男性系统性红斑狼疮患者性激素变化的分析研究

目的:探讨男性系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者性激素指标睾酮(T)、泌乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)、黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、孕酮(Pro)及其相关比值与病情的关系。方法:采用美国ARCHITECT i2000SR化学发光分析仪测定69例男性SLE患者(检测组)和41例健康者(对照组)的性激素6项指标。结果:与对照组比较,SLE组T水平显著降低(P0.05),PRL、E2、LH水平显著升高(P0.05),FSH、Pro差异无统计学意义(P0.05);T正常、PRL、E2、LH升高及PRL、E2、LH正常、T降低2组结果相关比值T/PRL、T/E2、T/LH均显著降低(P0.05)。SLE活动期PRL水平明显高于稳定期,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);活动期T、E2、LH、FSH、Pro水平与稳定期差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:T、PRL、E2、LH水平及其相关比值与男性SLE病情密切相关,对评估SLE活动性评价有一定意义。     

老年男性抑郁症患者治疗前后认知功能和性激素水平的变化

目的观察老年男性抑郁症患者治疗前后认知功能和性激素的变化。方法选择老年男性抑郁症患者50例作为抑郁症组、体检中心70岁以上男性健康体检者50例作为对照组。采用化学免疫发光法检测血清雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)、促黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、孕酮(P)及泌乳素(PRL)水平。采用数字广度-倒背(DSB)、数字广度-顺背(DSF)、简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评估认知功能。结果老年男性抑郁症组患者血清E2和T水平低于对照组(P0.05),两组血清LH、FSH、P、PRL水平比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。老年男性抑郁症组DSB评分、DSF评分和MMSE评分均低于对照组(P0.05)。抑郁症组患者治疗后血清E2和T水平明显高于治疗前(P0.05),治疗前后血清LH、FSH、P和PRL水平比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。抑郁症患者治疗后DSB评分、DSF评分和MMSE评分均高于治疗前(P0.05)。老年男性抑郁症患者DSF评分与血清T和LH呈正相关(P0.05),MMSE评分与血清T呈正相关(P0.05)。结论老年男性抑郁症患者认知功能和血清E2、T水平下降。     

男性肝硬化失代偿期患者垂体及性腺激素水平变化

报告35例男性肝硬化失代偿期患者血清FSH、LH、PRL、E_2、T测定结果,并与50例正常健康人对照。结果显示血清PRL显著升高(P<0.001),E_2升高(P<0.05),T显著降低(P<0.001),FSH、LH近于正常水平(P>0.05)。提示肝硬化失代偿期患者存在下丘脑—垂体—性腺轴功能障碍。     

免疫性疾病

20050605女性系统性红斑狼疮患者血清性激素变化/曹秀管…//疾病控制杂志。-2004,8(5).-415～417 测定28例的结果示,有月经患者(卵泡期)促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)明显高于正常值(P<0.001),睾酮(T)明显低于正常值(P<0.001)。而雌二醇(E2)、催乳素(PRL)及孕激素(P)均与正常值无显著性差异(P>0.05)。绝经期患者6项性激素与正常值相比T显著降低P<0.001);     

血清性激素水平与更年期综合征的相关性

目的探讨血清性激素水平与更年期综合征的相关性。方法回顾性收集114例更年期综合征患者临床资料,根据病情严重程度分为轻度组(n=45)、中度组(n=39)、重度组(n=30),另选取同期体检的40例健康育龄阶段女性临床资料,作为对照组,所有研究对象清晨空腹采肘静脉血,离心取血清后,采用全自动化学发光仪检测血清卵泡生成激素(FSH)、黄体生成激素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、睾酮(T)、催乳激素(PRL)水平,并分析上述水平与更年期综合征的相关性。结果 4组血清FSH、LH、T、PRL、E2、P水平差异有统计学意义(P0.05);重度组血清FSH、LH、T、PRL水平较对照组、轻度组、中度组高,血清E2、P水平较对照组、轻度组、中度组低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);中度组血清FSH、LH、T、PRL水平较对照组、轻度组高,血清E2、P水平较对照组、轻度组低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);轻度组血清FSH、LH、T、PRL水平较对照组高,血清E2、P水平较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);经双变量Pearson相关性分析检验证实,血清FSH、LH、T、PRL水平与更年期综合征呈正相关(P0.001),血清E2、P水平与更年期综合征呈负相关(P0.001),即随着血清FSH、LH、T、PRL水平升高,E2、P水平降低,更年期综合征越严重。结论血清性激素水平在更年期综合征疾病发展中具有诊断价值,其中血清FSH、LH、T、PRL水平与疾病发展呈正相关,血清E2、P水平呈负相关。     

