腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗异位妊娠疗效对比观察

目的观察比较腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗异位妊娠的临床疗效。方法有生育要求的异位妊娠患者126例,随机分为腹腔镜组和开腹组,各63例,分别接受腹腔镜手术和开腹手术治疗。比较两组术中出血量、手术时间、术后肛门排气时间、平均住院时间以及术后输卵管通畅情况。结果两组均顺利完成手术。腹腔镜组手术时间为（31.2±12.3）min,术中出血量为（42.2±15.6）ml,术后肛门排气时间为（12.5±1.9）h,平均住院时间为（3.5±1.4）d,术后输卵管通畅率为82.5%;开腹组分别为（46.0±12.5）min、（65.5±18.3）ml、（26.8±5.7）h、（6.0±2.1）d和53.9%,两组相比,P均〈0.05。结论腹腔镜手术治疗异位妊娠创伤小、出血少、术后恢复快、住院时间短、输卵管通畅率高,疗效优于开腹手术。     

腹腔镜与开腹两种保守手术方法治疗输卵管妊娠的临床对照研究

目的探讨输卵管妊娠有生育要求患者腹腔镜与开腹两种保守手术治疗方法的临床价值。方法回顾分析400例,其中腹腔镜组200例,开腹组200例,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量,并于术后第3个月经周期后行输卵管碘油造影术了解两组异位妊娠输卵管的复通情况。结果腹腔镜组平均手术时间(43.91±15.56)min,开腹组平均手术时间(69.28±18.37)min,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜组平均出血量(40.28±10.26)ml,开腹组平均出血量(70.69±18.41)ml,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后保留输卵管通畅率腹腔镜组90%,开腹组为75%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论腹腔镜治疗输卵管妊娠疗效确切,更适用于有生育要求的患者。     

腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术与传统开腹手术治疗早期胃癌的疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术与传统开腹手术治疗早期胃癌的临床效果。方法选取该院2013-11~2014-11收治的72例早期胃癌患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组(36例)和观察组(36例)。对照组行传统开腹手术治疗;观察组于腹腔镜下行远端胃癌根治术治疗。统计两组患者手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、术后肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、恢复半流质时间及住院天数,观察两组患者术后并发症发生情况,随访12个月,了解患者术后复发、癌细胞转移及存活情况。结果观察组手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量[(168.8±30.9)min、(6.6±2.3)cm、(131.8±63.4)ml]和术后肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、恢复半流质时间及住院天数[(2.9±1.4)、(2.4±0.9)、(7.4±1.6)及(10.7±3.6)d]均短于或少于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者术后并发症发生率(8.3%)较对照组(27.6%)低,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访12个月,两组患者均无肿瘤局部复发、癌细胞转移及死亡病例,存活率为100.0%。结论腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术治疗早期胃癌可获得与开腹手术相同的效果,但其手术时间短,术中出血量少,有利于患者术后尽早恢复,优势更显著。     

腹腔镜治疗异位妊娠65例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下异位妊娠治疗的可行性.方法 2008-05～2009-04采用腹腔镜治疗输卵管异位妊娠65例(腹腔镜组),根据病变情况及患者是否要求保留生育功能分别采取输卵管切除术或开窗术.并随机抽2003-08～2005-06我科收治的异位妊娠开腹手术的65例(对照组),对两组五项观察指标进行比较.结果 腹腔镜组65例异位妊娠均在腹腔镜下完成手术,65例均经病理证实,术前诊断符合率为100%.65例中同时合并卵巢囊肿4例,合并盆腔粘连18例,合并不孕症8例.与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜组从手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数、术后恢复自如活动、肛门排气时间等明显优于开腹组(P均<0.01).结论 腹腔镜手术具有安全、微创、快捷等特点,腹腔镜手术治疗异位妊娠的近期和远期效果均优于开腹手术,腹腔镜手术已成为异位妊娠手术治疗的标准方法 之一.     

