曲尼司特对动脉损伤后血管外膜重塑及细胞增殖的作用

【目的】血管损伤后外膜反应是负性血管重塑的重要机制。本文通过观察曲尼司特对损伤血管外膜反应和细胞增殖的作用,探讨其对血管重塑作用的可能机制。【方法】70只新西兰兔随机分为2组：曲尼司特组和安慰剂组,采用病理学和免疫组化技术,观察曲尼司特对兔腹主动脉损伤后外膜重塑、外膜细胞增殖和细胞表型的作用。【结果】血管损伤后28d,曲尼司特组外膜厚度降低29.4%。血管损伤后14d和28d,曲尼司特组外膜面积分别降低22.6%和20.6%。血管损伤后7d和14d,曲尼司特组外膜细胞密度分别降低22.7%和38.9%。血管损伤后3d和7d,曲尼司特组外膜PCNA阳性细胞百分比分别降低31.4%和29.6%。【结论】曲尼司特在血管损伤后早期显著抑制外膜细胞增殖,通过减少外膜的细胞容积,明显降低外膜厚度和面积,抑制血管重塑。     

曲尼司特对动脉损伤后血管外膜重塑及细胞增殖的作用

 【目的】血管损伤后外膜反应是负性血管重塑的重要机制。本文通过观察曲尼司特对损伤血管外膜反应和细胞增殖的作用,探讨其对血管重塑作用的可能机制。【方法】70只新西兰兔随机分为2组:曲尼司特组和安慰剂组,采用病理学和免疫组化技术,观察曲尼司特对兔腹主动脉损伤后外膜重塑、外膜细胞增殖和细胞表型的作用。【结果】血管损伤后28d,曲尼司特组外膜厚度降低29.4%。血管损伤后14d和28d,曲尼司特组外膜面积分别降低22.6%和20.6%。血管损伤后7d和14d,曲尼司特组外膜细胞密度分别降低22.7%和38.9%。血管损伤后3d和7d,曲尼司特组外膜PCNA阳性细胞百分比分别降低31.4%和29.6%。【结论】曲尼司特在血管损伤后早期显著抑制外膜细胞增殖,通过减少外膜的细胞容积,明显降低外膜厚度和面积,抑制血管重塑。     

三氧化二砷对球囊拉伤后兔血管平滑肌细胞作用的实验研究

目的　探讨三氧化二砷对球囊拉伤后兔髂动脉血管平滑肌细胞的促凋亡作用及其对再狭窄防治的意义。方法　贴块法行球囊拉伤后兔髂动脉血管平滑肌细胞培养 ,将细胞分为正常对照组 ,三氧化二砷 (浓度分别为 1 0、2 0、3 0、4 0及 5 0 μmol/L)组 ,通过绘制细胞生长曲线、DNA电泳、透射电镜、原位细胞凋亡检测试剂盒 (TUNEL)来观察三氧化二砷促细胞凋亡作用。结果　随三氧化二砷浓度的增加它能够抑制细胞的增殖并且该作用与时间及三氧化二砷浓度呈正相关 ,观察第7天、浓度为 5 0 μmol/L时活细胞数为 (5 30± 0 10 )× 10 5/ml与正常对照组 (2 8 77± 0 93)× 10 5/ml相比较差异有显著意义P <0 0 5 )。透射电镜下可见凋亡小体、DNA电泳可见典型凋亡后梯形条带、TUNEL可见凋亡细胞由 18 0 %± 3 1%增至 39 8%± 2 7% (P <0 0 5 )。正常对照组均不见上述变化。结论　三氧化二砷可促进球囊拉伤后兔髂动脉血管平滑肌细胞的凋亡 ,抑制其过度增殖。     

