporated (59%).Conclusion. The use of virtual patients in an advanced therapeutics practicum effectively promoted active, patient-centered learning; engaged students in an interactive and dynamic educational technology; encouraged teamwork; enhanced higher-level student learning; and improved student satisfaction in the course.