输卵管妊娠腹腔镜保守性手术中应用多点注射垂体后叶素联合MTX临床观察

目的观察多点注射垂体后叶素联合MTX在腹腔镜输卵管妊娠保守性手术中的止血作用。方法确诊为未破裂输卵管妊娠、具备保留输卵管条件的患者117例,其中59例应用多点注射垂体后叶素联合MTX(研究组),58例未应用多点注射垂体后叶素联合MTX(对照组)。研究组于腹腔镜下先将垂体后叶素分别注射于患侧输卵管间质部与圆韧带起始部位之间浆膜下浅肌层处、该侧输卵管基底系膜及输卵管表面浆膜层做预处理,然后再行输卵管开窗取胚术;对照组采用传统腹腔镜下输卵管开窗取胚术。观察两组手术时间、术中出血量和持续性异位妊娠等。结果 117例输卵管开窗取胚术均在腹腔镜下完成,术中出血量研究组[(21.26±6.84)mL]与对照组[(102.85±41.32)mL]比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);手术时间研究组[(45.20±10.21)min]与对照组[(86.24±18.53)min]比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);持续性异位妊娠研究组(1.7%)与对照组(6.9%)比较,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论腹腔镜输卵管妊娠保守性手术中应用多点注射垂体后叶素联合MTX止血作用明显,能有效减少电凝止血的机会,或不需电凝创面,对开窗输卵管组织有保护作用,并能缩短手术时间和减少持续性异位妊娠。     

腹腔镜治疗异位妊娠36例临床观察

目的观察腹腔镜治疗异位妊娠的疗效。方法将2009-01～2010-02异位妊娠要求腹腔镜手术36例作为观察组,开腹手术治疗48例作为对照组进行对比观察。结果 36例腹腔镜治疗异位妊娠微创手术术中出血为(132.32±20.8)ml,少于对照组(P0.01),术后自行排尿时间(12.33±2.65)h、肠道功能恢复时间(10.65±2.83)h和下床活动时间(8.36±1.85)h均短于对照组(P均0.01),无并发症发生。结论随着腹腔镜手术技巧的提高和器械的更新完善,腹腔镜治疗异位妊娠是非常理想的手术方法。     

腹腔镜联合阴式全子宫切除术与经腹全子宫切除术的临床效果比较

目的比较腹腔镜联合阴式全子宫切除术与经腹全子宫切除术的临床效果。方法分析43例采用腹腔镜联合阴式全子宫切除术(LAVH)患者的临床资料,并与同期抽取的50例经腹全子宫切除术(TAH)患者进行比较。结果两组手术均顺利,未出现手术并发症,在术中出血量、肛门排气时间、住院时间,LAVH组均少于TAH组(P<0.01);而手术时间LAVH组长于TAH组(P<0.01)。结论 LAVH术后恢复快、伤口美观、愈合好,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗结直肠癌患者的疗效观察及对胃肠功能的影响研究

目的探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗结直肠癌患者的临床疗效以及对胃肠功能的影响。方法选取62例结直肠癌患者为研究对象,采取数字表法随机分为腹腔镜直肠癌根治术组及开腹结直肠癌根治术组各31例。结果腹腔镜组手术时间与开腹手术时间比较差异无显著性;出血量(84.77±12.06)mL、住院时间(10.20±1.40)d、并发症发生率(22.58%)、肠鸣音恢复时间(2.76±0.05)d、排气时间(2.51±1.03)d、进食时间(53.20±20.04)h等均明显低于开腹组(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗结直肠癌,术中出血量少、手术时间短、住院时间短、并发症低,且对胃肠功能造成的影响小。     

早期老年子宫内膜癌患者临床诊治方案的疗效对比

目的探讨传统手术与腹腔镜手术治疗早期老年子宫内膜癌患者的临床疗效。方法早期老年子宫内膜癌患者110例,随机分为两组,开腹组予以传统开腹手术治疗,腹腔镜组予以腹腔镜手术治疗,比较两组治疗效果。结果腹腔镜组手术时间、肛门排气时间、体温恢复时间、术后住院时间明显短于开腹组,术中出血量明显低于开腹组(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组切口裂开发生率明显低于开腹组(χ~2=5.238,P=0.022)。腹腔镜组尿潴留、淋巴囊肿、阴道断端感染及深静脉血栓的发生率与开腹组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜手术治疗早期老年子宫内膜癌具有手术时间短、术中出血量少、术后住院时间短、并发症少等特点。     

急性结石性胆囊炎合并糖尿病的手术治疗效果分析

目的探讨急性结石性胆囊炎合并糖尿病的手术治疗效果。方法选取2016年1—12月该院收治的92例急性结石性胆囊炎合并糖尿病患者,随机将其分为两组(开腹组46例和腹腔镜组46例),开腹组患者予以传统开腹手术进行治疗,腹腔镜组患者在腹腔镜下行手术治疗,并比较不同组患者手术治疗情况和术后并发症发生率。结果腹腔镜组患者手术操作时间、术中出血量、下床活动时间、肛门排气时间和疼痛VAS评分均明显优于开腹组(P0.05);腹腔镜组患者术后并发症发生率明显低于开腹组(P0.05)。结论与传统开腹手术治疗相比,腹腔镜手术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎合并糖尿病具有手术时间短、术中出血量少、术后恢复时间短、术后疼痛轻和术后并发症少等优点,其值得推广借鉴。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.