血管外膜和平滑肌细胞增殖活性及胶原分布对血管重塑影响

目的:动态观察静脉桥再狭窄动物模型中血管外膜和平滑肌细胞增殖活性以及胶原分布的变化,以评价血管外膜及细胞增殖和胶原分布对血管重塑的影响.方法:建立猪静脉桥再狭窄模型,采用血管病理形态学和免疫组化方法,结合Masson染色,观察术后7、30、45天血管重塑、外膜细胞和平滑肌细胞增生指数及胶原的动态变化.结果:①术后7天新生内膜形成逐渐增厚,于术后45天达最大,外膜厚度和细胞密度于术后7天起逐渐增大,术后30天达最高,术后45天较30天相对减少(P<0.05);PCNA染显示,血管外膜细胞和平滑肌细胞增生指数7天显著增加,术后30天PCNA阳性表达达到高峰,45天回到基线水准;②术后7天血管外膜和内膜中胶原增多.术后30-45天见新内膜中含大量胶原,呈进行性增多趋势;血管外膜中胶原术后30天达高峰,而术后45天胶原含量下降,并见局部纤维化;③管腔面积和IElA于术后7天逐渐减小,术后30-45天管腔面积明显小于对照组.术后45天管腔面积最小(P<0.05);剩余狭窄率与管腔面积相反,于术后7天出现逐渐增大,术后45天达最大;重塑指数和EELA术后7天稍有增大.其后不断减小,术后30-45天明显减小(P<0.05).结论:血管外膜细胞和平滑肌细胞的增殖活性改变以及外膜的增厚、纤维化和胶原的重排对内膜增生和血管重塑起着重要作用,参与并促进了血管桥再狭窄的发生过程.     

粒细胞集落刺激因子对兔髂动脉球囊损伤后内膜修复和增生的影响

目的探讨重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（rhG-CSF）对兔髂动脉球囊损伤后再内皮化和内膜增生的影响。方法将制模成功的56只新西兰大白兔随机分为2组,观察组皮下注射rhG-CSF 30μg/（kg.d）,7 d后经颈动脉行左髂总动脉球囊导管拉伤,术后14 d用伊文氏蓝染色、HE染色、免疫组织化学方法,观察血管再内皮化、新生内膜增厚及细胞增殖情况;对照组用生理盐水代替rhG-CS,其余同观察组。结果造模14 d后,观察组的内膜再生面积（An）和内膜损伤总面积（At）比值明显高于对照组[（68.60±6.25）%vs（46.60±3.36）%,P〈0.01];内膜厚度（Ti）/中膜厚度（Tm）比值明显低于对照组（1.53±0.14 vs 2.43±0.15,P〈0.01）。结论内皮前体细胞动员剂rhG-CSF能显著促进血管损伤后内皮化,有效抑制了支架内再狭窄的发生。     

支架植入对兔血管平滑肌细胞PCNA和Cyclin E表达及细胞凋亡的影响

【目的】观察支架植入后对血管中膜平滑肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,探讨支架植入后再狭窄的发生机制。【方法】将雄性新西兰兔50只随机分为球囊组和支架组,设正常对照。分别于术后第3、7、14、28、56天取材研究①用免疫组化检测血管中膜平滑肌细胞中增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）和细胞周期蛋白E（CyclinE）的表达;②用TUNEL染色法测定血管中膜平滑肌细胞的凋亡。【结果】与对照组比较,支架组和球囊组PCNA、CyclinE表达及细胞凋亡均有显著增加。支架组与球囊组比较,①PCNA和CyclinE表达明显增加,术后第7天,支架组和球囊组PCNA阳性率为24.36%±0.55%vs18.74%±1.09%(P<0.01),CyclinE阳性率为22.65%±1.00%vs17.68%±1.10%(P<0.01);②支架组血管中膜平滑肌细胞的凋亡也较球囊组显著增加,最大凋亡率在术后第7天,12.46%±1.13%vs5.54±0.53%(P<0.01);③PCNA和CyclinE的阳性率与平滑肌细胞凋亡阳性率的比值,球囊组大于支架组。【结论】支架组较球囊组导致明显的平滑肌细胞增殖,同时也导致更显著的平滑肌细胞凋亡,使支架植入后再狭窄的程度减轻。     

Effect of inflammatory cytokine expression in adenovirus vector-mediated human receptor activity modifying protein-1 after carotid artery saccule injury on proliferative intima

