18F-FLT联合18F-FDG PET/CT显像对胃癌原发灶及区域淋巴结转移的诊断价值

目的 评价18 F-FLT联合18F-FDG PET/CT显像对胃癌原发灶及区域淋巴结转移的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析2011年3月至2013年4月间37例经活组织检查证实的胃癌患者临床资料.所有患者术前均行18F-FLT和18F-FDG双显像剂PET/CT检查,对显像结果分别进行视觉分析和半定量分析.应用SPSS 13.0软件分别对不同病理类型原发灶的SUVmax进行两样本t检验,对2种显像方法诊断效能的比较行x2检验.结果 18F-FLT和18F-FDG PET/CT诊断胃癌原发灶的灵敏度分别为89.2％ (33/37)和91.9％ (34/37),差异无统计学意义(x2=0.158,P＞0.05).弥漫型胃癌的18F-FLTSUVmax为6.89±1.38,与肠型胃癌的3.79±2.45差异有统计学意义(t=4.533,P＜0.05);而两者的18F-FDG SUVmax差异无统计学意义(7.13±1.97与6.36±2.32,t=1.066,P＞0.05).18 F-FLT和18 F-FDGPET/CT对胃癌区域淋巴结转移诊断的灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为64.8％ (35/54)、97.6％(246/252)、91.8％(281/306)和88.9％ (48/54)、82.9％ (209/252)、84.0％ (257/306),差异均有统计学意义(x2=8.796、30.948、8.854,均P＜0.05);两者联合,灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别提高至92.6％(50/54)、98.8％ (249/252)、97.7％ (299/306).结论 18F-FLT是18F-FDG摄取少或不摄取的弥漫型胃癌的补充显像剂;对于胃癌转移淋巴结,18F-FLT比18F-FDG有更高的特异性和准确性,但灵敏度较低,两者联合可提高诊断准确性.     

18F-FLT联合18F-FDG PET/CT显像对纵隔淋巴结良恶性的诊断价值

目的 评价18F-FLT联合18F-FDG PET/CT显像对肺部恶性肿瘤患者纵隔淋巴结良恶性的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年4月至2011年10月全国11个PET/CT中心18F-FLT与18 F-FDG PET/CT显像的患者资料,选择行肺部恶性肿瘤切除和纵隔淋巴结清扫、获得病理检查结果的患者共41例,其中男28例,女13例,年龄(56.1 ±12.2)岁.对18F-FLT与18F-FDG PET/CT淋巴结的显像结果分别进行视觉分析和半定量分析,采用,检验比较各方法的诊断效能.结果 (1)41例患者手术共检出533枚淋巴结,经病理检查证实恶性192枚,良性341枚(炎性增生淋巴结或正常淋巴结);(2)以18 F-FDG SUV≥2.5和18F-FLT SUV≥2.0为诊断恶性淋巴结的阈值,18F-FDG和18F-FLTPET/CT对纵隔淋巴结良恶性诊断的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为91.67％ (176/192)、80.94％ (276/341)、84.80％(452/533)、73.03％(176/241)、94.52％(276/292)和81.25％ (156/192)、92.96％(317/341)、88.74％ (473/533)、86.67％ (156/180)、89.80％ (317/353),两者灵敏度、特异性及阳性预测值差异均有统计学意义(x2=8.897、21.722和11.495,均P＜0.05),准确性和阴性预测值差异均无统计学意义(x2=3.604和3.712,均P＞0.05);18F-FDG联合18 F-FLT诊断纵隔淋巴结的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值则分别提高至93.75％(180/192)、94.43％ (322/341)、94.18％ (502/533)、90.45％ (180/199)、96.41％(322/334).结论 18F-FDG诊断纵隔淋巴结良恶性的灵敏度高于18F-FLT,但特异性及阳性预测值明显低于FLT,两者联合诊断可明显提高诊断准确性.     