严重脓毒症早期性激素水平与器官损伤的相关性及对预后的影响

目的:探讨严重脓毒症患者早期血清性激素水平与器官损伤之间的相关性及对预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析53例男性严重脓毒症患者的临床资料,收集患者72 h内血清睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)和催乳素(PRL)水平,并进行Marshall和APACHEⅡ评分,4周后根据存活情况分为存活组和死亡组,另外选择同期20例男性健康体检者作为对照组。结果:存活组32例,死亡组21例;存活组的血清T低于死亡组和对照组(均P0.01),血清E2和PRL水平高于死亡组和对照组(均P0.05),Marshall和APACHEⅡ评分均低于死亡组(均P0.01);死亡组血清E2显著低于对照组(P0.01),血清T和PRL与对照组无显著差异(P0.05),但呈降低趋势;生存组和死亡组Marshall评分与血清T呈正相关(r=0.637),与血清E2和PRL呈负相关(r分别为-0.732和-0.654,均P0.05)。结论:严重脓毒症早期患者血清T、E2和PRL水平与器官功能的损伤程度密切相关,血清高E2、PRL和低T水平可能具有保护器官的作用。     

老年女性性激素水平与轻度认知功能障碍的相关性

目的分析老年女性性激素水平与轻度认知功能障碍的相关性。方法将76例存在轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)的老年女性设为MCI组,70例无认知功能障碍的老年女性设为正常组,对所有纳入研究者采用简明精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评分,并检查性激素指标。结果 MCI组FSH水平高于正常组,而MMSE评分、E2、PRL、T水平低于正常组(均P0.05),LH、P水平两组间比较无显著性差异(P0.05);pearson分析结果显示,MCI组患者MMSE评分与FSH水平呈负相关,与E2、PRL、T水平均呈正相关,相关系数分别为-0.572、0.874、0.762、0.617,均P0.05。结论罹患轻度认知功能障碍的老年女性FSH水平明显上升,而E2、PRL、T水平降低,提示老年女性性激素水平与认知功能受损存在密切关系。     

异维A酸联合阿奇霉素治疗青春期后中重度痤疮的临床效果及对患者性激素水平的影响

目的探讨异维A酸和阿奇霉素联合治疗青春期后中重度痤疮的效果及对患者性激素水平的影响。方法选取2013年5月至2018年2月在我院治疗的青春期后中重度痤疮患者100例为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,每组50例。对照组患者给予0.1%阿达帕林凝胶治疗,观察组患者在此基础上给予异维A酸以及阿奇霉素治疗。两组患者的疗程均为1个月。比较两组患者的临床疗效;检测比较两组患者血清睾酮、孕酮、雌二醇、催乳素(PRL)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)水平;比较两组患者的皮脂分泌率及异常反应发生率。结果观察组患者的治疗总有效率(96.0%)高于对照组(72.0%),临床疗效显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗1个月后,两组患者的睾酮、孕酮和PRL水平均显著降低,两组患者的雌二醇、LH水平以及观察组患者的FSH及LH/FSH水平显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者睾酮、孕酮和PRL水平显著低于对照组,雌二醇、LH、FSH及LH/FSH水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者的皮脂分泌率均显著降低,观察组患者的水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗过程中两组患者用药异常反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论异维A酸联合阿奇霉素治疗青春期后中重度痤疮患者临床疗效显著,能有效改善患者的性激素水平,降低皮脂分泌率,治疗安全性高。     

