肝硬化门静脉高压脾功能亢进的介入治疗临床分析

目的探讨肝硬化门静脉高压引起的脾功能亢进的介入栓塞治疗效果。方法采用Seldinger法穿刺股动脉,选择或超选择插管进入脾动脉及其分支血管,行部分性脾栓塞术32例。术前周围血象血小板、白细胞记数明显低于正常水平。结果脾动脉栓塞术后1~2天白细胞显着升高,血小板在1周后生至或超过正常范围。结论脾动脉部分栓塞术既保留了脾脏的免疫功能,又能有效缓解了门静脉压力和脾功能亢进,对肝硬化脾功能亢进的患者是一种安全、有效的治疗途径。     

脾动脉栓塞与脾切除的对比分析

目的探讨脾动脉栓塞和脾切除治疗脾功能亢进的疗效及并发症,为临床治疗脾功能亢进方式提供选择依据。方法回顾分析我院近年部分性脾动脉栓塞46例和脾切除33例,比较两种方法治疗后血象改善及并发症发生情况。结果两种方法均能有效改善肝硬化继发脾肿大脾功能亢进患者血小板和白细胞计数(P<0.001),但两组患者中脾切除组术后血小板计数改善明显优于脾动脉栓塞组,而白细胞计数的改善两组无明显差异。脾动脉栓塞组术后并发症发生率明显高于脾切除组(P<0.001)。结论对于腹水较多、门脉高压明显、脾脏巨大的患者不宜行脾动脉栓塞治疗,行脾切除术较好;对于肝脏功能较差、凝血功能严重障碍、高龄和伴肝癌的脾功能亢进患者宜行脾动脉栓塞治疗。     

部分脾动脉栓塞在肝硬化脾功能亢进治疗中的临床运用简

目的：探讨部分脾动脉栓塞在肝硬化脾功能亢进治疗中的疗效及临床意义。方法选择47例肝硬化脾功能亢进患者,采用Seldinger技术用PVA微粒行脾动脉部分栓塞术,并观察术前、术后血象变化。结果47例患者术后1个月、3个月复查,随访3年：外周血白细胞、血小板较术前明显升高;红细胞较前大致相仿。结论部分脾动脉栓塞术治疗脾功能亢进疗效好,并发症少,值得临床运用。     

部分性脾栓塞术治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进的远期疗效观察

目的　目的评价部分性脾栓塞术 (Partialsplenicembolization ,PSE)治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进的远期疗效。方法　对 1998年 5月以前采用PSE治疗的 6 2例肝硬化脾功能亢进患者进行长期随访 ,随访指标主要为外周血白细胞、血小板和红细胞计数。选取术后 1～ 5年资料完整的 38例进行分析 ,其中栓塞程度≥ 6 0 %者 2 3例 ,5 0 %～ 5 9%者 9例 ,<5 0 %者 6例。结果　白细胞和血小板计数分别于术后第 3天和 2周达到峰值 ,然后二者逐渐下降 ,但对不同的栓塞程度其下降趋势差异具有显著性意义 (P =0 .0 0 1)。栓塞程度≥ 6 0 %者 ,术后白细胞和血小板计数均较术前显著升高并一直维持到术后第 5年 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,且第 5年时白细胞计数仍为正常 ,第 4年时血小板计数仍达正常。栓塞程度5 0 %～ 5 9%者 ,术后白细胞和血小板计数也较术前明显升高并可达到术后第 5年和第 4年 (P <0 .0 5 )水平 ,但它们分别在术后第 2年和第 1年就降至正常范围以下。而对于栓塞程度 <5 0 %者 ,术后 1个月白细胞和血小板计数都降至正常范围以下。红细胞计数在术后一直无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。随着栓塞程度的增加 ,术后反应加重 ,并发症也随之增加。结论　栓塞程度控制在 6 0 %～ 70 %可有效治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进 ,分次栓塞可减轻术后反应     

部分脾脏栓塞术治疗肝硬化门脉高压合并脾机能亢进的临床研究

目的 :探讨部分脾脏栓塞术对肝硬化门脉高压合并脾机能亢进的治疗价值。方法 :应用PVA颗粒 ,对 4 6例门脉高压肝硬化合并脾脏机能亢进的患者施行经脾动脉部分脾脏栓塞术 ,随访术后不同时间窗内疗效并对比研究了栓塞前后的门静脉和脾静脉血流速度的变化。结果 :4 6例患者成功施行了经脾动脉栓塞技术 ,达到了临床预期的治疗目标 ,消除了脾机能亢进的症状 ,无严重并发症发生 ,白细胞和血小板术后 2 4h即有明显改善 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,4周后恢复正常水平保持平稳。脾静脉和门静脉血流速度手术后明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,随访 6～ 2 1个月 ,脾机能亢进的症状未复发。结论 :部分脾脏栓塞术简便微创安全 ,治疗肝硬化门静脉高压合并脾机能亢进疗效好 ,值得临床推广应用。     

