乳腺癌组织中eIF4E蛋白表达及其意义

目的 探讨eIF4E蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其意义.方法 采用免疫组化S-P法检测30例乳腺纤维腺瘤组织、54例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的eIF4E蛋白表达情况,并分析其与淋巴结转移的关系.结果 乳腺纤维腺瘤组织及浸润性导管癌组织中eIF4E蛋白的阳性表达率分别为46.67%(14/30)和88.89%(48/54),比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).乳腺浸润性导管癌中,有淋巴结转移者eIF4E蛋白的阳性表达率为100.00%(33/33),无淋巴结转移者其阳性表达率为71.43%(15/21),比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 eIF4E蛋白的异常表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌的发生、发展及转移有关.     

人乳腺癌中葡萄糖调节蛋白94(Grp94/Gp96)的表达及意义

目的　探讨人乳腺浸润性导管癌中葡萄糖调节蛋白 94 (glucose -regulatedprotein ,GRP94 )的表达与乳腺癌生长、浸润及转移的关系。方法　采用DakoEnvision免疫组织化学染色法对 30例乳腺癌中的GRP94进行免疫组化染色。结果　乳腺浸润性导管癌 30例 ,其中有淋巴结癌转移的 15例 ,GRP94阳性 1例 ,弱阳性 5例 ,阴性 9例 ;无淋巴结癌转移的 15例 ,GRP94阳性 10例 ,弱阳性 2例 ,阴性 3例 ;有淋巴结癌转移组GRP94表达低 ,无淋巴结癌转移组GRP94表达高 ;(P <0 0 5 ) ,两组之间存在显著差异。结论　在乳腺浸润性导管癌中GPR94的表达与转移有关 ,低表达者往往有转移。     

p65、β-catenin表达在乳腺癌发生、发展中的相关性分析

目的探讨p65、β-catenin表达在乳腺癌发生、发展中的相关性。方法采用免疫组化Envision法检测p65及β-catenin在不同病理阶段的乳腺组织中的表达状况。乳腺囊性增生病27例,导管内乳头状瘤25例,导管上皮异型增生26例,导管内癌（或伴早期浸润）29例,浸润性导管癌58例。结果p65和β-catenin在乳腺导管内乳头状瘤、囊性增生病、囊性增生病伴异型、导管内癌（或伴早期浸润）和浸润性导管癌中的阳性表达率分别为8.0%、11.1%、42.3%、31.0%、48.3%和4.0%、3.7%、23.1%、72.4%、79.3%。两者在良性增生性疾病阶段无明显相关性（P〉0.05）,在囊性增生病伴异型、乳腺导管癌阶段呈正相关（P〈0.05）。结论p65、β-catenin表达在乳腺增生性疾病无明显相关性,而在囊性增生病伴异型和乳腺癌中呈正相关。     

KAI1,OPN蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌进展中的作用及相关性研究

目的:探讨KAI1,OPN在乳腺癌发生、发展中的作用,它们的相关性及其与乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)预后的关系.方法: 应用SP法检测66例IDC,25例乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS),30例乳腺良性肿瘤,30例距癌灶5cm的正常乳腺组织中KAI1,OPN的表达情况.结果: 在正常乳腺、良性肿瘤、DCIS、IDC中,KAI1的阳性表达率分别为83.3%, 70.0%, 76.0% 和45.5%;OPN的阳性表达率分别为 33.3%,40.0%,52.0%和74.2%.两种蛋白表达与 IDC的淋巴结转移、肿瘤复发及5年生存率相关;KAI1和OPN蛋白在IDC中的表达呈负相关.结论: KAI1、OPN在乳腺癌的早期形成中无明显作用,而与其浸润转移有关;KAI1阴性表达是乳腺癌患者预后不良的因素,OPN表达阴性比阳性患者具有生存优势,但不是影响预后的独立因素;KAI1和OPN在IDC中可能具有竞争关系.     

ezrin与乳腺浸润性导管癌发生发展及预后的关系

目的 探讨ezrin蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌及导管内增生性病变中的表达及其临床病理意义.方法 采用免疫组织化学方法,检测临床病理及随访资料完整的88例乳腺浸润性导管癌和54例导管内增生性病变组织中ezrin的表达情况,分析其与CD44v6、E-cadherin表达的关系及其临床病理意义;采用Kaplan-Meier法和Cox回归模型分析ezrin表达与乳腺导管浸润癌患者预后的关系.结果免疫组化染色结果显示,在乳腺正常导管上皮、普通型导管增生、不典型导管增生和浸润性导管癌组织中,ezrin的强阳性表达率分别为9.1%、16.7%、43.3%和64.8%.ezrin在乳腺不典型导管增生和浸润性导管癌组织中的强阳性表达率明显高于乳腺普通型导管增生和正常导管上皮组织(P＜0.05),而在浸润性导管癌组织中的强阳性表达率亦明显高于不典型导管增生组织(P＜0.05).在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中,ezrin强阳性表达率与腋窝淋巴结转移状况、组织学分级、TNM分期及CD44v6的表达呈正相关,与E-cadherin的表达呈负相关(P＜0.05).ezrin强阳性表达组患者的术后生存时间明显短于阴性组(P＜0.05).结论 ezrin可能在乳腺浸润性导管癌的发生、发展中发挥重要作用,ezrin强阳性表达提示乳腺浸润性导管癌患者的预后较差.     