OSAHS患者勃起功能障碍情况观察

目的观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者勃起功能障碍(ED)的发生情况,评估外科手术治疗OSAHS对患者ED的疗效。方法对56例OSAHS男性患者(OSAHS组)和20名男性健康体检者(对照组)行多道睡眠监测(PSG),使用国际勃起功能指数评分5项(IIEF-5)评估其勃起功能,采用电化学发光免疫技术检测血清促卵泡生成素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、催乳素(PRL)、睾酮(T)。对OSAHS组中23例合并ED者行外科手术治疗,术后6个月复查PSG、IIEF-5评分,测定血清FSH、LH、PRL、T。结果 OSAHS组56例中,IIEF-5评分<21分者27例(48.2%),20例对照组中为2例(10%),OSAHS组ED发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。OS-AHS组与对照组呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分别为(44.6±11.5)、(2.3±1.4)次/h,最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2)分别为71.2%±5.7%、96.1%±2.6%,两组相比,P均<0.01。OSAHS组IIEF-5评分、血清T水平明显低于对照组(P均<0.05)。23例合并ED的OSAHS患者术后6个月治愈5例,显效12例,有效6例,有效率100%;IIEF-5评分≥21分者16例(69.57%);患者术后6个月IIEF-5评分、AHI、LSaO2、血清T水平较术前均有明显改善。合并ED的OSAHS患者IIEF-5评分与AHI呈负相关(r=-0.63,P<0.01),与LSaO2呈正相关(r=0.61,P<0.01);血清T水平与AHI呈负相关(r=-0.67,P<0.01),与LSaO2呈正相关(r=0.65,P<0.01)。结论 OSAHS患者伴有明显的ED,其发生可能与夜间低氧血症及低血清T水平有关。外科手术治疗OSAHS可以改善患者的ED。     

2型糖尿病患者性激素、细胞因子与骨密度相关性研究

为探讨2型糖尿病(DM)患者血清性激素、细胞因子的改变及与其骨密度(BMD)的相关性,对89例2型DM患者的BMD进行了检测,同时测定其血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、泌乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)、孕酮(P)和IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IGF-1水平,并与非DM患者作对照.结果显示,DM合并骨质疏松(OP)的男、女性患者的比例均高于对照组,且随增龄BMD下降;女性OP患者的FSH、LH水平高于非OP患者,E2、T、P及男性T水平低于非OP患者,DM患者又低于对照组,P＜0.05或＜0.01;OP患者的IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平高于非OP患者,而IGF-1水平则低于非OP患者,且DM组与对照组间有显著性差异,P＜0.05或＜0.01;BMD与年龄、FSH、LH、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平呈显著负相关,与E2、T、P、IGF-1水平呈显著正相关,P＜0.05或＜0.01、＜0.001.提示IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α是DM和OP的共同促成因子,女性E2、T、P和男性T减少是造成骨代谢紊乱和OP的重要因素.     

Profile of sex hormones in male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

OBJECTIVE: To study the profile of sex hormones in male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHOD: Serum prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSII) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were obtained from 35 males with SLE and compared with 33 age-matched normal controls. RESULTS: No significant differences in serum T, E2, PRL levels and E2/T ratio were observed between male SLE patients and controls. However, patients with SLE had significantly higher levels of gonadotrophins (FSH, LH). Five (14%) SLE patients, but none of the controls, had both low testosterone and elevated LH. Hypoandrogenic male SLE patients did not have overt features of hypogonadism but had a higher prevalence of central nervous system disease and scrositis than those with normal androgen levels. Discase flares, on the other hand, were not significantly more frequent in these patients. Although PRL or T levels per se did not correlate with disease activity in our patients, the ratio of PRL to T showed a significant correlation with SLEDAI scores (p = 0.42. P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Hypoandrogenism is present in some male patients with SLE and may be relevant in disease pathogenesis. However, whether these hormonal abnormalities are intrinsic to SLE or the consequence of any non-specific chronic disorders cannot be distinguished from the current data. Further studies involving a larger number of subjects and inclusion of other disease controls are needed.     

Pituitary function in patients with newly diagnosed untreated systemic lupus erythematosus

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether hormonal dysfunction involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, prolactin (PRL) secretion, and sex hormone status contribute to development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: 11 patients with SLE and 9 healthy controls were tested for their total anterior pituitary gland reserve by simultaneous injection of corticotropin-, growth hormone- (GH), thyrotropin-, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Serum concentrations of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), cortisol, GH, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), PRL, luteinising hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured at baseline and after injection. Baseline values of oestradiol, testosterone, and thyroxine were determined. RESULTS: Basal and stimulated serum concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, GH, and PRL were similar in both groups. In contrast, despite similar basal thyroxine levels the TSH response to TRH was significantly higher in patients than in controls. LH and FSH levels in premenopausal female patients of both groups were identical. In contrast, two of the three male patients were hypogonadal without compensatory increases of basal LH and FSH levels, but they retained excessive stimulatory capacity in response to GnRH. CONCLUSION: No significant alteration of the HPA axis was found in patients with SLE, which is inadequate in view of the continuing inflammation. GH and PRL secretion were normal. The pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-gonadal axes were affected in patients with newly diagnosed, untreated SLE.     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血清泌乳素与性激素水平关系的探讨

