口腔黏膜扁平苔藓组织中PCNA的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨口腔黏膜扁平苔藓组织中增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达的临床意义.方法:选取50例口腔扁平苔藓,20例口腔鳞癌,10例口腔正常黏膜蜡块标本,采用免疫组化方法检测口腔扁平苔藓、口腔鳞癌及口腔正常黏膜组织中PCNA的表达情况,并分析比较.结果:口腔扁平苔藓和口腔鳞癌组织中PCNA高表达率明显高于正常口腔黏膜(P<0.012 5);伴有糜烂的扁平苔藓组织中PCNA高表达率明显高于不伴糜烂的扁平苔藓组织(P<0.01);扁平苔藓伴有鳞状上皮增生组织中PCNA高表达率明显高于扁平苔藓不伴鳞状上皮增生组织(P<0.012 5).结论:PCNA的阳性表达在口腔癌及口腔癌前病变的发生、发展中可能起一定作用,检测PCNA的表达可以作为扁平苔藓癌变和评价预后的指标.     

人DNA错配修复系统hMSH2蛋白在口腔扁平苔藓中的表达

目的观察错配修复基因系统中hMSH2蛋白在口腔扁平苔藓（OLP）中的表达。方法应用免疫组化的方法检测正常黏膜及OLP中hMSH2蛋白的表达。结果hMSH2蛋白在正常口腔黏膜组织和OLP二者中的阳性表达率之间差异有统计学意义（x2=7．1993,P〈0．05）。结论hMSH2蛋白在OLP的发生发展中发挥一定的作用。OLP可能有潜在的恶变能力。     

Fascin蛋白在口腔扁平苔藓中的表达及意义

目的 观察Fascin蛋白在口腔扁平苔藓中的表达.方法 应用免疫组化的方法检测正常黏膜及口腔扁平苔藓中Fascin蛋白的表达.结果 在口腔扁平苔藓标本中Fascin蛋白阳性表率高于正常黏膜(P<0.05).结论 Fascin蛋白在口腔扁平苔藓的发生中发挥一定的作用,口腔扁平苔藓可能有潜在的恶变能力.     

口腔扁平苔藓病灶中Toll样受体4与TNF-α的表达

目的探讨TLR4、TNF-α在口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)发病中的可能作用。方法采用免疫组化法检测OLP组与正常对照组口腔黏膜蜡块标本中TLR4、TNF-a的表达;采用q RT-PCR法检测TLR4的基因表达。结果OLP组中的TLR4、TNF-α蛋白及TLR4 mRNA表达均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);TNF-α蛋白与TLR4蛋白表达呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 OLP病灶部位TLR4 mRNA表达激活,TLR4、TNF-α表达增多,与OLP局部炎症和破坏的迁延不愈有关。     

p16在人口腔扁平苔藓及口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达

目的探讨抑癌基因p16在口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)、口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)中的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组化S-P法检测26例正常口腔黏膜组织、40例糜烂型OLP组织及40例OSCC组织p16基因的表达,并分析其临床意义。结果 p16蛋白在26例正常口腔黏膜中22例阳性表达,占84.62%,40例糜烂型OLP组织中21例p16蛋白阳性表达,占52.50%4,0例OSCC组织中9例p16蛋白阳性表达,占22.50%。p16蛋白在正常口腔黏膜组织及OSCC组织中的表达与糜烂型OLP组织中的表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。p16阳性表达与OSCC组织分化程度无相关关系。结论 p16与OLP向OSCC转变有关,p16基因在OSCC的发生发展中起重要作用。     

ATG5和ATG7在糜烂型口腔扁平苔藓中的表达

目的 探讨ATG5、ATG7在糜烂型口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)组织中表达情况及细胞自噬与口腔扁平苔藓之间的关系.方法 随机将27例患者划分为对照组14例和观察组13例,对照组患者给予复方四环素泼尼松膜进行治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上加用肿痛安胶囊药粉.治疗前后分别取患者糜烂型OLP部分组织采用免疫组织化学检验并与正常口腔黏膜进行对比.结果 ATG5、ATG7在不同组织中显阳性,但在糜烂型OLP组织表达升高与正常组织表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 细胞自噬在糜烂型OLP组织中表现异常且与其恶化相关.     

人口腔扁平苔藓及口腔鳞状细胞癌survivin表达的研究

目的探讨凋亡抑制因子survivin、在口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)、口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化链酶素抗生物素蛋白过氧化物酶(S-P)法检测40例糜烂型OLP组织及40例OSCC组织、26例正常口腔黏膜组织survivin基因的表达,并分析其意义。结果 survivin蛋白在正常口腔黏膜中1例表达,占4%,40例糜烂型OLP组织中12例survivin蛋白阳性表达,占30%,40例OSCC组织中22例survivin蛋白阳性表达,占55%。survivin蛋白在正常口腔黏膜组织与OSCC组织中的表达和糜烂型OLP组织中的表达差异均有显著性(P<0.05),survivin表达与OSCC组织分化程度无明显相关关系。结论 survivin基因在OSCC的发生发展中起重要作用。与OLP向OSCC转变有关。     

口腔扁平苔藓综合治疗的临床观察

<正>口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)是口腔黏膜常见病之一,一般被认为是癌前状态,研究表明,OLP的恶变率为0.4%～3.2%[1]。目前病因尚不清楚且无理想的治疗方法。我们从2007—2010年在门诊收治口腔扁平苔藓患者60例,在     

乳腺癌冻对蜡块与冻剩蜡块免疫组织化学染色效果比较

目的 探讨冻对蜡块与冻剩蜡块对免疫组织化学染色是否有影响.方法 用免疫组织化学方法检测60例乳腺癌组织标本冻对蜡块和冻剩蜡块中ER、PR、HER-2、P53、Ki-67、E-cadherin的表达情况.结果 总的阳性率无差别,但冻对蜡块的非特异性染色要强于冻剩蜡块.结论 尽量选择冻剩蜡块做免疫组织化学染色;若只有冻对蜡...     

环氧合酶－2在口腔鳞癌发生过程中的表达和意义

目的 通过研究环氧合酶-2(COX-2)在正常口腔黏膜、口腔黏膜不典型增生、口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)中表达的情况,分析所得到的结果,从而对COX-2在口腔鳞癌发生发展过程中所发挥的作用进行探讨。方法 随机选取60例口腔鳞状细胞癌及20例口腔黏膜不典型增生组织标本为研究对象,并选取20例正常口腔黏膜标本作为对照,采用免疫组织化学染色的方法检测COX-2的表达情况,进一步分析COX-2的表达水平与口腔黏膜病变的关系。结果 正常口腔黏膜中未见COX-2阳性表达,而COX-2在口腔黏膜不典型增生及口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中表达的阳性率分别为65.0％、78.3％,口腔鳞状细胞癌中表达强度明显高于口腔黏膜不典型增生组织(P＝0.0217)。结论 COX-2在口腔鳞状细胞癌以及口腔黏膜不典型增生中有不同程度的高表达,COX-2可能在口腔鳞癌发生发展过程中起重要的作用。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.