COX-2在乳腺癌组织的表达及其与临床病理参数的相关性

目的:评价乳腺浸润性导管癌组织COX-2蛋白的表达情况及其与相关临床或病理参数间的相关性.方法:取101例资料完整的乳腺浸润性导管癌手术切除标本为研究对象,免疫组化方法检测COX-2、EGFR、cerbB-2等相关蛋白表达,采用χ2检验评估COX-2表达与不同的临床或病理参数间的关系.结果:肿瘤细胞中COX-2蛋白免疫组化阴性者15例(14.9%);阳性者86例(85.1%),COX-2高表达与乳腺癌脉管侵犯、淋巴结侵犯、分期、PR表达、cerbB-2表达及p53表达具有相关性.结论:乳腺浸润性导管癌中COX-2表达水平与肿瘤转移及分期均密切相关.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌中COX-2、MMP-9的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨COX-2和MMP-9蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及其相关性.方法:应用免疫组织化学法检测52例乳腺癌组织COX-2和MMP-9蛋白的表达.结果:乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2阳性表达率为76.9%(40/52),MMP-9阳性表达率为82.7%(43/52),COX-2阳性表达与患者的年龄、肿瘤大小、雌孕激素受体无明显相关性(P＞0.05),而与淋巴结转移、TNM分期、组织学分级有关(P＜0.05);MMP-9阳性表达与患者的年龄、雌孕激素受体无明显相关性(P＞0.05),而与肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、组织学分级有关(P＜0.05);乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2、MMP-9蛋白的表达之间存在显著正相关(r=0.448,P＜0.01).结论:乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2、MMP-9蛋白高表达,且两者具相关性.COX-2蛋白可通过诱导MMP-9蛋白的表达上调,增加乳腺癌细胞的侵袭力,促进乳腺癌浸润、转移.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中环氧合酶-2的表达与细胞增生和血管生成的关系

目的 探讨环氧合酶-2(COX-2)蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及其与细胞增生和微血管密度(MVD)的关系.方法 应用免疫组织化学法检测52例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2和Ki-67蛋白的表达情况,用CD34抗体标记乳腺癌血管内皮细胞,计算MVD.结果 乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2蛋白的阳性表达率为57.7%,COX-2阳性组Ki-67指数为(56.07±17.37)%,COX-2阴性组Ki-67指数为(27.32±16.28)%,COX-2阳性组MVD为32.46±12.59,COX-2阴性组MVD为25.04±10.48,COX-2阳性组Ki-67、MVD显著高于COX-2阴性组(P＜0.05).结论 乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2蛋白高表达,COX-2可促进肿瘤细胞增生和肿瘤肿瘤血管生成,从而成为促进乳腺癌浸润、转移的途径之一.     

细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子及金属蛋白酶-9在乳腺癌中的表达及其意义

背景与目的:研究细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子(EMMPRIN)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的表达与乳腺癌发生和转移之间的关系.材料与方法:免疫组化法检测21例乳腺增生、10例导管内癌及68例浸润性导管癌中EMMPRIN和MMP-9的表达情况.结果:①EMMPRIN在乳腺增生、导管内癌、浸润性导管癌表达阳性率分别为4.76%(1/21)、40.00%(4/10)、73.53%(50/68),3组之间的阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).②MMP-9在增生乳腺、导管内癌、浸润性导管癌的表达阳性率分别为0.00%(0/21)、30.00%(3/10)、69.12%(47/68),3组之间的阳性率差异亦均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).③乳腺癌组织内的EMMPRIN与MMP-9的表达成正相关(rs=0.676,P＜0.01),而且EMMPRIN和MMP-9的过度表达与腋窝淋巴结转移及淋巴结转移数目呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论:EMMPRIN和MMP-9的过度表达可能在乳腺癌的发生发展过程中起重要作用,是促进乳腺癌发生、浸润、转移的重要因素,可作为评估乳腺癌浸润转移的重要生物学指标.     

ERβ在乳腺癌中表达的意义

目的：探讨ERβ表达与乳腺癌临床及病理参数的关系。方法：应用免疫组化En Vision二步法检测155例手术切除的乳腺癌标本中ERβ的表达情况。结果：155例标本中ERβ的阳性表达率为42．6％，ERβ的表达与绝经、淋巴结转移以及有无远处转移无关，而与肿块大小及乳腺癌的TNM分期显著相关（P〈20．001，P〈0．01）。ERβ在乳腺导管内癌及伴微浸润中的表达明显高于在浸润性导管癌中的表达，差异有显著性（P〈0．05），而浸润性导管癌、黏液腺癌、浸润性小叶癌之间，导管内癌及伴微浸润、黏液腺癌、浸润性小叶癌之间，导管内癌及伴微浸润、黏液腺癌之间比较差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：ERβ与乳腺癌的发生、发展及预后有关，可作为反映乳腺癌生物学行为的指标。     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.