探讨系统性红斑狼疮患者血清泌乳素与性激素水平的关系。方法检测３１例ＳＬＥ患者ＰＲＬ，雌二醇及睾酮水平。结果ＳＬＥ患者平均ＰＲＬ水平较对照组明显升高，以活动期患者升高更为显著，同时活动期者Ｅ２水平较对照组升高，结论ＰＲＬ与ＳＬＥ的发病与病情活动密切相关，可能与雌激素分泌异常有关，而雄激素有维护免疫系统的正常功能。     

Serum free prolactin concentrations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are associated with lupus activity

OBJECTIVE: To determine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) the relationships among serum total and free prolactin (PRL) levels, isoforms of PRL and lupus activity. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 259 patients with SLE were tested for serum total PRL, serum free PRL, and PRL in fractions obtained after gel filtration chromatography (in 70 sera taken at random) by immunoradiometric assay based on disease activity. RESULTS: A significant correlation between direct PRL and free PRL levels was found in patients with and without lupus activity (r = 0.475, P<0.001); however, this was less so for non-active patients than for active patients (r=0.433, P<0.001 and r=0.909, P<0.001, respectively). SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores correlated positively with serum free PRL levels (r=0.314, P<0.001) and percentage of little PRL (r=0.33, P=0.005) and negatively with percentage of big big PRL (r=-0.3, P=0.012). Patients with active disease had higher serum free PRL levels (median 12.6 vs 9.3 ng/ml, P<0.001), higher percentages of little PRL (83.1 +/- 21.2 vs 63.6 +/- 24.8%, P=0.011) and lower percentages of big big PRL (9.4 +/- 18.0 vs 25.2 +/- 24.3%, P=0.031). Different clinical manifestations and serological parameters of lupus disease activity were more frequent in patients with free hyperprolactinaemia than in patients with normal serum free PRL levels (such as neurological manifestations, renal involvement, serositis, haematological manifestations, anti-double-stranded DNA and hypocomplementaemia; P<0.021). CONCLUSION: An increase in serum free PRL levels, higher percentages of little PRL and lower percentages of big big PRL proved to be factors related to lupus activity in a subset of patients with SLE. These novel data must be taken into account in future studies aiming to establish a relationship between PRL and disease activity in SLE.     

藏族男性肝病患者下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能的变化及其临床意义

目的　探讨藏族男性肝病患者下丘脑 垂体 性腺轴的变化 ,了解不同类型肝病患者性腺激素水平的变化 ,协助临床对病情和预后的判断。方法　于 1999- 12～ 2 0 0 4 - 0 4在西藏自治区第二人民医院随机选择西藏地区藏族男性肝病患者 93例 ,包括甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎、酒精性肝病、肝硬化及重症肝炎。同时选取西藏地区 19名健康藏族男性作为对照。测定入选者睾酮 (T)、雌二醇 (E2 )、卵泡刺激素 (FSH)、黄体生成素 (LH )、泌乳素(PRL)及促性腺激素释放激素 (LHRH)的水平。资料统计采用双侧 t检测。结果　肝病患者E2 、PRL和LHRH水平与对照组比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1、P <0 0 1、P <0 0 5 )。急性肝炎T、E2 、PRL升高 ,E2 升高 (P <0 0 1、P <0 0 5、P <0 0 1)。出现高雌激素血症和低睾酮血症 :重症肝炎T、FSH、LH、LHRH降低 (P <0 0 1、P<0 0 5、P <0 0 5、P <0 0 1) ,E2 、PRL升高 ,均为P <0 0 1。结论　性激素水平的变化与肝功能受损程度相一致 ,因此临床上测定性激素水平对了解病情、判断预后有着一定的作用。     

