过敏性鼻炎皮肤点刺试验阳性界值对血清特异性IgE诊断价值的影响

目的对过敏性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)的客观评估包括体内皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test,SPT)和体外血清特异性IgE(serum specific IgE,sIgE)检测,了解SPT、sIgE试验在诊断AR中的关系对于提高AR的诊断效率至关重要。本研究旨在评估在多过敏原导致的过敏性鼻炎中,不同的SPT阳性界值对血清sIgE诊断价值的影响。方法以SPT结合的阳性结果临床症状和体征作为诊断AR的参考标准,在85例由7种常见过敏原所致的AR患者中,评估SPT阳性界值"+"和"++"对于UniCAP系统检测血清sIgE诊断价值的影响,诊断指标包括灵敏性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和诊断效率。结果依据临床症状和体征以及SPT结果"+"作为阳性临界值诊断AR,血清sIgE检测结果良好,其灵敏性在0.50(大豚草)到0.91(屋尘螨、粉尘螨)之间,而特异性在0.93(粉尘螨)到1.00(动物毛、屋尘螨和艾蒿)之间。当SPT阳性临界值调至"++"时,sIgE的整体灵敏性提高,而其余的诊断指标,如特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和诊断效率均明显下降。结论在AR的诊断中,将SPT阳性的临界值设为"+"比"++"更有益于提高血清sIgE的诊断价值。     

变应性鼻炎屋尘螨变应原皮试结果比较分析

目的比较分析变应性鼻炎患者不同产地屋尘螨变应原在变应性鼻炎的皮试结果。方法306例中重度持续性变应性鼻炎患者,随机分组进行国产屋尘螨变应原皮内试验或国际标准阿罗格屋尘螨变应原皮肤点刺试验。结果国产屋尘螨变应原皮内试验阳性率88.69%(137/154),阿罗格屋尘螨变应原点刺法试验阳性率90.79%(138/152),两者间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);国产屋尘螨变应原IDT阳性达(++)及以上为62.34%(96/154),阿罗格屋尘螨变应原SPT阳性达(++)及以上为84.87%(129/152),两者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。无严重不良反应发生。结论国产屋尘螨变应原和阿罗格屋尘螨变应原均具有较高的阳性率,阿罗格屋尘螨变应原点刺法试验具有更高的灵敏性及特异性。     

Comparison of serum specific IgE with skin prick test in the diagnosis of allergy in Malaysia

We compared a newer serum specific IgE (SSIgE) test with skin prick testing (SPT) in the diagnosis of allergy in Malaysia. Ninety newly diagnosed allergic patients were enrolled for both tests. Using SPT as a clinical gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were calculated for SSIgE for each of the common allergens tested. The highest positive results for both SPT and SSIgE were for house dust mite and cat. Compared to SPT, SSIgE showed better sensitivity but poorer specificity, low PPV and good NPV in all the allergens tested. Significant positive correlation was seen between the diameter of wheal and flare of SPT and the SSIgE results.     

上海市郊区儿童过敏性疾病过敏原的研究

目的 分析引发上海市郊区儿童过敏性疾病过敏原的分布特点。方法 对800例上海市郊区过敏性疾病患儿（郊区病例组）、100名郊区健康儿童（郊区正常对照组）和450例上海市城区过敏性疾病患儿（城区病例组）进行过敏原皮肤点刺试验（SPT）。将郊区病例组患儿按年龄分为婴幼儿组、学龄前组和学龄组,比较各组SPT及各过敏原阳性率。结果 郊区病例组SPT阳性率（73.38%）高于郊区正常对照组（26.00%）,低于城区病例组（80.22%）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。郊区病例组患儿主要过敏原为粉尘螨和屋尘螨,阳性率分别为57.88%和59.13%。除杂草和橡胶外,郊区病例组各过敏原阳性率与其他两组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。各年龄组郊区过敏性疾病患儿SPT阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 上海市郊区过敏性疾病患儿的主要过敏原为屋尘螨和粉尘螨;郊区过敏性疾病患儿SPT阳性率低于城区患儿,并与年龄有一定相关性。     

