妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮77例临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠时机及孕期狼疮活动对妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者的妊娠并发症及妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾分析77例妊娠合并SLE患者的临床资料,根据妊娠前SLE病情将患者分为妊娠前SLE病情稳定≥6月组(25例)、SLE病情稳定4~6月组(19例)、SLE病情稳定4月组(16例)和妊娠前SLE活动组(17例)。根据妊娠期SLE病情是否活动分为SLE稳定组(49例)和SLE活动组(28例)。比较各组的妊娠并发症和妊娠结局情况。结果:(1)妊娠前SLE病情稳定≥6个月组的子痫前期、胎儿宫内生长迟缓(IUGR)、胎儿宫内窘迫、胎儿丢失、早产及新生儿低出生体重的发生率显著低于妊娠前SLE病情活动组,其IUGR、胎儿宫内窘迫、胎儿丢失及新生儿低出生体重的发生率显著低于妊娠前SLE病情稳定4个月组。(2)妊娠期SLE稳定组的子痫前期、IUGR、PROM、胎儿丢失率、早产率和新生儿低出生体重率均显著低于SLE活动组。(3)妊娠前SLE病情稳定≥6月组的妊娠期SLE活动率低于妊娠前SLE病情稳定4个月组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);妊娠前SLE病情稳定≥6月组和稳定4~6月组的妊娠期SLE活动率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:妊娠前SLE病情应至少稳定4个月,同时孕期控制狼疮活动,以减少妊娠期并发症及改善妊娠结局。     

系统性红斑狼疮妊娠时机对妊娠结局影响的meta分析

目的:系统评价妊娠时机选择对妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者妊娠结局的影响。方法:计算机检索CNKI数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、Pubmed、EMBAS、OVID等数据库,检索2000~2016年公开发表的妊娠时机的选择对妊娠合并SLE妊娠结局影响的相关研究报道,对妊娠时机的选择对妊娠合并SLE妊娠结局的影响进行合并分析。结果:纳入13篇研究共554例患者。Meta分析结果显示:在胎儿丢失率方面,选择性妊娠与非选择性妊娠比较差异有统计学意义(OR=0.09,95%CI为0.05~0.15,P0.001);在病情恶化方面,选择性妊娠与非选择性妊娠比较差异有统计学意义(OR=0.08,95%CI为0.04~0.14,P0.001);在胎儿发育迟缓方面,选择性妊娠与非选择性妊娠比较差异有统计学意义(OR=0.18,95%CI为0.09~0.39,P0.001);在子痫前期发生率方面,选择性妊娠与非选择性妊娠比较差异无统计学意义(OR=1.08,95%CI为0.37~3.17,P=0.89);在早产率方面,选择性妊娠与非选择性妊娠比较差异有统计学意义(OR=0.26,95%CI为0.17~0.39,P0.001)。结论:SLE病情稳定期选择妊娠,母婴可获得良好的妊娠结局。     

妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮患者孕期病情活动的影响因素及其与妊娠结局的关系

目的 探讨妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者孕期病情活动的影响因素及其与妊娠结局的关系.方法 对1991年至2005年收治的66例妊娠合并SLE患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 （1）孕前病情不稳定、孕期新发病及孕期泼尼松用药不规范者均出现SLE病情活动;孕期S比病情活动者32例（活动组）,非活动者34例（非活动组）.（2）活动组患者发生子痫前期9例、胎儿生长受限（FGR）13例、治疗性流产7例和早产15例,非活动组分别为1例、5例、1例和4例,两组分别比较,差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）.（3）活动组患者不同器官损伤中,以肾损害对妊娠的影响最大;用logistic回归前进法筛选变量结果显示,肾损害是子痫前期、FGR的独立危险因素.（4）孕期泼尼松用量每天≤15 mg者子痫前期及胎儿丢失发生率分别为4.7%（2/43）及9.3%（4/43）,用量每天≥20 mg者的子痫前期及胎儿丢失发生率分别为33.3%（6/18）及44.4%（8/18）,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 孕前SLE比病情不稳定、孕期新发病及孕期泼尼松用药不规范为SLE病情活动的重要影响因素.孕期SLE病情活动特别是肾损害与不良妊娠结局有密切关系.孕期泼尼松用量每天≥20 mg者发生子痫前期及胎儿丢失的几率大于每天≤15 mg者.     

妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮61例临床分析

目的:探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)对妊娠并发症、妊娠结局、分娩方式的影响。方法:回顾性分析天津医科大学总医院2010年1月1日—2015年12月31日收治的61例妊娠合并SLE患者的临床资料,根据SLE妊娠时机及孕前临床表现、实验室检查等分为SLE稳定组(35例)和SLE活动组(26例),并对2组的妊娠并发症、妊娠结局、分娩方式进行比较。结果:(1)在妊娠并发症方面,SLE活动组子痫前期的发生率显著高于稳定组(58%vs.0,P=0.000),胎膜早破、胎儿窘迫、胎儿生长受限、产后出血、羊水过少的发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)在妊娠结局及分娩方式方面,SLE活动组早产(50%vs.20%,P=0.014)、低出生体质量儿(50%vs.20%,P=0.014)、中期引产(27%vs.3%,P=0.018)的发生率均高于SLE稳定组,但2组的早产低出生体质量儿、足月产低出生体质量儿发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.270)。SLE活动组自然分娩率低于稳定组(0 vs.43%,P=0.000)。2组间死胎剖宫产的发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)孕期发现的4例SLE患者,其中2例是由于反复胎心率波动于115~125次/min之间,于我院风湿科门诊就诊,确诊为SLE。结论:SLE孕产妇属于高危妊娠患者,孕期应密切监测SLE患者的临床表现,血压,以及尿蛋白、肝肾功能、免疫学指标等实验室检查指标,及时发现SLE病情活动情况,及时处理,以减少妊娠并发症及不良结局。孕期发生子痫前期时应排除SLE,对于孕期反复胎心率低的孕产妇也应警惕合并SLE。     

妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮42例临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者孕期病情活动与否对母婴结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析2007年1月至2013年12月北京大学第三医院收治的42例妊娠合并SLE患者的临床资料,SLE病情活动组23例,非活动组19例。结果:1除外流产,SLE病情活动组终止妊娠的孕周较非活动组小(36.2±2.8周vs 38.1±0.7周,P=0.021),早产率较非活动组高(46.7%vs 6.7%,P=0.035),活产儿平均体重低于非活动组(2456.2±754.6 g vs 2956.3±420.0 g,P=0.048)。2各类合并症中,妊娠合并狼疮肾炎发生率最高(19.0%),妊娠期高血压疾病在SLE病情活动组发生率明显高于非活动组(34.8%vs 5.3%,P=0.027),其他如妊娠期糖尿病、胎儿生长受限、羊水少、胎膜早破、前置胎盘等并发症两组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。3孕前每天激素用量10 mg组流产及早产发生率明显高于每天激素用量≤10 mg组(55.6%vs 9.5%,75.0%vs 5.3%,P均0.05)。结论:SLE患者妊娠时发生妊娠期高血压疾病、早产、低出生体重儿的几率在SLE病情活动时明显增加,建议在病情稳定半年以上或疾病缓解期受孕,控制孕前激素用量。孕前激素用量10mg的患者流产及早产率高。     

妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮的妊娠结局及预后

目的 了解妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)的临床特点、妊娠结局及远期预后. 方法对我院34例妊娠合并SLE患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并对其中26例患者进行了0.5～15年的随访. 结果 (1)34例患者,共35次妊娠,其中妊娠时处于缓解期8例,控制期8例,活动期1例,孕期初发者(妊娠后诊断者)18例(10例于孕期确诊,8例妊娠终止后确诊);(2)妊娠前诊断的病情缓解组和控制组内分别有2例、3例SLE在妊娠期活动,孕期SLE恶化最常见的临床表现依次为蛋白尿、乏力、水肿、高血压、皮疹,血C3下降;(3)孕期初发组中,7例(38.9%)初始表现为蛋白尿、高血压、水肿等妊娠期高血压的症状;(4)病情缓解组患者的年龄显著大于孕期初发组[(32.4±5.5)岁和(26.6±3.9)岁,P=0.034],产后随访显示病情缓解组狼疮性肾炎活动者1例,显著低于孕期初发组(1/4和100%,P=0.004),亦低于病情控制组(6/6,P=0.033). 结论 SLE患者妊娠后对肾脏的损害与其年龄无关,而取决于孕前SLE病情,在SLE缓解期妊娠对肾脏远期损害最低.孕期初发SLE患者肾脏远期损伤较重,预后不良.     

妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮180例临床分析

目的:探讨孕期新发狼疮、狼疮肾炎对妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者母婴结局的影响。方法:回顾分析2009年1月至2018年12月广州医科大学附属第三医院收治的180例妊娠合并SLE患者的临床资料。依据SLE发生时间分为孕前SLE组和孕期新发SLE组;依据肾脏是否受累,将孕前SLE组分为狼疮肾炎组和非狼疮肾炎组。结果:相比活产产妇,胚胎丢失产妇的高血压、低补体血症、尿蛋白、贫血、狼疮肾炎发生率显著升高(P0.05)。相比孕前SLE组,孕期新发SLE组的母婴结局更差。孕前SLE组中,相比非狼疮肾炎组,狼疮肾炎组的母体结局更差。结论:孕期新发SLE的母婴结局更差,孕前SLE狼疮肾炎组的母体结局更差。     

妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮患者孕期并发症及妊娠结局的临床分析

目的分析并探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者的孕期并发症情况及妊娠结局。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2010年3月北京大学人民医院收治的19例妊娠合并SLE患者的临床资料,对影响SLE合并妊娠并发症的相关因素和SLE不同妊娠时机的妊娠结局进行分析。结果 19例患者中11例(11/19,57.9%)出现了母儿并发症,4例重度子痫前期,1例流产,2例死胎,2例足月低出生体重,4例早产。无并发症组8例,两组患者的孕产次及孕前病程、分娩方式无明显差异,但无并发症组患者的年龄小于并发症组,分娩孕周明显延长,新生儿体重明显增加,两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.006);孕前病情的稳定程度对孕期母儿并发症的影响差异无统计学意义(P=0.633);但妊娠前病情稳定大于6个月的患者出现并发症的比例较低(6/12,50.0%vs5/7,71.4%)。3例妊娠期间诊断SLE的患者均在孕期或产后出现了严重的并发症,1例(1/3,33.3%)新生儿诊断为SLE;与孕前病情控制平稳6个月的患者相比,分娩孕周较小,新生儿体重较低(P0.05)。结论 SLE患者即使孕前病情控制平稳,妊娠后仍有可能出现严重的母儿并发症。在病情控制平稳后妊娠,孕期在产科和风湿科医师的共同严密监测下,坚持治疗,适时终止妊娠是改善母婴结局的关键。同时应注意提高对妊娠期SLE的诊断。     

妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮66例临床分析

目的 探讨系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者妊娠时机及其对妊娠结局的影响。方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2013年2月中山大学附属第一医院收治的66例妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮患者的临床资料,依据妊娠时机,分为选择性妊娠组40例及非选择性妊娠组26例。结果 选择性妊娠组活产39例（97.5%）,早产12例（30.8%）,8例发生子痫前期（20.5%）,妊娠期疾病出现活动10例(25％);非选择性妊娠组活产6例(23.1％),100%早产,4例发生子痫前期（66.7%）,妊娠期疾病出现活动23例(88.5％)。选择性妊娠组妊娠期间疾病活动少于非选择性妊娠组(P<0.01),活产率高于非选择性妊娠组(P<0.01),早产率低于非选择性妊娠组(P=0.002),子痫前期发生率低于非选择性妊娠组（P=0.035）。结论 SLE患者选择适当的妊娠时机,妊娠期间加强风湿免疫科及产科的监护,可以提高活产率;降低妊娠期间病情活动,可获良好的妊娠结局。     

妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮16例妊娠结局分析

目的 探讨妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)对妊娠结局的影响.方法 回顾性分析2004年1月到2007年9月广州医学院第三附属医院16例妊娠合并SLE资料.结果 16例妊娠合并SLE患者中非活动期3例,活动期13例.活动期患者中孕产妇死亡1例;子痈前期3例,其中脑梗死1例;狼疮性肾炎3例;胎儿生长受限3例,胎儿窘迫4例,治疗性流产3倒,死胎引产3例.活动期者新生儿低体重6例,新生儿窒息3例.早产4例,新生儿1例死亡.结论 SLE患者应掌握好妊娠时机,非活动期选择性妊娠,缓解期及控制期在妇产科、风湿科医生共同指导下妊娠,孕期加强监测,孕期合理应用糖皮质激素,并加强母胎监护,可改善母胎妊娠结局.     

Lupus and pregnancy

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disproportionately affects women in their reproductive age years. Pregnancy in this systemic autoimmune disease has long been associated with poor obstetric outcomes. However, the frequency of pregnancy loss in lupus has dropped to a level commensurate with that of the general US population. The outcomes of lupus pregnancies are better if conception is delayed until the disease has been inactive for at least 6 months, and the medication regimen has been adjusted in advance. Pregnancy in lupus is prone to complications, including flares of disease activity during pregnancy or in the postpartum period, preeclampsia, miscarriage, stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation, and preterm birth. Active lupus nephritis poses the greatest risk. The recognition of a lupus flare during pregnancy may be difficult because the signs and symptoms may mimic those of normal pregnancy. Monitoring should include baseline and monthly laboratory tests, serial ultrasonography, fetal surveillance tests, and fetal m-mode echocardiography for mothers with SS-A (Ro) or SS-B (La) antibodies. In the absence of any signs or symptoms of active SLE, affected patients require no specific treatment during pregnancy. If hydroxychloroquine was in use before conception, it should be maintained throughout pregnancy. If a woman with SLE has antiphospholipid antibodies, prophylactic treatment with aspirin and/or low-molecular weight heparin is indicated to prevent fetal loss. Lupus flares during pregnancy are generally treated with hydroxychloroquine, low-dose prednisone, pulse intravenous methylprednisolone, and azathioprine. High-dose prednisone and cyclophosphamide are reserved for severe lupus complications but are associated with significant pregnancy-related complications and poor obstetrical outcomes.     

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Perinatal and Neonatal Implications

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that can affect almost all organ systems in the body. It is most common in women of childbearing age and may cause multiple peripartum complications. This article reviews the pathophysiology of SLE and the effects of SLE on fertility and pregnancy. The complexities of managing a pregnant patient with SLE are reviewed, and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration discussed, as well as the effects of SLE on the fetus and a review of neonatal lupus erythematosus. Finally, a case report of a pregnant patient with SLE with challenging clinical management issues is presented.     

