糖耐量低减患者动态血压的改变

为观察糖耐量低减（ＩＧＴ）患者动态血压（ＡＢＰＭ）的改变，对血压正常和血压增高的ＩＧＴ患者各２０例进行２４小时ＡＢＰＭ监测及各项生化指标检查，并设有糖耐量正常组和糖尿病组进行对照研究。结果ＩＧＴ患者２４小时ＡＢＰＭ的变化与糖耐量正常者相似，但具有夜间血压增高和昼夜血压差值减小的趋势。血压昼夜节律异常的ＩＧＴ患者ＡＢＰＭ的改变为夜间血压升高。表明ＩＧＴ患者已开始出现早期的血压改变。     

糖耐量低减与内皮功能受损

糖耐量低减（impaired glucose tolerance,IGT）患者和2型糖尿病患者都具有不能用常规危险因素来解释的日益加重的罹患心血管疾病的危险。一项综合荟萃分析显示,血浆葡萄糖水平作为心血管疾病的一个危险因子被着重强调。近来的DECODE研究明确证实,急性糖负荷后的血糖水平与空腹血糖水平相比,前者是更好的心血管疾病和全因死亡的预测因子,对非糖尿病患者亦是如此。     

依那普利对高血压病患者糖耐量低减的影响

高血压病合并糖耐量低减 (ＩＧＴ)临床较为常见。糖耐量低减的主要机制是胰岛素抵抗和轻度胰岛素分泌受损。本组资料探讨依那普利对高血压病合并糖耐量低减的影响。对象与方法1.对象 :1999年～ 2 0 0 1年我院住院患者 75例 ,均符合下列标准 :(1)符合 1999年ＷＨＯ/ＩＳＨ高血压病诊断与分级标准 ,年龄 5 3～ 76岁 ,平均年龄 (65 .8± 7.6)岁 ,男性 3 7例 ,女性 3 8例 ,Ⅰ级高血压病 41例 ,Ⅱ级高血压病 3 4例 ;(2 )入院时 75 ｇ无水葡萄糖负荷 2ｈ(ＯＧＴＴ 2ｈ)血糖≥ 7.8ｍｍｏｌ/Ｌ并 <11.1ｍｍｏｌ/Ｌ ,诊断为ＩＧＴ ;(3 )排除冠心病、…     

糖耐量低减者胰岛素分泌功能的分析

糖耐量低减(IGT)可理解为发展成糖尿病抑或转为正常的临界阶段。本文分析了318例不同年龄、体重的IGT者之胰岛素释放试验结果,并以214例糖耐量正常者的结果作为对照,以探讨IGT者的胰岛素分泌功能。     

应切实加强对葡萄糖耐量低减人群的管理

１９８９年世界卫生组织通过关于“糖尿病的预防和控制的决议”，此后糖尿病的防治引起了世界各国的广泛关注。我国已将糖尿病研究列入国家计划，并于１９９６年成立了糖尿病专家咨询委员会，表明防治糖尿病已成为政府行为。这一切对我国糖尿病预防和治疗起了重要的推动作...     

依那普利对原发性高血压糖耐量低减的影响

目的：了解依那普利对原发性高血压糖耐量低减的影响。方法：37例原发性高血压伴糖耐量低减的患者,于依那普利降压治疗3周后,测量治疗前后空腹血糖,血胰岛素,口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）2h血糖,血胰岛素,胰岛素敏感性指数（ISI）,糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c),总胆 醇和甘油三酯等指标。结果：治疗后OGTT2h血糖和空腹血胰岛素显著降低（P＜0．05）,ISI升高（P＜0．01）。结论：依那普利可改善原发性高血压病人的糖耐量低减。     

糖耐量低减的流行病学及危害

葡萄糖耐量低减（IGT）是糖尿病自然病程中一个重要阶段。诊断标准为口服75克葡萄糖耐量是指OGTT时，空腹血浆葡萄糖〈7．0mmol／L，服糖后2小时血糖大于等于7．8mmol／L并小于11．1mmol／L。     

葡萄糖耐量低减与动脉粥样硬化

目的　观察葡萄糖耐量低减 (IGT)与动脉粥样硬化 (AS)的关系。方法　在曾经有血糖异常升高 (但未达糖尿病标准 )、患有心血管疾病 (如冠心病、中风或高血压 )或其危险因素 (如血脂异常 )的人群进行 75g口服葡萄糖耐量试验 (OGTT)筛查IGT病人 ,并同时记录病史、体检。空腹血脂指标由自动生化分析完成。同时用B型超声检查双侧颈总动脉 ,观察内膜连续性、内膜 中层厚度 (IMT)、斑块等指标。结果　IGT组 (n =5 1)的内膜连续性比正常糖耐量 (NGT)组 (n =97)明显差 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,IGT组双侧平均IMT和动脉粥样硬化 (AS)积分均显著高于NGT组 (均P <0 .0 5 ) ,IGT的平均IMT异常增高的发病率显著高于NGT。但以上指标IGT与糖尿病组 (n =73 )差异无显著性。多元分析发现 ,IGT的AS指标增加效应经同时校正甘油三酯、胆固醇、冠心病史、中风史、吸烟、性别、体重指数仍具有显著意义 ;但是分别校正年龄、腰臀围比值、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高血压病史 ,三种AS指标有不同程度的减弱。结论　与NGT人群相比 ,IGT人群已经存在明显的AS表现 ,其程度与糖尿病类似。IGT的动脉粥样硬化现象独立于部分心血管危险因子和已经存在的心血管疾病。     

