某医学院学生营养知识及营养状况调查

目的了解大学生营养状况、营养知识的知晓情况,以便为提高大学生的营养健康水平提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取某医学院校3~4年级本科学生205人,对其进行问卷调查、体格检测和实验室检查。结果医学生对营养相关知识平均得分为（80.53±11.99）分,女生高于男生（t=5.61,P〈0.01）;护理学专业（86.60±10.27）高于预防医学专业（79.41±11.87）,高于临床医学专业（75.91±11.28）,专业间差异具有统计学意义（F=18.39,P〈0.01）;医学生获取营养知识的途径主要来源于课堂教学（64.5%）、书刊报纸（46.0%）和电视广播（15.5%）;BMI指数女生倾向于营养不良,消瘦发生率为27.2%,男生倾向于营养过剩,超重发生率为14.3%;男生锌、铁缺乏率分别为73.5%和8.2%,女生分别为80.8%和32.5%,铁缺乏率在性别之间差异具有统计学意义（χ2=11.20,P〈0.05）结论医学生对营养相关知识掌握情况总体较好,但营养不良发生率较高,女性血清铁和总体血清锌含量偏低。     

专科生口腔健康状况及颞下颌关节紊乱病调查

目的调查大学专科学生口腔健康状况及颞下颌关节紊乱病的患病情况,为开展高职高专院校口腔健康宣传教育提供依据。方法根据世界卫生组织制定的口腔健康调查方法,调查858名大学专科学生的口腔健康现状,调查项目包括龋病、牙龈炎、错牙合畸形和颞下颌关节紊乱病。结果 858名专科生的患龋率为67.13%,女生比男生严重（χ2=58.13,P〈0.01）;牙龈炎患病率为66.20%,男生比女生严重（χ2=26.82,P〈0.01）;错牙合畸形患病率为26.92%,男女间无显著差异（χ2=0.23,P〉0.05）;颞下颌关节紊乱病患病率为31.82%,女生比男生严重（χ2=10.08,P〈0.01）。结论专科学生口腔健康状况不佳,需要加强口腔保健宣传教育。     

泰安市大学生不正常体重的流行病学研究

目的 了解泰安市大学生不正常体重的流行现状与分布特征,探讨其危险因素,为提高大学生健康状况,开展大学生不正常体重防治工作提供基础资料和理论依据.方法 采用横断面研究设计,应用随机整群抽样方法,对泰安高校大学生500名,进行问卷调查和体格检查.体格检查包括身高、体重、腰围（WC）、臀围（HC）.结果 收回有效问卷共488份,男生BMI均值为22.253.45 kg/m2,女生BMI均值为21.002.66 kg/m2,男性均值高于女性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.泰安市大学生不正常体重率为28.89%,低体重、超重和肥胖率分别为11.48%,13.32% 和4.10%.男生不正常体重率为34.02%,女生不正常率为25.51%,男生高于女生（χ2=4.1202,P=0.0424）.男生超重及肥胖率高于女生（χ2=13.7591,P=0.0002）.吃街边烧烤、油炸食品是大学生超重及肥胖的危险因素（χ2=13.77,P〈0.05）.挑食、偏食是低体重的危险因素（χ2=7.27,P〈0.01）.用餐速度慢是超重及肥胖的保护因素（χ2=8.52,P〈0.05）.喜欢体育锻炼是不正常体重的保护因素（χ2=41.56,P〈0.01）.51.55%.的男生和30.24%的女生可以正确认知自身体重状况,女生倾向于高估自身体重.结论 不正常体重已成为影响大学生身心全面发展的重要因素之一.应加强健康教育,增强自我保健意识.     

广西某医学院校大学生乙肝防治知识知晓程度调查

目的：了解广西某医学院校大学生乙型肝炎（乙肝）防治知识的知晓程度.方法：通过自填式问卷,对广西某医学院校1～4年级临床、口腔、预防、护理和其他专业等5个本科专业1 094名在校医学生进行乙肝防治知识知晓情况调查.结果：医学生对乙肝经血液传播途径知晓率较高,对母婴传播和性接触传播的知晓率较低;超过50％医学生错误地认为乙肝病毒经呼吸道和消化道传播,通过日常学习、工作或生活接触会传染乙肝.女性医学生乙肝防治知识得分高于男性（P＜0.01）;预防医学专业得分较高;汉族医学生乙肝知识得分高于少数民族;来自农村医学生乙肝防治知识知晓水平高于城市学生.结论：医学生乙肝防治知识知晓水平偏低,对乙肝的传播途径和预防措施的认知缺乏全面了解.建议在加强医学专业知识教育同时,采取学生喜闻乐见的方式开展课堂外乙肝防治知识健康教育.     