新型抗癫痫药物对新诊断青年男性癫痫患者性激素及性功能的影响研究

背景癫痫患者需长期或大剂量服用抗癫痫药物(AEDs)来控制病情,既往临床多关注AEDs所致的肝肾功能损伤,忽视了其对生殖功能的影响。目前关于AEDs对癫痫患者生殖功能的影响尚存在争议。目的比较奥卡西平、拉莫三嗪、左乙拉西坦、托吡酯对新诊断青年男性癫痫患者性激素及性功能的影响。方法回顾性选取2016—2019年钦州市第二人民医院神经内科收治的新诊断青年男性癫痫患者200例,基于其癫痫发作类型随机给予新型AEDs治疗,将其中服用奥卡西平者分为A组,服用拉莫三嗪者分为B组,服用左乙拉西坦者分为C组,服用托吡酯者分为D组,各50例。比较四组患者治疗前及治疗后6、12个月催乳素(PRL)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)水平、国际勃起功能指数5(IIEF-5)评分、早泄诊断工具(PEDT)评分。结果最终A组纳入42例,B组纳入43例,C组纳入46例,D组纳入40例。时间与治疗方法在LH水平上存在交互作用(P <0.05),在PRL、FSH、T、E2水平上无交互作用(P>0.05);治疗方法在PRL、FSH、LH、T水平上主效应显著(P <0.05),在E2水平上主效应不显著(P>0.05);时间在PRL、FSH、LH水平上主效应显著(P <0.05),在T、E2水平上主效应不显著(P>0.05)。A组患者治疗后6、12个月FSH水平及治疗后12个月LH、T水平分别高于本组治疗前,治疗后12个月FSH水平高于本组治疗后6个月(P <0.05);C组患者治疗后6、12个月T水平分别高于本组治疗前,治疗后12个月T水平高于本组治疗后6个月(P <0.05);D组患者治疗后6、12个月PRL水平分别低于本组治疗前,LH水平分别高于本组治疗前(P <0.05);D组患者治疗后12个月PRL水平低于本组治疗后6个月,LH水平高于本组治疗后6个月(P <0.05)。B、C、D组患者治疗后12个月FSH水平低于A组(P <0.05);C组患者治疗后12个月T水平高于B组;D组患者治疗后6、12个月PRL水平低于A、B、C组,LH水平高于A、B、C组(P <0.05);D组患者治疗后12个月T水平低于A、C组(P <0.05)。时间与治疗方法在IIEF-5评分、PEDT评分上存在交互作用(P <0.05);治疗方法、时间在IIEF-5评分、PEDT评分上主效应均显著(P <0.05)。A、B组患者治疗后6、12个月IIEF-5评分分别高于本组治疗前,PEDT评分分别低于本组治疗前(P <0.05);D组患者治疗后6、12个月IIEF-5评分分别低于本组治疗前,PEDT评分分别高于本组治疗前(P <0.05);A、B组患者治疗后12个月IIEF-5评分分别高于本组治疗后6个月,PEDT评分分别低于本组治疗治疗后6个月(P <0.05);D组患者治疗后12个月IIEF-5评分低于本组治疗后6个月,PEDT评分高于本组治疗后6个月(P <0.05)。B、C、D组患者治疗后6、12个月IIEF-5评分低于A组,PEDT评分高于A组(P <0.05);C、D组患者治疗后6、12个月IIEF-5评分低于B组,PEDT评分高于B组(P <0.05);D组患者治疗后6、12个月IIEF-5评分低于C组,PEDT评分高于C组(P <0.05)。结论针对新诊断青年男性癫痫患者,奥卡西平可升高其FSH、LH、T水平,进而改善性功能;拉莫三嗪对其性激素可能无影响,但对性功能有一定改善作用;左乙拉西坦可升高其T水平,但对性功能可能无影响;托吡酯可降低其PRL水平,升高LH水平,可能会引起性功能下降或性功能障碍。因此,建议有生育需求的青年男性癫痫患者优先考虑采用奥卡西平治疗。     

冠心病患者性激素水平失衡的研究

目的 :研究冠心病患者性激素水平的变化。方法 :选择冠心病患者 5 0例 ,用放射免疫法测定血清雌二醇 （E2 ）、孕酮 （P）、促卵泡刺激素 （FSH）、促黄体生成素 （L H）、睾酮 （T）、泌乳素 （PRL）及生长激素 （GH）的变化 ;采用酶法观测空腹总胆固醇 （TC）、甘油三酯 （TG）、高密度脂蛋白 （HDL）及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 （L DL- C）的变化。结果 :1男性冠心病组与对照组比 E2 、P均升高 （P<0 .0 5 ） ,T水平亦明显下降 （P<0 .0 1） ;女性冠心病组与对照比 ,P水平均显著升高 （P<0 .0 1） ,E2 水平下降 （P<0 .0 5 ）。 2男性冠心病患者 TC,TG,L DL- C均显著高于对照组 （P<0 .0 1） ,HDL 显著低于对照组 （P<0 .0 1） ;女性冠心病患者 TC,TG,L DL- C均高于对照组 （P<0 .0 5 ） ,HDL 低于对照 （P<0 .0 5 ）。结论 :冠心病患者存在血脂代谢异常。但男性与女性冠心病患者的性激素水平失衡存在差异 :男性 E2 ,P升高 ,T降低 ,女性 P升高 ,E2 降低     