18F-FLT和18F-FDG PET/CT SUVmax鉴别诊断肺结节的价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷(FLT)和18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)在肺结节良恶性定性诊断上的价值.方法 自2006年1月至2007年6月,6个PET/CT中心对肺结节样病变开展了18F-FLT和18F-FDG PET/CT显像的多中心临床研究.共有55例患者被纳入该研究[男33例,女22例,年龄(53.3±17.1)岁],所有病例均行2种显像剂显像,并通过病理检查或随访确诊.对2种PET/CT显像结果分别进行视觉分析和半定量分析.采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计学处理.结果 (1)良性病变39例,恶性病变16例.(2)以病理检查或随访结果作为肺癌确诊的"金标准",与"金标准"进行比较,单独以18F-FDG的SUVmax＞2.5和18F-FLT的SUVmax＞1.35为阈值,对肺癌诊断的灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为93.8%(15/16)、25.6%(10/39)、45.5%(25/55)和93.8%(15/16)、41.O%(16/39)、56.4%(31/55);18F-FDG及18F-FLT双盲和集体阅片诊断肺癌的灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为87.5%(14/16)、59.0%(23/39)、67.3%(37/55)和68.8%(11/16)、76.9%(30/39)、74.5%(41/55);18F-FDG+18F-FLT双盲和集体阅片诊断肺癌的灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为81.3%(13/16)、87.2%(34/39)、85.5%(47/55).(3)18F-FDG诊断肺癌的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积为0.744;18F-FLT诊断肺癌的ROC曲线下面积为0.783.(4)55例病例的18F-FLT、18F-FDG的SUVmax Pearson相关系数(r)=0.614,P＜0.05,表明二者呈线性相关.结论 18F-FDG诊断肺癌的灵敏度较18F-FLT高,但特异性低;18F-FLT的诊断能力较18F-FDG好;二者具有一定的相关性;二者联合诊断可以明显提高诊断准确性.     

18F-FDG和18F-FLT PET/CT不同诊断方法在肺部单发结节中的临床价值分析

目的：探讨18F-FDG和18F-胸腺嘧啶核苷（FLT）PET/CT不同的诊断方法对肺部单发结节的诊断价值。方法对40例发现肺部单发结节的患者行18F-FDG和18F-FLT PET/CT显像,所有病例均经病理或密切随访确诊,应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线比较18F-FDG SUVmax、18F-FLT SUVmax、18F-FLT SUVmax/同层面椎体SUVmax对肺部恶性肿瘤的诊断价值;18F-FDG和18F-FLT PET/CT两种显像结果均行视觉分析和半定量分析,比较不同诊断方法的诊断效能。结果18F-FDG SUVmax、18F-FLT SUVmax及18F-FLT SUVmax/同层面椎体SUVmaxROC曲线下面积分别为0.687、0.821和0.817。以18F-FDG SUVmax>2.5、18F-FLT SUVmax>2.0为恶性诊断标准、18F-FDG PET/CT视觉分析评分法、18F-FLT PET/CT视觉分析评分法4种方法诊断肺癌的灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别为88.2%、73.9%和80.0%;58.8%、82.6%和72.5%;94.1%、91.3%和92.5%;88.2%、65.2%和75.0%。结论18F-FLT SUVmax及18F-FLT SUVmax/同层面椎体SUVmax单独诊断肺部恶性肿瘤的价值较18F-FDG SUVmax高,且前两者可替换使用。18F-FDG PET/CT视觉评分法在肺部单发结节良恶性的诊断中效能最佳。     

