我国卫生福利政策与财政投入的宏观调控

卫生方面的财政投入能够宏观调控卫生资源,其投入原则、投入方向等可以影响卫生福利政策。投入原则:(1)效率原则;(2)公平原则;(3)增长原则;(4)稳定原则。投入方向:划分中央、地方层次,医学科研招标,构建社区医院体系,医疗方面的社会保障。     

什么是"好"的卫生政策

医药卫生体制改革已进入攻坚和关键阶段,宏观、前瞻、科学的卫生政策指导与深厚社会关怀、社会健康理论支持已成为继续深化卫生体制改革发展战略措施和战略议题。如何科学民主决策,如何创造性地制定优秀的卫生政策框架,是卫生改革发展成功的前提。     

国家不能"大踏步后退"——访卫生部卫生经济研究所卫生发展与战略研究室主任李卫平

刚刚结束的全国卫生工作会议上，对医疗体制的改革提出了很多指导性意见。其中，继续深化城镇医疗卫生体制改革，成为行业内人士关注的焦点。公立医院体制改革，是否可以说国家将“大踏步”后退?政府是否是“一卖了之”?针对这些问题，记者采访了卫生经济专家、卫生部卫生经济研究所卫生发展与战略研究室主任李卫平。     

英国卫生服务"守门人"模式的启示--中国卫生服务实行"守门人"模式的构想

2002年中国正式提出了全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标，其中不可缺少的一个方面就是要建立完善的卫生服务保障体系。然而，对于我们这样一个经济并不十分发达的人口大国来说，这将是一项十分复杂而艰巨的任务。英国国家卫生系统(NHS)被认为是卫生系统设计中的一个经久不衰的模式，其中一个重要的方面是全科医生(GP）的“守门人”作     

意识形态对美国卫生政策和卫生经济的影响

美国各种政治流派对美国卫生政策的制订和改革持有不同的观点,本文结合美国医疗制度的特点,对四个主要流派的基本论点进行了比较详细的介绍和评述。     

国际卫生发展与我国卫生改革的政策导向

美国和英国代表着当今世界不同卫生改革方案的两大主导国家。前者是以自由市场经济为主要特征的卫生服务体制,后者是以国家计划经济为主要特征的卫生服务体制。这两大不同卫生服务体制主导国家在经历了各自的卫生发展实践后,在问题面前终于清醒地认识到:抛弃计划为导向的市场和否认市场为调节的计划是导致其卫生工作陷入困境的根源。 我国的卫生工作在计划经济时期借鉴的是英国卫生服务模式,实行的是以国家为主导的福利型卫生事业。随着社会主义市场经     

中国卫生改革与发展的构想

1 前 言 中国是一个拥有12亿人口,具有国土面积近千万平方公里的发展中国家。80年代以来,中国经济体制发生了深刻的变化,人们开始逐步摆脱传统、僵化的计划经济观念,社会经济各领域充满活力,国民经济与社会发展取得了快速发展。中国的发展引起了世界瞩目。同时,发展中存在的问题也引起了许多政策研究者和学者的研究兴趣。 社会主义市场经济体制的确立,对于在计划经济条件下形成的中国卫生事业体制是严峻的挑战,也是良好的机遇。存在以下几方面的问题;现行卫生事业管理体制和卫生机构运行机制不适应社会主义市场经济发展,现行卫生服务组织管理方式不适应疾病谱的变化和人民群众对基本卫生服务的需求,现行医疗保障制度不适应卫生服务的发展。同时,有     

我国城乡居民健康相关的社会福利研究

文章回顾总结了健康相关社会福利函数的理论研究,并尝试考察了我国城乡居民健康相关社会福利的实际变化情况;进而提出:在发展我国健康事业的过程中,除了关注居民的健康总量之外,更要重视不同社会群体之间健康公平性的考察。     

Meeting Children's Mental and Physical Health Needs in Child Welfare: The Importance of Caregivers

Caregivers in the child welfare system are an important element in ensuring that mental and pediatric health services for their children are utilized appropriately. The high prevalence of mental and physical health problems of children in the child welfare system along with the inadequate utilization of health services make the role of caregivers essential for improving health outcomes. This article explores the barriers to meeting the health needs of this vulnerable population of children and how different types of caregivers (unrelated foster, kinship foster, and birth parents) utilize mental and pediatric health services. Child welfare caseworkers need to increase their communication with caregivers, assess adherence to health care recommendations, and help alleviate barriers to care.     