[目的]探讨腺病毒载体介导人受体活性修饰蛋白-1(receptor activity modifying protein-1,hRAMPI)基因对兔颈动脉粥样硬化并球囊成形术后炎性细胞因子表达的影响.[方法]建立兔动脉粥样硬化狭窄模型并行球囊损伤血管(简称血管成形术),随机抽样分为RAMP1组(n=18)和对照组(n=18),经球囊局部注射携带hRAMP1基因腺病毒载体(pAd2-GFP-RAMP1)或PBS,于注射后7、14d和28d,应用ELISA法检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和C-反应蛋白(CRP)表达水平；Western blot检测局部hRAMP1目的基因表达；免疫组织化学染色测定血管局部TNF-α表达,HE染色检测血管形态学.[结果]血管成形术后不同时间点TNF-α表达增加[7d:(74.13±4.99),14d:(93.40±6.69),28d:(67.46±6.57)],外源hRAMP1注射后TNF-α表达下降[7d:(64.95±6.77),14d:(75.29±4.73),28d:(45.08±5.00),P＜O.05],病毒注射后7d和14d RAMP1组CRP水平[7d:(29.27±1.57),14d:(9.68±1.60)]与对照组比较[7d:(43.96±7.88),14d:(13.51±1.68)]显著下降(P＜0.05),28d2组间无差异性；腺病毒注射后28d损伤血管局部仍检测到hRAMP1蛋白表达,同时RAMP1组局部TNF-α表达与对照组比较明显下降,HE染色显示:RAMP1组新生内膜面积[7d:(0.07±0.18),14d:(0.15±0.05),28d:(0.35±0.05)]与对照组[7d:(0.14±0.02),14d:(0.39±0.09),28d:(0.56±0.05]比较明显降低(P＜0.05).[结论]外源hRAMPI基因调节兔动脉粥样硬化并血管成形术后CRP和TNF-α的表达,抑制血管成形术后再狭窄.     

Ⅰ型胶原与血管成形术后再狭窄的关系

目的探讨Ⅰ型胶原与血管成形术后再狭窄的关系。方法应用球囊拉伤动脉内膜加高脂饲养的方法建立兔髂动脉粥样硬化模型。对２４只模型兔进行球囊扩张血管成形术。采用核酸分子杂交技术对髂动脉壁平滑肌细胞（ＳＭＣ）的Ⅰ型胶原基因的表达情况进行观察。结果Ⅰ型胶原在术后１周开始表达，术后２周显著表达。结论血管成形术后晚期由于胶原增生促进了再狭窄的形成。     

中国小型猪冠状动脉球囊扩张术后的组织学及形态学特征

研究中国小型猪冠状动脉球囊扩张术后的组织学及形态学特征 ,建立中国小型猪冠状动脉内介入术后再狭窄动物模型。方法 :对 16头中国小猪左冠动脉前降支或回旋支行球囊过度扩张术 ,分别在术后 3d和术后 30d处死动物 ,通过HE、马宋三色和维尔霍夫 范吉荪染色切片 ,观察血管最大内膜厚度、新生内膜面积、狭窄程度、血管周长和管腔周长的变化 ;通过免疫组织化学观察α 平滑肌肌动蛋白 (α smoothmuscleactin ,α SMA)阳性细胞分布。结果 :球囊扩张术后 30d组最大内膜厚度、新生内膜面积、血管狭窄程度均明显增加 ,而血管周长和管腔周长均减少 ,其差异均具有显著性意义 ;球囊扩张术后 3d ,血管外膜区可见炎性细胞浸润 ;球囊扩张术后 30d外膜出现大量的纤维素样物质沉积 ,同时血管损伤处外膜出现大量的α SMA阳性细胞。结论 :在球囊扩张术后 30d ,建立了中国小型猪冠状动脉介入治疗后再狭窄动物模型。     

大鼠胸主动脉球囊拉伤后金属硫蛋白及丙二醛含量变化

目的 :观察大鼠胸主动脉球囊拉伤后血浆及组织金属硫蛋白 (MT)及丙二醛含量变化 ,探讨再狭窄与氧化防御系统的关系。方法 :对照组常规饲养 2 1d ;球囊导管拉伤大鼠胸主动脉 3d ,10d ,2 1d后 ,分别取大鼠血浆及心、肝和肾组织 ,以10 9Cd血红蛋白饱和法测定大鼠血浆及组织MT含量 ,以硫代巴比妥酸钠法测定丙二醛 (MDA)含量。结果 :与对照组比较 ,球囊拉伤 3d组大鼠肝、心和肾组织及血浆MT含量分别升高 5 5 .8% ,73 .5 % ,49.9% ,5 6 .2 % ,MDA含量分别升高 94.0 % ,49 1% ,31 4% ,141 1% ;球囊拉伤 10d组大鼠肝、心、肾组织及血浆MT含量分别升高 31.8% ,6 8 2 % ,5 8.0 % ,41 8% ,MDA含量分别升高 148.0 % ,41.6 % ,2 9.1% ,83.8% ;球囊拉伤 2 1d组大鼠肝、心、肾组织及血浆MT含量分别升高 5 6 .8% ,38.8% ,39.4% ,48.1% ,MDA含量分别升高 98.0 % ,48.4% ,44 .8% ,49.2 %。结论 :大鼠胸主动脉球囊拉伤后MT产生增多与脂质过氧化损伤有关     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.