~(18)F-脱氧葡萄糖PET/CT与增强CT在胰腺癌鉴别诊断中应用价值

目的探讨~(18)F-脱氧葡萄糖(~(18)F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层显像(PET)、增强CT在胰腺癌鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法选取自2011年5月至2016年8月沈阳军区总医院收治的经B超、CT、核磁共振成像(MRI)以及临床综合资料证实为胰腺占位性病变的56例患者为研究对象。对所有56例患者行~(18)F-FDG PET/CT全身检查及增强CT检查。比较单纯~(18)F-FDG PET/CT、增强CT显像及两种显像方法联合应用对胰腺良恶性肿瘤诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率等,以及与最终诊断的一致性。结果本组56例胰腺病变患者中,胰腺癌38例,良性病变18例。~(18)F-FDG PET/CT对胰腺癌诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为88.3%、80.2%、93.0%、82.7%及85.6%;增强CT诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为74.1%、68.6%、80.9%、63.2%、72.6%,~(18)F-FDG PET/CT的诊断效能均高于增强CT。PET/CT联合增强CT对胰腺病变诊断的灵敏度为100.0%,特异度为90.9%,准确率为95.2%。~(18)F-FDG PET/CT与最终诊断具有较高的一致性(k=0.705),增强CT的诊断结果与最终诊断结果中度一致(k=0.409),两者联合具有极好的一致性(k=0.816)。结论~(18)F-FDG PET/CT对胰腺癌的诊断具有较高的灵敏度及特异性,~(18)F-FDG PET/CT联合增强CT可以明显提高诊断的灵敏度、特异性及准确率。     

18F-FLT和18F-FDG PET/CT对胸段食管癌淋巴结分期诊断的对比研究

目的 评价18F-脱氧胸苷（FLT）PET/CT对未经治疗的胸段食管癌淋巴结分期诊断的价值,并与18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET/CT进行比较.方法 选择22例拟行手术治疗的胸段食管癌患者,术前行双显像剂PET/CT检查及淋巴结分期诊断,术后以病理学诊断为＂金标准＂,比较18F-FLT和18F-FDG PET/CT对胸段食管癌淋巴结分期的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值.应用SPSS 13.0软件进行x2检验.结果 患者均行食管癌切除和淋巴结清扫术,病理检查结果显示16例患者存在淋巴结转移,N0期7例,N1期15例,M1a期6例（其中1例为N0M1a,另外5例为N1M1a）,全组均无M1b期.共检出424枚淋巴结,其中47枚为转移淋巴结.18F-FDG PET/CT诊断呈假阳性的淋巴结14枚,而18F-FLT诊断呈假阳性的淋巴结为3枚;18F-FDG假阴性的淋巴结8枚,18F-FLT假阴性的淋巴结12枚.18F-FLT PET/CT的诊断灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阴性预测值和阳性预测值分别为74.47%（35/47）、99.20%（374/377）、96.46%（409/424）、96.89%（374/386）和92.11%（35/38）,18F-FDG分别为82.98%（39/47）、96.29%（363/377）、94.81%（402/424）、97.84%（363/371）和73.58%（39/53）;两者比较的x2值分别为0.572,6.018,1.017,0.348,3.852,P值分别＞0.05,＜0.05、＞0.05、＞0.05和＞0.05.结论 18F-FLT对食管癌区域淋巴结的诊断灵敏度与18F-FDG显像接近,特异性高于18F-FDG,但仍存在一定的局限性.     