过敏性鼻炎血清特异性IgE与皮肤点刺试验的关联性分析

目的评估血清特异性IgE检测与皮肤点刺试验在诊断过敏性鼻炎中的关联性。方法皮肤点刺试验中尘螨阳性的过敏性鼻炎患者82例,采用瑞典法玛西亚公司UniCAP100系统检测血清尘螨特异性IgE,包括屋尘螨及粉尘螨,统计分析二者的关联性。结果82例尘螨过敏患者中,55例尘螨血清特异性IgE检测结果大于或等于1级,特异性IgE水平与皮肤点刺试验结果的等级呈正相关(屋尘螨rs=0.58,粉尘螨rs=0.60)。不同年龄段患者的血清特异性IgE检测结果与皮肤点刺试验的相关系数随年龄的增长而增大,40岁以上患者二者的检测结果无相关性。结论尘螨过敏性鼻炎患者血清特异性IgE水平与皮肤点刺试验结果呈正相关,且随患者年龄变化而有所差异。诊断40岁以上患者时,推荐同时进行2种检测。     

五岁以下哮喘儿童变应原的检测及临床意义

目的了解年幼儿哮喘常见变应原,为有效避免变应原及早期干预治疗提供依据。方法选择在海南省人民医院儿童哮喘防治中心治疗的5岁以下哮喘儿童468例,使用丹麦爱尔开-阿贝优公司的吸入组点刺试剂进行皮肤点刺试验,对其中251例哮喘患儿定量检测血清中变应原特异性IgE抗体水平。结果 468例哮喘患儿体内过敏原（皮肤点刺试验）阳性率为66%,尘螨皮试阳性率最高且强阳性率（＋＋＋—＋＋＋＋）也最高,其中屋尘螨及粉尘螨分别为87.4%及86.3%,热带螨为66.3%,德国小蠊及美洲大蠊分别为26.7%及19.9%。动物皮毛中,以狗毛为主（20.1%）,猫毛次之（12.4%）。251例体外变应原检测阳性率为57.8%,其中仍以屋尘螨阳性率（63.25%）最高,粉尘螨（58.6%）次之,狗上皮为15.9%。食物组中蛋清为9.3%、花生为4.3%、苹果为3.1%,分居前3。结论哮喘儿童皮肤点刺试验有较高的变应原检出率,屋尘螨、粉尘螨、热带螨是海南儿童哮喘最常见的吸入变应原,蟑螂、狗毛、猫毛等变应原也不容忽视。食入性过敏原检出率低,其对儿童哮喘的影响远低于吸入变应原。     

Comparison between two commercial immunoassays: Dr. Fooke ALLERG-O-LIQ versus Phadia ImmunoCA(R) System in detecting allergen-specific IgE and total IgE values

Objective: Beside patient's history and skin prick testing(SPT) the detection of specific IgE(slgE) represents an important tool of allergy diagnostics. In recent years different technologies for the detection of sIgE have been developed. The objective of this study is the comparison of the ALLERG-O-LIQ with the ImmunoCAP System using seven inhalant and four food allergens. Methods: Sera from patients were collected and tested for sIgE to inhalant(d1, d2, d5, i6, el, e5 and m3) and food allergens(fl, 12, f24, t24) by ALLERG-O-LIQ(Dr. Fooke Laboratorien GmbH) and by ImmunoCAP System(Phadia). Further, samples were also tested for total IgE in both systems. Results: Prevalence of positive test results varied between 0/20(124) and 11/20(e5) for ALLERG-O-LIQ and between 3/18(f23) and 11/20(d1/d5) for ImmunoCAP . The qualitative agreement between both methods was found between 75%(f24) and 100%(d2) depending on the allergen. Overall qualitative agreement for inhalant(n = 140), food(n = 78) and all allergens(n = 218) tested was 92.1%(kappa = 0.84), 83.3%(kappa = 0.58), 89.0%(kappa = 0.77), respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value(NPV) and diagnostic efficiency(DE) were found at 88.2%, 95.8%, 95.2%, 89.6%, 92.1%(inhalant allergens), 62.5%, 92.6%, 78.9%, 84.7%, 83.3%(food allergens) and 81.5%, 94.4%, 91.5%, 87.5%, 89.0%(all allergens). Conclusion: Good to excellent qualitative agreement between ALLERG-O-LIQ and ImmunoCAP for the detection of specific and total IgE could be observed. The degree of agreement depended on the allergen and was higher in the group of inhalant allergens. The ALLERG-O-LIQ System represents a reliable test for the detection of specific and total IgE.     