空腹血糖受损与糖耐量减低的概念及表现谱的差异和对策

1997年美国糖尿病学会(ADA)提出空腹血糖受损(IFG)的概念,2003年11月ADA提出IFG下限诊断标准从6.1mmol/L下调到5.6mmol/L。IFG与糖耐量减低(IGT)人群进展为2型糖尿病的危险均较正常血糖人群高,但两者的表现谱却存在许多差异,如两者的患病率具有性别及种族差异;胰岛素分泌及胰岛素抵抗状况也不同;两者与血管病变的关系及血管病变的发生率和病死率也有差异。因此,基于IFG、IGT的病理生理学应对其采取相应的干预措施。     

Diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance prevalences in Turkish patients with impaired fasting glucose

Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) like impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) has increased risk of progressing to diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of the study was to evaluate prevalance of IGT and type 2 DM with oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in Turkish patients who had fasting glucose of 110 and 125 mg/dl. Hundred and forty-eight (67.3%) women and 72 (32.7%) men (30-65 years old with mean age of 51.3 +/- 8.7 year) who had fasting glucose range 110-125 mg/dl were evaluated with OGTT. Seventy-two patients had IGT (32.8%), 74 (33.6%) patients had type 2 diabetes and 74 (33.6%) patients had normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Mean fasting glucose and insulin levels were higher in the IGT group than in the NGT group. Mean level of total cholesterol was higher in DM than that in NGT and IGT groups. Mean triglyceride (TG) (P = 0.476), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.594), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P = 0.612), Apoproteine A (P = 0.876), Apoproteine B (P = 0.518), uric acid (P = 0.948) and ferritin (P = 0.314) were found higher in diabetic patients. Lipoproteine a (P = 0.083), fibrinogen (P = 0.175) and hsCRP (P = 0.621) levels were higher in IGT. Mean HOMA S% levels of NGT, IGT and DM were found to be 65.0 +/- 13.0%, 60.9 +/- 16.0% and 50.1 +/- 11.1%, respectively. HOMA B% levels were measured to be 80.4 +/- 29.1% in NGT, 85.3 +/- 14.59% in IGT and 60.1 +/- 10.1% in DM. Significant difference was found between IFG and DM (P = 0.043) groups. The prevalences of diabetes and IGT were found to be 33.63 and 32.7% in IFG, respectively.     

Daytime variations in glucose tolerance in people with impaired glucose tolerance

To determine whether glucose tolerance varies throughout the day in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). We studied 15 healthy IGT, and 18 matched normal glucose tolerant (NGT) individuals. Blood samples were taken every 30-120 min during a 24h period in which all individuals had three mixed meals and nocturnal sleep. We measured glucose, free fatty acids, specific insulin, intact proinsulin, cortisol and growth hormone. Variable responses were considered as concentrations and areas under the curves. Comparison between the groups was by Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney, and analysis of variance. Higher total glucose response, inappropriate normal total insulin response, and unproportionally increased proinsulin total response were observed in the IGT group. Lower glucose tolerance occurred in IGT after dinner, as in the NGT, and after breakfast associated with increased insulin response after breakfast, and similar proinsulin response after all three meals. IGT had higher glucose response than NGT after breakfast and lunch, similar insulin responses, and increased proinsulin-insulin ratio after all three meals. Data from this study demonstrate that IGT individuals present lower glucose tolerance in the evening, as those with NGT, and in the morning, as reported in patients with type 2 diabetes.     

Major depression and impaired glucose tolerance.

Hypercortisolism is a frequent endocrine sign in major depression and cortisol is a well-known anti-insulinergic hormone. Impaired oral glucose tolerance has already been described in major depression. However, thus far no information is available on spontaneous, circadian insulin secretion in patients. We studied 26 depressed inpatients along with 33 age- and sex-matched controls. Blood samples were collected at 30-minute intervals over a period of 26 hours (h) for estimation of cortisol, insulin and glucose. No differences in 24 h mean-insulin and glucose concentrations were detectable despite significantly reduced caloric consumption in patients. At the second morning a strictly standardized test meal of 2125 kjoule was given. Insulin and glucose responses to the test meal were significantly increased in hypercortisolemic patients compared to controls. Hence, patients with major depression have an impaired insulin sensitivity.     

Rosiglitazone improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of rosiglitazone (ROS) on insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, and glycaemic response to glucose challenge and meal in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). METHODS: Thirty patients with IGT (ages between 30 and 75 years and BMI (body mass index) < or = 27 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to receive either placebo (n = 15) or ROS (4 mg/day) (n = 15). All participants underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), meal test, and frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT) before and after the 12-week treatment. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of ROS treatment, there were significant increases in total cholesterol (TC) (4.25 +/- 0.22 vs 4.80 +/- 0.17 mmol/l, P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (1.25 +/- 0.07 vs 1.43 +/- 0.06 mmol/l, P < 0.05), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (2.70 +/- 0.15 vs 3.37 +/- 0.17 mmol/l, P < 0.05) without changes in triglyceride concentration, TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. Although the acute insulin response (AIR) to intravenous glucose and disposition index (measured as the ability of pancreatic beta-cell compensation in the presence of insulin resistance) remained unchanged, the insulin sensitivity (SI) and glucose effectiveness (SG) were remarkably elevated (0.38 +/- 0.06 vs 0.54 +/- 0.09 x 10(-5) min(-1)/pmol, P < 0.05; 0.017 +/- 0.002 vs 0.021 +/- 0.001 min(-1), P < 0.05, respectively) in the ROS group. The glucose, insulin, and c-peptide areas under curve (AUC) in response to OGTT and the glucose and insulin AUC during meal were significantly ameliorated in the ROS group. Five out of 15 (33%) and two out of 15 (13%) subjects treated with ROS and placebo, respectively, reversed to normal response during OGTT (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Rosiglitazone treatment significantly improved insulin resistance and reduced postchallenge glucose and insulin concentrations in patients with impaired glucose tolerance without remarkable effects on beta-cell secretory function.