18F-FDG PET/CT和增强MSCT评价食管癌淋巴结转移

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT显像和增强多层螺旋CT(MSCT)检查评价食管癌淋巴结转移的价值.方法 食管癌患者46例,均在18F-FDG PET/CT检查前1周内行MSCT检查,并在18F-FDGPET/CT检查后1周内接受手术治疗,切除组织均行病理检查.采用16层MSCT增强扫描和18F-FDG PET/CT显像检查颈、胸和上腹部,分别观察食管癌原发病灶、转移淋巴结的部位及转移淋巴结组数,其结果与病理检查结果对照.比较18F-FDG PET/CT和增强MSCT诊断食管癌淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值.结果 46例食管癌中位于上胸段6例,中胸段32例,下胸段8例.手术清除326组淋巴结,病理检查证实其中83组内有肿瘤转移.18F-FDG PET/CT与增强MSCT诊断淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为83.1%(69/83),96.3%(234/243),92.9%(303/326),88.5%(69/78),94.4%(234/248)与72.3%(60/83),98.4%(239/243),91.7%(299/326),93.7%(60/64),91.2%(239/262).2种方法诊断食管癌淋巴结转移的灵敏度差异有统计学意义(P=0.022),余诊断效能指标差别无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).在诊断食管旁淋巴结转移方面,18F-FDG PET/CT与增强MSCT的灵敏度分别为79.2%(19/24)与54.2%(13/24),差异有统计学意义(P=0.031).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT诊断食管癌淋巴结转移,尤其食管旁淋巴结转移的灵敏度高于增强MSCT,但MSCT增强扫描对于发现18F-FDG PET/CT显像阴性的淋巴结转移有重要价值,两者结合应用可明显提高对食管癌淋巴结转移的判断准确性.     

18F-FDG PET/CT不同诊断方法对乳腺癌及其淋巴结转移的应用价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT显像在诊断乳腺癌及其区域淋巴结转移中的临床价值.方法 对27例疑原发性乳腺癌及经临床随访(＞12个月)证实的12例单发乳腺良性病变患者行18F-FDG PET/CT显像,患者均为女性.对显像结果分别行定性、半定量分析.27例疑乳腺癌患者均行手术治疗.结果 疑乳腺癌患者术后病理检查示24例为乳腺癌,共25个病灶;良性病灶7个.18F-FDG PET/CT显像定性分析诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度为76.0%(19/25),特异性为94.7%(18/19);以最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)＞2.5为界值,18F-FDG PET/CT诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度为72.0%(18/25),特异性为63.2%(12/19);以病灶SUVmax大于对侧正常乳腺腺体SUVmax的-x+2s为界值,PET/CT诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度为96.0%(24/25),特异性为63.2%(12/19),其灵敏度明显高于前2种分析方法(X2=4.15,4.14;P均＜0.05).定性方法的特异性明显高于半定量分析(X2值均为5.7,P均＜0.05).23例行区域淋巴结廓清术的患者病理检查示10例有淋巴结转移.18F-FDGPET/CT定性诊断乳腺癌区域淋巴结转移的灵敏度为60.0%(6/10),特异性为84.6%(11/13);以SUVmax＞2.5为界值,18F-FDG PET/CT诊断淋巴结转移的灵敏度为60.0%(6/10),特异性为92.3%(12/13).结论 在18F-FDG PET/CT诊断乳腺癌中,以病灶SUVmax大于正常乳腺腺体sUVmax的-x+2s为界值的半定量分析有较好的灵敏度;定性分析的诊断特异性优于半定量分析.     

18F-FLT与18F-FDG PET/CT不同判断方法鉴别肺良恶性肿瘤诊断效能的比较

目的 通过分析多中心临床研究病例,比较18F-脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷(FIT)、18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT显像诊断肺恶性肿瘤的效能.方法 通过随机、盲法、前瞻性的多中心研究,获得以病理检查或临床随访结果确定诊断的55例肺结节患者,均同时行18F-FDG和18F-FLT PET/CT检查.应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析方法,分别计算病灶最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)、视觉评分、集体盲法阅片等方法的曲线下面积,比较不同检查方法、不同诊断方法的诊断效能.结果 目测经病理或随访检查确诊的16例肺癌、16例肺结核、23例肺炎或其他类型疾病患者,18F-FDG和18F-FLT SUVmax、视觉评分法、集体阅片法曲线下面积分别为0.780±0.065,0.768±0.063,0.803±0.068和0.828±0.058,0.709±0.082,0.763±0.072.通过约登指数选择18F-FDG SUVmax≥6.0,18F-FLT SUVmax≥2.4为良恶性诊断阈值,18F-FDG和18F-FLT单独SUVmax法和盲法集体阅片对肺恶性肿瘤诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为75.0%(12/16)、64.1%(25/39)、67.3%(37/55),81.3%(13/16)、82.1%(32/39)、81.8%(45/55)和81.3%(13/16)、87.2%(34/39)、85.5%(47/55).结论 18F-FDG、18F-FLT单独诊断肺恶性肿瘤的效能均为中等;18F-FLT SUVmax法优于18F-FDG;18F-FDG和18F-FLT图像结合判读可获得最佳诊断效能.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像在非小细胞肺癌术前分期中的价值