上海地区变应性鼻炎患者变应原特征分析

目的 回顾性分析疑似变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者过敏原的特征与发病季节分布。方法 选取2015年1月1日至2017年12月31日就诊于我院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科有典型AR症状并行变应原测试的患者1570例,分析变应原检测结果及季节分布。结果 有1182例(75.3%)检测出至少一种变应原阳性;单纯血清总IgE阳性者为143例(9.1%);检测出单一过敏原的AR患者为491例(31.3%),两种及以上过敏原AR患者为691(44.0%),其中尘螨(包括屋尘螨和粉尘螨)为最常见的过敏原,共有715例约占所有变应原阳性AR患者的60.5%,其次为青霉素为239例(20.2%);在每年的4~6月、8~11月为AR患者就诊高发期。17-39岁人群占比最高。结论 尘螨为上海地区部分AR患者的主要过敏原,AR发作有时间分布差异。     

郑州地区成人自报过敏性鼻炎患者吸入过敏原分析

  目的  了解郑州地区成人自报过敏性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis, AR)患者吸入过敏原致敏谱,分析不同年龄、性别及年份间阳性致敏原的差异,为AR的临床诊治提供参考。  方法  采用17种吸入过敏原试剂对2019年1月—2021年12月就诊于河南省人民医院过敏反应科门诊且自报为AR的成人患者2 305例进行皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test, SPT),比较不同性别、年龄、年份致敏原分布情况,并对阳性率进行分析。  结果  2 305例AR患者SPT阳性率为77.09%,常合并多种过敏原致敏,对4种及以上过敏原阳性者1 137例(49.33%);过敏原阳性率前5位依次为粉尘螨(42.78%)、户尘螨(38.61%)、梧桐花粉(35.27%)、蒿属花粉(34.27%)、葎草花粉(31.63%);18~30岁年龄组过敏原SPT阳性检出率达峰值(91.84%),阳性率随年龄增长而下降;不同性别间粉尘螨、户尘螨、油菜花、葎草花粉SPT阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);2019—2021年室内吸入过敏原粉尘螨、户尘螨阳性率呈逐年升高趋势,季节性吸入过敏原梧桐花粉、蒿属花粉、葎草花粉阳性率呈逐年下降趋势。  结论  AR患者常合并4种及以上吸入过敏原致敏;18~30岁SPT检出率达峰值;粉尘螨、户尘螨、梧桐花粉、蒿属花粉、葎草花粉是郑州地区成人自报AR患者最常见的致敏原。      

天门地区变应性鼻炎吸入性变应原皮肤点刺试验结果分析

目的：了解天门地区变应性鼻炎患者的变应原种类、分布情况。方法用11种变应原对天门地区变应性鼻炎疑诊患者行皮肤点刺试验,详细采集病史资料。结果710例（87％）患者变应原呈阳性反应,阳性率相对较高的变应原依次为屋尘螨、粉尘螨、无爪热带螨、德国小蠊及狗毛皮屑,单一的变应原反应阳性者少,多数为2种或2种以上发生变应原阳性反应,其中大多数是螨类,男女差异无统计学意义,儿童组与成人组变应原阳性率有统计学意义。结论天门地区变应性鼻炎的主要变应原为螨类,男女之间阳性率无明显差异,儿童阳性率高于成人。     

Prevalence of sensitivity to cockroach allergens and IgE cross- reactivity between cockroach and house dust mite allergens in Chinese patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma

Background Cockroaches are an important indoor allergen source causing allergic rhinitis and asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the cockroach prevalence in mainland of China and the cross-reactivity of IgE between cockroach and house dust mite allergen in Chinese patients.Methods The cockroach sensitization pattern was based on a skin prick test （SPT） obtained from a national multicenter prevalence study, in which 6304 patients from 25 allergy centers across China participated. Factors, including different regions of China, age, gender and the correlations between the American and German cockroaches and house dust mite Der p were investigated. Eighteen out of 1236 clinical sera from south China were selected to perform the cross-inhibition assay between house dust mites and cockroaches.Results Totally 25.7% of patients were SPT positive to the American cockroach （Periplaneta Americana, Per a） and 18.7% SPT positive to the German cockroach （Blattella germanica, Bla g）. The prevalence of positive cockroach SPT was higher in southern than in northern China, higher in adults than in children, and higher in males than in females.Patients had relatively low levels of cockroach SPT reactions, mainly class 1 or 2. Of the SPT positive cockroach patients,88% were also SPT positive to house dust mite （Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Der p）. An IgE cross-inhibition study confirmed that Der P sensitization could cause false positive SPT reactions against cockroach.Conclusions A relatively high prevalence of cockroach sensitivity was found in mainland of China. However, a cross-inhibition study showed that only a small number of patients appear to have Bla g and/or Per a as primary sensitizing source. The importance of cockroaches as a risk factor for sensitization and triggers of allergic symptoms in mainland of China needs to be further investigated.     

Allergen micro-array detection of specific IgE-reactivity in Chinese allergy patients

Background  Allergen micro-arrays are powerful tools for screening of serum IgE-reactivity. In this study allergen micro-arrays were used to identify dominating IgE-binding allergens and cross-reactivity patterns among selected Chinese allergy patients.

Methods  The study was conducted using patient sera from the cities of Guangzhou, Nanjing, Chengdu and Shenyang. In total 100 sera with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) specific IgE-levels higher than 50 kU/L were selected for testing against 103 individual allergens.

Results  Among 100 selected patients, 95% showed IgE-reactivity towards house-dust mite allergens Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) 1, Der f 2 and Der p 2 and 94% were IgE positive against Der p 1, and 60% of sera contained IgE reacting against allergen Euroglyphus maynei (Eur m) 2. IgE against cat allergen, Felisdomesticus (Fel d) 1, was seen in 20%. Only 2% showed specific IgE-reactivity to Der p 10, a panallergen belonging to the tropomyosin family. Serum IgE-reactivity towards other allergens was in general low. IgE-reactivity against pollen allergens showed geographic differences.

Conclusions  This study clearly confirms that group 1 and group 2 are major allergens of house dust mites. These selected house-dust mite allergy patients are close to being mono-sensitized. Der p 10 is not an important allergen for cross-reactivity. Specific IgE-sensitization towards pollen allergens is low in southern China compared to other regions. The prevalence of food and stinging insect allergens known to give rise to IgE-mediated cross-reactivity is 2% or less.

     

海口市儿童哮喘变应原流行病学调查研究

目的 了解海口市儿童哮喘常见变应原状况.方法 2012年9~12月本研究采取整群抽样的流行病学方法调查海口市0~14岁儿童10 241名,确诊哮喘患儿324例,对所有哮喘患儿进行过敏史问卷调查及皮肤点刺试验和血清过敏原特异性IgE (SIgE)抗体检测.结果 324例哮喘患儿中224例(69.1%)过敏史阳性,其中湿疹91例(28.1%),食物过敏64例(19.8%),药物过敏28例(8.6%),香烟过敏18例(5.6%),装修气味过敏19例(5.9%),宠物过敏13例(4.0%),油烟过敏11例(3.4%),花粉过敏9例(2.8%).皮肤点刺阳性率为83.0%(269例),其中屋尘螨及粉尘螨阳性率分别为90.1%(292例)及89.2%(289例),热带螨为85.5%(277例),蟑螂19.6%(64例),霉菌3.4%(11例),花粉3.4%(11例),猫毛11.7%(38例),狗毛25.3%(82例).吸入性过敏原IgE阳性率为72.2%(235例),以尘螨为最高(69.8%,226例);食入性过敏原IgE阳性率为28.7%(93例),牛奶占25.3%(82例),鸡蛋白占9.9%(32例),虾蟹占22.8%(74例),热带水果占9.0%(24例),鱼占8.3%(27例).不同年龄组哮喘患儿吸入性过敏原特异性IgE阳性率比较显示,3~7岁组屋尘螨、蟑螂阳性率高于0~3岁组(P<0.05),7~14岁组屋尘螨、蟑螂、狗毛上皮、猫毛上皮阳性率高于0~3岁组(P<0.05).结论 海口市儿童哮喘常见变应原以屋尘螨、粉尘螨和热带螨为主,狗毛、蟑螂及猫毛比例也较高.食入性过敏原以牛奶、鸡蛋白多见,且虾蟹、热带水果致敏对本地区儿童哮喘的影响也不容忽视.     