合肥市医学院校大学生口腔健康知识、态度、行为现状及影响因素分析

目的了解合肥市医学院校大学生口腔健康知识、态度、行为现状及其影响因素。方法自行设计调查问卷,随机整群抽取合肥市3所医学院校801名大学生进行问卷调查。结果口腔健康知识总知晓率为66.09%,口腔保健积极态度总持有率为70.37%,口腔卫生行为总形成率为44.25%。女生的知识、态度、行为得分高于男生、城镇学生高于农村学生（P < 0.01）;知识、态度、行为得分并没有随年级增高而增加,但差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.01）;口腔医学专业学生高于其他专业学生（P < 0.05~P < 0.01）;口腔健康知识、态度、行为之间均呈正相关（P < 0.01）。性别、家庭居住地、年级、专业、自评口腔健康状态是知识的影响因素（P < 0.05~P < 0.01）;性别、家庭居住地、年级、自评口腔健康状态及是否接受过口腔健康教育是态度的影响因素（P < 0.05~P < 0.01）;性别、家庭居住地、专业、自评口腔健康状态是行为的影响因素（P < 0.05~P < 0.01）。结论合肥市医学院校大学生口腔健康知识、态度尚可、口腔卫生行为较差,亟需加强口腔健康教育工作,提升医学院校大学生的口腔健康素养水平。     

某医学院不同专业医学生营养知识-态度-行为调查分析

目的探讨医学院医学生的营养知识、态度和行为,为营养教育提供科学依据．方法对随机抽取的某医学院学生318人进行自设计营养KAP问卷调查,分析其KAP评分．结果医学生营养知识较缺乏,平均得分（34．42±4．69）分,仅占总分的74．8％．女生营养KAP总评分高于男生（P〈0．01）,男生营养KAP不及格率高于女生（P=0．020）,女生营养KAP总分优秀率高于男生（P〈0．01）．不同专业学生的营养KAP比较,护理专业学生的营养知识和总评分均高于临床医学（P〈0．01）．两个专业学生的营养态度和饮食行为评分基本相同（P≥0．052）．医学生也有不良饮食行为．结论应加强医学生营养教育,提高营养知识水平,改变不良饮食行为,提高医学生的健康．     

蚌埠市某医科及非医科大学生吸烟现状及危害认知情况调查

目的:了解蚌埠市不同专业大学生吸烟行为的流行状况、吸烟危害认知相关态度,探讨大学生不同吸烟行为的主要影响因素,为蚌埠市各高校更好地开展控烟工作提供科学的依据和建议.方法:采用横断面研究设计,以整群随机抽样法调查蚌埠市1所医科院校和1所非医科院校,共计1638名学生进行调查.结果:医学专业和非医学专业大学生的尝试吸烟行为、现在吸烟行为和曾经吸烟行为,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);医学专业男生的尝试吸烟行为、现在吸烟行为和曾经吸烟行为均明显高于女生(P<0.01);非医学专业男生的尝试吸烟行为、现在吸烟行为和曾经吸烟行为均明显高于女生(P<0.01).结论:两所高校大学生的现在吸烟率低于全国平均水平,男生吸烟率明显高于女生.虽然医学专业大学生较非医学专业大学生吸烟危害相关知识知晓程度高,但医学专业大学生对吸烟危害知识的掌握情况仍不够全面.     

不同专业医学生对毕业实习认识和态度的调查

目的通过对正在实习的医学院4个专业学生的调查,了解医学生对毕业实习的认识和态度,为提高医学生毕业实习效果提供对策。方法对西藏大学299名正在实习的学生进行调查,数据录入Epidata 3.1并导入SPSS 18.0统计软件进行χ^2检验等统计分析。结果男女生对自己分配到的实习单位的满意程度比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;在对毕业实习的目的的认识上,女生认为毕业实习为学以致用的比例为63.8%,显著高于男生的55.0%（P〈0.05）;不同性别的学生对毕业实习态度比较,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,男生比起女生更能以积极的态度对待毕业实习。结论加强毕业生实习前教育,适当调整毕业实习策略,使学生在不同单位分段实习。     

昆山市流动人口子女民办学校小学生传染病防控知信行调查

目的了解昆山市流动人口子女民办学校小学生对传染病防控相关知信行（Knowledge,attitudes and practices,KAP）现状,为探讨学校传染病突发事件防控对策提供理论依据。方法采取整群分层随机抽样方法,选择昆山市所有流动人口子女民办小学,抽取四～六年级学生各50名,对学校突发公共卫生事件防控相关KAP进行匿名问卷调查。结果 1 648名小学生所调查15道传染病防控相关知识题,正确率最高为81.2%、最低仅30.0%,平均正确率为68.0%;各题正确率女生高于男生、高年级优于低年级,差异有统计学意义（χ2=9.680,P﹤0.05;χ2=23.786,P﹤0.01）。所调查10道态度题,平均正确率为71.3%,各题的正确率最高达82.8%、最低为45.5%,性别之间比较有4题、年级之间比较有8题,差异均有统计学意义（χ2=18.274,P﹤0.05;χ2=33.256,P﹤0.01）。10道行为调查题仅1道题正确率〉70%,其它题均〈60%,性别和年级比较差异均有统计学意义（χ2=10.691,P﹤0.05;χ2=24.385,P﹤0.01）。结论小学生对传染病防控相关KAP答题正确率各方面普遍较低,学校应加强对小学生传染病防控知识宣教,强化防控意识,促进健康行为习惯的养成,提升学校传染病突发事件的防控能力。     

口腔咀嚼效率与相关因素分析

目的通过检测在校大学生咀嚼效率,评价口颌系统健康状况,探讨影响咀嚼效率的相关因素。方法采用称重法测定咀嚼效率;并运用WHO口腔健康评价表统计分析影响咀嚼效率的相关因素。结果男生咀嚼效率平均为79.32%,女生为69.20%,男生咀嚼效率显著高于女生（P〈0.01）;患口腔疾患以及牙列拥挤、颞颌关节病者咀嚼效率明显低于平均值。结论咀嚼效率与性别、口腔健康以及牙合关系密切相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.