目的评价18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT显像在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)分期中的价值.方法73例经病理检查证实的NSCLC患者行18F-FDG PET/CT显像.两诊断组盲法阅片,所得分期结果与病理检查和(或)随访结果比较、评分后进行统计学分析.结果在总体分期准确性上,18F-FDG PET/CT优于CT、18F-FDGPET(P均＜0.001)及视觉融合分期(P=0.001).25例患者获得T亚分期证实,在T亚分期准确性上,18F-FDG PET/CT优于CT、18F-FDG PET及视觉融合分期(P=0.002、0.001、0.008).29例患者获得N亚分期证实,在N亚分期准确性上,18F-FDG PET/CT优于CT(P=0.001),与18F-FDG PET及视觉融合分期相比没有明显差别(P=0.125、0.219),但18F-FDG PET/CT与18F-FDGPET和视觉融合相比分别在5例及4例患者中准确定位.在M亚分期上,18F-FDG PET/CT较CT、18F-FDGPET探测到更多远处转移灶,且为后两者无法定位的患者准确定位.结论18F-FDG PET/CT显像对NSCLC总体分期及T、N、M亚分期的准确性均有提高.     

Comparative uptake of 18F-FEN-DPAZn2, 18F-FECH, 18F-fluoride,and 18F-FDG in fibrosarcoma and aseptic inflammation

The aim of this study is to evaluate uptake of 2-¹⁸F-fluoroethyl-bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) (¹⁸F-FEN-DPAZn2) as a promising cell death imaging agent, a choline analog ¹⁸F-fluoroethylcholine (¹⁸F-FECH), ¹⁸F-fluoride as a bone imaging agent, and a glucose analog 2−¹⁸F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (¹⁸F-FDG) in the combined S180 fibrosarcoma and turpentine-induced inflammation mice models. The results showed that ¹⁸F-FDG had the highest tumor-to-blood uptake ratio and tumor-to-muscle ratio, and high inflammation-to-blood ratio and inflammation-to-muscle ratio. ¹⁸F –FECH showed moderate tumor-to-blood ratio and tumor-to-muscle ratio, and low inflammation-to-blood ratio and inflammation-to-muscle ratio. However, accumulation of ¹⁸F FEN-DPAZn2 in tumor was similar to that in normal muscle. Also, ¹⁸F-FEN-DPAZn2 and ¹⁸F-fluoride exhibited the best selectivity to inflammation. ¹⁸F-FECH positron emission tomography (PET) imaging demonstrates some advantages over ¹⁸F-FDG PET for the differentiation of tumor from inflammation. ¹⁸F FEN-DPAZn2 and ¹⁸F-fluoride can be used for PET imaging of aseptic inflammation.     

18F-Fluoroestradiol

Estrogen receptor (ER) expression is an important determinant of breast cancer behavior and is critical for response to endocrine therapies such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors. In current practice, ER expression is determined by assay of biopsy material. In more advanced disease, tissue assay may present practical difficulties and be associated with significant sampling error. This and other considerations motivated the development of ER imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET), of which the most successful has been (18)F-16alpha-17beta-fluoroestradiol (FES). In this review, we highlight aspects of ER biology and the importance of the ER in breast cancer therapy; review the structure and synthesis of FES; describe its kinetics and safety/dosimetry data; and highlight validation studies. Also discussed are early results in patients using FES-PET to localize ER-expressing tumors and associated data pointing toward its accuracy as a predictive assay for breast cancer endocrine therapy. Finally, early data for tumors and sites other than breast cancer are mentioned. Preliminary data strongly point toward potential clinical utility for FES-PET, motivating further validation and future clinical trials with prospective endpoints tested under appropriate regulatory oversight.     