Obstetrical outcome of pregnancy in patients with systemic Lupus erythematosus. A study of 60 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the course of maternal diseases and the outcome of pregnancy in patients with systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). STUDY DESIGN: During a period of 11 years we prospectively followed 60 pregnancies in 46 SLE patients in a tertiary care center in Barcelona (Spain). The management protocol included: (1) planning of conception when disease was inactive; (2) frequent follow-up visits by an internist-obstetrician team; (3) use of sequential ultrasonographic, Doppler and fetal echocardiographic examinations; (4) serial evaluations of maternal immunological condition; and (5) low dose aspirin from 1 month before attempting conception and throughout pregnancy was added in women with antiphospholipid antibodies. From 1985 until 1994 prednisone prophylaxis was used in all lupus patients during the last month of pregnancy and during the first month of the puerperium; from 1995 onwards this regime was abandoned. RESULTS: The mean (S.D.) age of patients was 28.6 (4.8) years (range 20 to 42) and the mean (S.D.) previous duration of SLE was 6.25 (4.8) years (range 0 to 17). SLE was diagnosed during the pregnancy in two cases (3.3%) and the disease was active at conception in four cases (6.7%); at that time nine patients (15%) were taking prednisone. Antiphospholipid antibodies were positive in 16 patients (30.4%) and there were 10 (16.7%) pregnancies in patients having lupus nephropathy. There were three first-trimester miscarriages (5%) and four (6.7%) voluntary abortions. Obstetric complications in the remaining 53 pregnancies included: preterm delivery, 11 cases (20.8%); intrauterine growth retardation, five cases (9.4%); hypertension, 10 patients (18.9%), five of them fulfilling the criteria of preeclampsia; premature rupture of membranes, four patients (7.5%); finally, 13 neonates had a birthweight lower than 2500 g. There were 15 lupus flares (28.3%), giving a flare rate of 0.044 per patient/month. There were five neonatal deaths (perinatal mortality rate, 94 per thousand): one because of complete heart block, three due to severe hyaline membrane disease resulting from extreme prematurity and one intrauterine death in a patient having the Leiden mutation. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy in patients with SLE should not be regarded as an unacceptable high-risk condition for the mother or her baby provided that conception is accurately planned and patients are managed according to a careful multidisciplinary treatment schedule.     

Lupus anticoagulant in pregnancy

In a group of 10 women with circulating lupus anticoagulant 25 intrauterine deaths were previously documented in the nine multigravidae. The presence of lupus anticoagulant activity was confirmed by showing prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time and kaolin clotting time with failure of correction of the prolongation on incubation with normal plasma. A clinical diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was made in four women. Three had deep vein thrombosis in pregnancy, one chorea gravidarum while two had only recurrent fetal losses. All the women had positive antinuclear antibody tests and blood platelet counts less than 175 X 10(9)/l. Anti-smooth muscle antibody and VDRL tests were each positive in half the patients; anti-DNA antibody was present in two patients with clinically active SLE. In six pregnancies correction of the activated partial thromboplastin and kaolin clotting time was attempted using prednisone (40-60 mg/day); aspirin, 75 mg/day, was added. Five live infants were obtained, four by spontaneous delivery, when the restoration of the clotting abnormalities to normal was achieved. In one woman presenting with extensive deep vein thrombosis a live infant was delivered following therapeutic doses of heparin and low dose aspirin. Maternal lupus anticoagulant activity has major implications for pregnancy and should be excluded in women with a clinical suspicion of SLE, a positive antinuclear antibody test, thrombotic episodes, biologically false-positive VDRL and unexplained late or repetitive early fetal losses.     

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Pregnancy

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in pregnancy is associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidity including fetal loss, growth restriction, and maternal hypertension. Pregnancy complications are more frequent and more severe when conception occurs in patients with lupus nephritis or antiphospholipid antibodies, or during a period of active disease. Lupus flares occur in the majority of pregnancies and often involve the renal and haematologis systems. They tend to be mild to moderate and are treatable with medical therapy, primarily glucocorticoids. Neonatal lupus syndrome is a rare complication of maternal SLE. It is associated with transplacental passage of anti-Ro and/or anti-La antibodies, resulting in cutaneous, haematologic, and cardiac manifestations. Cardiac involvement is common in this syndrome, manifesting as complete congenital heart block due to destruction of the fetal conduction system by antibodies. Antepartum steroid use may be useful in treatment or prevention of congenital heart block. With optimal prenatal care and fetal antepartum surveillance, patients with SLE may have successful, although high risk, pregnancies.     