Pattern of skin sensitivity to various aeroallergens by skin prick test in patients of allergic airway disease in South Western Maharashtra

BackgroundThe prevalence of allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis is high in the general population, and aeroallergens are the most common allergens that cause airway inflammation. Skin prick testing (SPT) is a validated method to diagnose IgE-mediated allergic diseases. The knowledge of allergen sensitivity pattern in this part of India is limited. The present study was undertaken to identify common aeroallergens prevalent in this area using a standardized SPT.MethodsWe did a cross-sectional hospital-based study. A total of 330 patients of proven allergic airway disease underwent SPT. We used a validated skin prick test which included 22 allergen extracts, 1 positive control, and 1 negative control.ResultsA total of 327 patients were included in the study. Two hundred seventy-one (82.27%, n = 327) patients had a positive SPT to one or more aeroallergen extract. The sensitivity of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (49.85%) was seen in the maximum number of people followed by Dermatophagoides farinae (47.70%).ConclusionsIn our study, dust mites were the most common aeroallergen seen in maximum study subjects.     

过敏性皮肤病接触变应原分析

目的分析过敏性皮肤病病人接触变应原特点。方法采用瑞典进口斑贴试验试剂盒对40例过敏性皮肤病病人进行斑贴试验。结果40例病人中阳性者25例,阳性率为62.5%。阳性率较高的过敏原依次为:硫酸镍、对苯二胺、芳香混合物、重铬酸钾、甲醛,斑贴阳性的病种有面部皮炎、湿疹、接触性皮炎、荨麻疹、瘙痒症。结论过敏性皮肤病临床表现为多种形态,过敏原主要为日常生活类物质,易于被医、患双方所忽视,临床医师须引起足够的重视。     

缺血修饰白蛋白、D-二聚体联合Wells评分对肺栓塞的诊断价值

目的:探讨缺血修饰白蛋白（ischemia modified albumin,IMA）、D-二聚体以及Wells临床评分系统对肺栓塞（PE）的诊断价值。方法:收集疑似PE患者共46例,以多层CT肺动脉造影为确诊PE的金标准,检测20例确诊为PE患者（PE组）、26例非PE患者（非PE组）及对照组14名健康受试者血浆缺血修饰白蛋白（IMA）、D-二聚体含量,利用ROC曲线分析并比较IMA、D-二聚体对PE的诊断价值。结果:PE组患者血清IMA和血浆D-二聚体均较非PE组与对照组明显增高（P<0.01）。ROC曲线分析,IMA的最佳界值为63.45 U/mL时,其诊断PE的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为90.00%、76.90%、75.00%、90.90%。D-二聚体的最佳界值为0.795 mg/L时,诊断PE的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为90.00%、57.70%、66.67%、89.47%。IMA联合Wells评分诊断PE的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为99.00%、38.45%、54.89%、98.20%;D-二聚体联合Wells评分诊断PE的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为99.00%、28.85%、51.29%、97.45%。结论:血清IMA可用于PE的诊断,其诊断的特异性高于血浆D-二聚体。与Wells评分结合时,血清IMA诊断PE阳性预测值比D-二聚体高,而阴性预测值和敏感性与D-二聚体相似。     