Uptake of 18F-fluorocholine, 18F-fluoro-ethyl-L-tyrosine and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose in F98 gliomas in the rat

Introduction The positron emission tomography (PET) tracers ¹⁸F-fluoro-ethyl-L-tyrosine (FET), ¹⁸F-fluorocholine (N,N-dimethyl-N-[¹⁸F]fluoromethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium (FCH]) and ¹⁸F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) are used in the diagnosis of brain tumours. The aim of this study was threefold: (a) to assess the uptake of the different tracers in the F98 rat glioma, (b) to evaluate the impact of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and microvessel density (MVD) on tracer uptake and (c) to compare the uptake in the tumours to that in the radiation injuries (induced by proton irradiation of healthy rats) of our previous study.Methods F98 gliomas were induced in 26 rats. The uptake of FET, FCH and FDG was measured using autoradiography and correlated with histology, disruption of the BBB and MVD.Results The mean FET, FCH and FDG standardised uptake values (SUVs) in the tumour and the contralateral normal cortex (in parentheses) were 4.19±0.86 (1.32±0.26), 2.98±0.58 (0.51±0.11) and 11.02±3.84 (4.76±1.77) respectively. MVD was significantly correlated only with FCH uptake. There was a trend towards a negative correlation between the degree of BBB disruption and FCH uptake and a trend towards a positive correlation with FET uptake. The ratio of the uptake in tumours to that in the radiation injuries was 1.97 (FCH), 2.71 (FET) and 2.37 (FDG).Conclusion MVD displayed a significant effect only on FCH uptake. The degree of BBB disruption seems to affect the accumulation of FET and FCH, but not FDG. Mean tumour uptake for all tracers was significantly higher than the accumulation in radiation injuries.     

Studies on 18F-labeled pyrimidines. Tumor uptakes of 18F-5-fluorouracil, 18F-5-fluorouridine, and 18F-5-fluorodeoxyuridine in animals

Three 18F-labeled pyrimidines, 18F-5-fluorouridine (18F-5-FUR), 18F-5-fluorouracil (18F-5-FU), and 18F-5-fluorodeoxyuridine (18F-5-FdUR), were examined regarding tissue distribution and tumor uptake in ascitic hepatoma AH109A-bearing rats. The differential absorption ratios of tumors of 18F-5-FUR, 18F-5-FU, and 18F-5-FdUR were 0.75 +/- 0.21, 0.92 +/- 0.15, and 0.96 +/- 0.24 at 30 min, and 0.37 +/- 0.09, 0.64 +/- 0.34, and 0.60 +/- 0.17 at 120 min, respectively. The tumor-to-organ ratios obtained with three radiopharmaceuticals, especially with blood, heart, lung, muscle, and brain were high and these ratios increased with time. The tumor-to-organ ratios obtained with 18F-5-FdUR were always 1.3-4 times higher than 18F-5-FU and 18F-5-FUR. We concluded that 18F-5-FdUR was a suitable radiopharmaceutical for tumor imaging. Positron emission tomography of a rabbit tumor located on the chest with 18F-5-FdUR clearly showed the tumor within 1 h.     

18F-Fluciclovine (18F-FACBC) PET imaging of recurrent brain tumors

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging - The aim of our study was to investigate the efficacy of 18F-Fluciclovine brain PET imaging in recurrent gliomas, and to compare the...     

A simple 18O water target for 18F production

A simple low-volume (3 mL) target has been constructed for the production of 18F via the proton irradiation of 18O enriched water. The target is constructed of copper with the water cavity electroplated with nickel. This target routinely produces more than a curie of 18F (as [18F]fluoride) suitable for radiopharmaceutical syntheses.