Renal Histology and Pregnancy Performance in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Previous reports indicate that maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancies complicated by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be strongly influenced by the presence of renal disease. As the relationship between renal histology and clinical function in SLE is not consistent, prospective data on the outcones of such pregnancies would aid patient counselling. Fifteen women with SLE had 18 pregnancies subsequent to renal biopsies, performed from 3 months to 8 years prior to conception. Their renal function was evaluated before, during and after pregnancy. Fourteen of 15 patients had evidence of renal involvement, based on by light and electron microscopic sections: 7 had mesangial involvement (WHO Class II); 5 had active focal or diffues glomerulonephritis (Classes III and IV); two had membranous involvement (Class V); 1, no evident disease. Perinatal outcome was similar whether lesions were milder (8 continuing pregnancies, 4 term deliveries) or more severe (6 continuing pregnancies, 3 term deliveries). Clinical renal function was normal in all but 3 cases at the beginning of pregnancy; 2 additional patients experienced moderate deteriorations in renal function during pregnancy but recovered normal function in the puerperium. Fetal outcome was abnormal (3 premature deliveries, 1 neonatal death, 1 spontaneous abortion) in all cases where renal function was decreased, while 10 of 13 pregnancies in patients with normal renal function ended in term deliveries. The data suggest that currently preconceptual rena histology provides a less accurate basis for perinatal counselling than does the assessment of clinica renal function.     

妊娠期狼疮危象的早期识别和规范化救治

系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE)是一种好发于育龄期女性的慢性自身免疫性疾病,狼疮危象是指急性的危及生命的重症SLE。妊娠可使SLE患者病情加重,甚至诱发狼疮危象。早期识别和规范化治疗妊娠期狼疮危象,是抢救患者生命的关键。     

79例妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮临床资料分析

目的　探讨影响妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮 (SL E)妊娠结局的相关因素 ,提出 SL E患者最佳的受孕时机和孕期的监护 ,预防妊娠 SL E的恶化及 SL E对妊娠的不良影响 ,以提高围产质量。　方法　回顾分析 79例妊娠合并 SL E的临床资料。　结果　妊娠合并 SL E其新生儿体重明显低于正常妊娠组 ,二次以上妊娠组新生儿妊娠结局较初次妊娠组差。在 SL E活动期受孕者其妊娠结局亦较在 SL E缓解期受孕组差 ,SL E肾炎型孕妇妊娠结局较非肾炎型组差。　结论　 SL E患者应首先控制疾病的活动 ,在产科医师和内科医师的指导下受孕 ,并应避免多次妊娠对下次妊娠结局带来的不利影响。泼尼松是目前安全可靠的妊娠期预防 SL E恶化 ,控制 SL E活动的药物之一。 SL E孕妇应加强孕产期的监护 ,以争取良好的妊娠结局     

Predictors of poor obstetric outcome in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a 10-year experience of a university hospital

Objective: To compare the maternal and fetal outcome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by a retrospective analysis from 2005 to 2010, and a prospective follow-up of pregnant SLE patients from 2010 to 2015 to find out predictors of poor obstetric outcome.

Methods: The study included 236 SLE pregnant females (retrospective group) whose data were viewed retrospectively from their medical records, and 214 SLE pregnant females (prospective group) who were followed prospectively to record their maternal and fetal outcome.

Results: There was a highly significant difference between the two groups regarding abortion, venous thromboembolism, prematurity, and intrauterine fetal death (p?p?p?Conclusion: Improved maternal and fetal outcome in women with SLE has occurred following integrated multidisciplinary approach. This emphasizes the importance of postponing pregnancy when predictors of poor outcome are encountered.