Prolactin and gonadal hormones during pregnancy in systemic lupus erythematosus

We performed prospective hormonal studies in 9 patients (5 active and 4 inactive) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during pregnancy (Weeks 10 to 37). Nine healthy pregnant women and 5 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were used for comparison. Serum prolactin (PRL), testosterone and estradiol (E2) levels were determined by RIA. The patients with SLE showed higher serum PRL levels, the difference being statistically significant at Week 20, and reaching the highest levels at Weeks 30 to 40 (p = 0.05 when compared to healthy pregnant women). The 5 patients with active SLE had the highest serum PRL levels; one of these had fetal wastage. In active SLE the serum testosterone and E2 levels were decreased significantly from Weeks 10 to 30 compared with controls (p = 0.001). In patients with RA serum PRL levels, although higher than in controls, did not differ significantly, nor did the lower testosterone and E2 levels. We conclude that gonadal hormones and PRL changes observed in SLE are present also during pregnancy and may be related to fetal wastage and reactivation of disease.     

Anti-prolactin autoantibodies in paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of anti-prolactin autoantibodies and the relationship among anti-prolactin autoantibodies, serum prolactin (PRL) levels and lupus activity in paediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using a transversal study. One-hundred and three consecutive paediatric SLE patients were tested for serum anti-PRL autoantibodies and PRL levels. Clinical disease activity was scored using the SLEDAI index. Anti-PRL autoantibodies were measured by means of gel filtration. The frequency of anti-PRL autoantibodies was 6.7% (7/103), on the basis of the amount of immunoreactive PRL eluted in molecular weight fraction corresponding to IgG (150 kDa). No anti-PRL autoantibodies were found in normoprolactinaemic patients. By contrast, 21.8% (7/32) hyperprolactinaemic patients (hPRL) had anti-PRL autoantibodies. There was a correlation between anti-PRL autoantibody and serum levels of PRL (r(s) = 0.98, P = 0.0001). Lupus activity was present in 64/103 (62.1%) patients, without a significant difference in the frequency of anti-PRL autoantibodies when compared to inactive lupus (7.8 vs 5.1%, P > 0.05). Higher levels of serum PRL were associated with lupus activity regardless of other variables (39.6% vs 17.9%, P = 0.05). Patients with anti-PRL autoantibodies had higher levels of serum PRL than those without anti-PRL autoantibody (41.85 vs 17.77 ng/ml, P = 0.01) and significantly different frequency of hPRL (100 vs 26%, r = 0.4531, P < 0.001). We have identified a subset of paediatric SLE patients with hPRL and anti-PRL autoantibodies. Anti-PRL autoantibodies were associated with hPRL state and antibody titres correlated positively with serum PRL levels. These data suggest that anti-PRL autoantibodies could be responsible for hPRL in a subset of SLE patients. An increase in serum PRL levels proved to be related to lupus activity, but there was no statistical relationship between anti-PRL autoantibodies and lupus activity.     

Effects of starvation in rats on serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyrotropin, growth hormone and prolactin; response to LH-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats averaging 300 g each were subjected to complete food removal for 7 days (acutely starved), 7 days complete food removal followed by 2 weeks of 1/4 ad libitum food intake (chronically strved), 7 days complete food removal and 2 weeks of 1/4 ad libitum intake followed by ad libitum feeding for 7 days (refed), or fed ad libitum throughout (controls). Serum LH, FSH, TSH, PRL, and GH levels were measured by radioimmunoassays for each group of rats. The in vivo response to the combination of synthetic LHRH and TRH also was tested in each group of rats. Circulating LH, TSH, GH, and PRL were significantly depressed in acutely and chronically starved rats, and FSH was lowered only in acutely starved rats. After 7 days of refeeding, serum levels of LH and FSH were significantly greater than in ad libitum fed controls, PRL returned to control levels, and TSH and GH increased but were still below control levels. After LHRH + TRH injection serum LH and TSH were increased significantly in all groups of rats, FSH and PRL rose in acutely but not in chronically starved rats, and GH was not elevated in any group. The increases in serum LH, FSH, TSH and prolactin in response to LHRH + TRH injection in acutely or chronically starved rats were equal to or greater than in the ad libitum fed controls. These data indicate that severe reductions in food intake result in decreased release of at least 5 anterior pituitary hormones, and this is due primarily to reduced hypothalamic stimulation rather than to inability of the pituitary to secrete hormones.