210例支气管哮喘患者皮肤变应原点刺试验分析

目的调查北京地区哮喘患者的常见变应原,为预防和治疗支气管哮喘发作提供依据。方法用24种德国默克公司生产的阿罗格变应原进行皮肤点刺试验,以生理盐水为阴性对照,组胺为阳性对照。结果210例患者中,粉尘螨和屋尘螨的阳性率分别是57.14%和58.57%,其中单纯哮喘患者的阳性率分别是62.83%和59.29%,哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎患者阳性率是50.51%和57.63%;210例患者中,艾蒿的阳性率为30.95%,大豚草的阳性率为28.5%,再次为霉菌和动物毛;食物组变应原以虾、牛奶、鸡蛋为常见。2组间变应原阳性率差异无统计学意义。结论北京地区吸入性变应原中粉尘螨和屋尘螨最常见,野生的蒿类和大豚草作为变应原也在迅速上升。变应原皮肤点刺试验方便安全、操作易行,可同时检测多种变应原,特异性高。     

385例变应性鼻炎标准化变应原皮肤试验结果分析

目的：探讨变应性鼻炎患者变应原的分布情况,并分析皮试结果。方法：采用北京协和医院变应原生产研制中心提供的标准变应原皮试液对疑似变应性鼻炎症状和体征的385例患者进行变应原皮肤点刺试验,并对阳性患者进行分析。结果：385例患者中变应原阳性反应者278例,阳性率72．2％。12种变应原中以螨类阳性例数为最多,包括屋尘螨、粉尘螨,分别占总阳性例数的80．2％和76．2％;其余为狗毛、猫毛、法桐花粉等。结论：尘螨是变应性鼻炎的主要变应原。     

特异性变应原雾化吸入减敏防治过敏性支气管哮喘的临床研究

目的探讨特异性变应原雾化吸入减敏防治过敏性支气管哮喘的临床效果、可行性及其优缺点。方法采用随机对照的方法,将40例未控制、尘螨阳性的过敏性支气管哮喘患者随机分为A组（常规治疗组,20例）和B组（吸入减敏组,20例）。两组接受相同的基础治疗,同时A组雾化吸人生理盐水5ml每周2次,B组雾化吸人特异性变应原每周2次持续6个月。治疗前后检测如下指标：（1）哮喘症状控制测试（ACT）评分;（2）肺功能及气道反应性测定;（3）皮肤过敏原测试;（4）平均每周使用万托林喷数。结果治疗后两组ACT评分较治疗前明显改善（P均〈0．05）;两组肺功能FEV．占预计值百分比较治疗前均有明显上升（P均〈0．05）;两组皮试强度反应性均较治疗前无明显变化（P均〉0．05）;两组使用万托林喷数明显较治疗前减少（P均〈0．05）。支气管激发试验阴性率B组高于A组（80．0％W55．0％,P〈0．05）。结论特异性变应原雾化吸人减敏可有效降低气道高反应,因此在防治过敏性支气管哮喘中具有II缶床价值。     

887例皮肤点刺试验结果分析

目的探讨过敏性疾病常见过敏原的致病状况,为过敏性疾病流行病学研究及临床诊断、治疗和预防提供重要依据。方法应用阿罗格点刺试液进行皮肤点刺试验,同时应用生理盐水和组胺液进行阴性和阳性对照。结果887例行皮肤点刺试验,504例皮试阳性,皮试阳性率56．8％。儿童组皮试阳性率明显高于成人组（X^2检验,P〈0．01）;吸人性过敏原皮试阳性率明显高于食物类过敏原（X^2检验,P〈0．005）;呼吸道过敏病（过敏性鼻炎和／或哮喘）吸人性过敏原皮试阳性率明显高于过敏性皮炎（X^2检验,P〈0．005）;尘螨过敏原（粉尘螨和屋尘螨）皮试阳性率明显高于其他过敏原（X^2检验,P〈0．005）。结论过敏性疾病通常由过敏原致病,吸人性过敏原为常见过敏原,尘螨为首要过敏原。呼吸道过敏病更容易由吸人性过敏原致病。