Welfare Reform and Children's Health

This study investigates the effect of the Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF) program on children's health outcomes using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation over the period 1994 to 2005. The TANF policies have been credited with increased employment for single mothers and a dramatic drop in welfare caseload. Our results show that these policies also had a significant effect on various measures of children's medical utilization among low‐income families. These health measures include a rating of the child's health status reported by the parents, the number of times that parents consulted a doctor, and the number of nights that the child stayed in a hospital. We compare the overall changes of health status and medical utilization for children with working and nonworking mothers. We find that the child's health status as reported by the parents is affected by the maternal employment status. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the Goals of Medicine, Health Enhancement and Social Welfare

Bengt Brülde in his article ``The Goals of Medicine. Towards a Unified Theory' has proposed a normative theory of the goals of medicine within which the concept of quality of life plays a crucial role. In Brülde's analysis, however, the very concept of medicine is deliberately left quite vague and it is therefore difficult to see how the goals of medicine are related to the goals of closely allied enterprises such as health promotion and social welfare. In this reply I therefore propose an analysis of these related conceptual areas. I do this mainly in two respects. (1) Following the nomenclature in a previously published article (Nordenfelt, 1998) I propose a systematic conceptual framework for all varieties of health enhancement and distinguish different notions of medicine within this framework. A consequence of this analysis is, for instance, that the means and also the immediate goals of medicine in its broadest sense are more diversified than the means and immediate goals of medicine in its narrowest sense. (2) From this position I expand the topic further by comparing medicine and health enhancement with social welfare and try to trace the basic features between – as well as the common properties of – these different enterprises.     

The Welfare Economics of Moral Hazard

Pauly's analysis of the welfare effects of moral hazard assumes that consumption of health care does not increase with income, however, empirical evidence suggests it does. For health insurance contracts that pay off by reducing price, the income effect is represented by the additional health care consumed because of income transfers from those who remain healthy to those who become ill. This implies a different decomposition of demand than the standard Hicksian decomposition. When the effect of income transfers is removed, the price-related welfare loss is smaller than either the loss suggested by Pauly's analysis or a Hicksian decomposition.     

论健康福利与医疗卫生服务量的负相关存在及其纠正

医疗卫生事件与经济物品事件具有迥异的差异性。这种差异性表现在:医疗卫生的社会价值是健康福利,经济物品社会价值是经济福利。由于价值不同,医疗卫生的经济量与健康福利存在负相关情形。对于这种负相关,提出了纠正负相关的方法,一个是医疗保险扩大,一个是初级医疗保障性提供。     

卫生事业公益性与福利性定性的本质区别是什么

卫生政策和医学基础理论研究,医疗卫生的现实发展困境,医疗卫生体制改革,重构宏观卫生政策框架和构建和谐社会,"不约而同"共同聚焦医疗卫生服务"公益"性质。社会问题的"定性"至关重要,性质将直接决定服务对象、服务范围、服务内容、资金来源和服务方式,决定国家、市场互动关系和社会边界,决定社会资源分配模式和国家社会责任。虽然公益性与福利性存在许多相同之处,但是公益性与福利性存在诸多本质性差别和不同,卫生服务正确性质应是"福利性",而非"公益性",更不是"一定福利政策的社会公益事业"。     

Abortion Policy in the United States: The New Legal Landscape and Its Threats to Health and Socioeconomic Well-Being

Policy Points

• The historic 2022 Supreme Court Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization decision has created a new public policy landscape in the United States that will restrict access to legal and safe abortion for a significant proportion of the population.
• Policies restricting access to abortion bring with them significant threats and harms to health by delaying or denying essential evidence-based medical care and increasing the risks for adverse maternal and infant outcomes, including death.
• Restrictive abortion policies will increase the number of children born into and living in poverty, increase the number of families experiencing serious financial instability and hardship, increase racial inequities in socioeconomic security, and put significant additional pressure on under-resourced social welfare systems.