经脾动脉行明胶海绵与碘化油栓塞治疗脾功能亢进的对照研究

目的探讨经脾动脉行明胶海绵和碘化油栓塞治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进(脾亢)的疗效与并发症,为临床治疗肝硬化脾亢栓塞剂的选择提供依据。方法回顾性分析40例肝硬化脾功能亢进患者行经脾动脉明胶海绵栓塞和39例行经脾动脉碘化油栓塞治疗的临床资料,观察两组患者外周血三系细胞改善和并发症以及复发情况。结果两组患者的脾脏体积回缩、血红蛋白、白细胞和血小板计数差异无显著性(P>0.05),但碘化油栓塞组患者6个月后有部分病例出现血小板再次减少,明胶海绵栓塞组术后并发症发生率高于碘化油栓塞组(P<0.05),碘化油栓塞组肝、胃肠道毒性分级均较明胶海绵栓塞组低。结论对高龄、肝功能差、腹水较多、凝血功能严重障碍、肝硬化门脉高压明显的患者可行经脾动脉碘化油栓塞治疗脾亢。     

脾动脉及胃左动脉栓塞术对门脉高压症的应用价值

作者对40例门脉高压症作了脾动脉及胃左动脉栓塞术研究,其中肝硬化34例、特发性门脉高压症4例及Budd-Chiari综合症2例。40例中25例作了脾动脉及胃左动脉栓塞,15例只作脾动脉栓塞。脾动脉栓塞用不锈钢圈35例,明胶海绵2例,两者并用3例。胃左动脉栓塞用明胶海绵。脾动脉栓塞对脾功亢进的应用价值可从栓塞后末梢血像变化作为评价标准。脾动脉栓塞术后6个月血小板计数比术前呈现有意义增高(P<0.001),白细胞计数术后一周内急剧升高,然后渐减,术后6个月恢复到术前水平。26例病人追踪观察6个月以上,平     

PVA颗粒作为栓塞材料在部分性脾栓塞术中的应用评价

目的　评价PVA颗粒作为栓塞材料在部分性脾栓塞术 (PSE)治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进 (脾亢 )中的疗效及并发症。方法　 5 0例肝硬化脾亢行PSE患者 ,依据PSE术所采用的栓塞材料不同分为2组 :A组 2 6例 ,栓塞材料为明胶海绵颗粒 ;B组 2 4例 ,栓塞材料为 30 0～ 70 0 μm的PVA颗粒。随访观察两组外周血白细胞、血小板和红细胞计数变化及术后反应。选取术后 1年资料完整的 4 1例进行分析 ,其中A组 2 2例 ,B组 19例。结果　两组术后 1年内白细胞和血小板计数均较术前明显升高 (P <0 .0 0 1)。虽然B组术后白细胞和血小板计数较A组升高较多 ,但两组的疗效差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。两组术后红细胞计数一直无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。B组疼痛的程度重、持续时间长 ,而A组发热的发生率高。较严重并发症的发生率两组无明显差异。结论　PVA颗粒可作为PSE术的栓塞材料 ,栓塞程度控制在 5 0 %～ 70 %可有效治疗脾亢、减轻术后反应。     

部分性脾栓塞治疗肝癌患者脾功能亢进的疗效观察

目的　评价联合应用肝动脉栓塞灌注化疗和部分性脾栓塞治疗肝癌患者脾功能亢进的临床价值。方法　收集原发性肝细胞癌合并门脉高压患者 110例 ,经导管动脉栓塞 (TACE)同时行部分性脾栓塞 ,分 1～ 3次达到控制目的。脾栓塞采用 35 5～ 5 0 0 μmPVA微粒 ,脾下极动脉超选部分性脾栓塞。采集每次脾栓塞术前、术后资料 ,包括症状、体征、外周血象、增强CT ,上消化道内镜所见 ,并进行统计学处理、分析。结果　共行部分性脾栓塞 172例次。栓塞范围 30 %～ 6 0 %。栓塞后有 134例次出现发热 ,持续 3～ 30d ,12 6例次出现腹痛 ,其中 2 7例次需用强效止痛药物。少量胸腔积液 6例次 ,保守治疗后消失。未出现脾脓肿等严重并发症。术后 2 4h外周血白细胞、血小板计数 (BPC)开始升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,末次栓塞后 3个月白细胞维持在正常值为 6 7例 ,BPC维持在正常值为 82例。术后食欲、体能以及胃底食管静脉曲张均有所改善。结论　部分性脾栓塞治疗肝癌合并脾功能亢进能有效改善血象 ,提高机体免疫力 ,提高生活质量。     

原发性肝癌伴脾亢的介入治疗(附31例报告)

目的　探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞联合部分性脾动脉栓塞 (PSE)治疗原发性肝癌合并脾功能亢进的意义及方法。方法　原发性肝癌合并脾亢 3 1例 ,采用经皮穿刺肝动脉化疗栓塞术 (TACE)和PSE治疗 ,治疗前后测定血细胞数量 ,CT观察肝脏肿瘤及脾脏大小改变。结果　PSE术后 2 4h、1周、4周血白细胞和血小板均较栓塞前明显升高 (Ρ <0 .0 1)。 2 8例脾栓塞面积在 40 %～70 % ,2例 80 % ,1例 <40 %。术后 1月CT复查肝脏肿瘤缩小 2 2例 ,占 70 .97% (2 2 / 3 1)。脾脏有所缩小 ,内可见均一低密度梗死区。结论　肝动脉化疗栓塞及部分性脾动脉栓塞是治疗肝癌合并肝硬化脾功能亢进安全、有效的方法     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.