锁骨骨折手术与非手术治疗的疗效观察

目的为基层医院治疗锁骨骨折寻求更合适的治疗方法。方法对24例成人严重移位的锁骨中段骨折,分手术和非手术两组进行治疗。结果手术组4~7个月去除内固定,有2例出现再骨折,2例内固定松动骨折移位,其中1例畸形愈合,1例改为非手术治疗;非手术组5~6周去除外固定,12例骨折均如期愈合,无再折及其他并发症,12周功能完全恢复。结论锁骨骨折非手术治疗后,骨折对位虽然欠佳,但愈合时间短、功能恢复快、治疗费用低,优于手术治疗,尤其适用于低收入患者和基层医院。     

克氏针内固定治疗锁骨骨折

锁骨骨折通常是保守治疗 ,但畸形愈合却很多。对明显移位的锁骨骨折采用手术治疗 ,如钢板螺钉内固定 ,虽然固定比较坚固 ,但手术切口太大 ,局部组织损伤较重 ,其骨膜剥离过多对术后骨折愈合的影响很大。 1996～ 1999年我们采用改良克氏针内固定治疗锁骨骨折 92例 ,疗效满意 ,报道如下。临床资料一、一般资料 :本组 92例 ,其中男性 81例 ,女性 11例 ,年龄为 14～ 5 0岁。所有骨折均为车祸或跌伤所致。单纯锁骨骨折 83例 ,多发性骨折 9例 ,骨折后 1周内行手术治疗 85例 ,2周内行手术治疗 7例 ,无 1例术后出现骨不连 ,骨折愈合率达到 10 0 %。…     

AO内固定系统治疗锁骨骨折(附25例报告)

锁骨骨折是临床上常见的骨折之一。锁骨干骨折一般不用内固定都可愈合,因此对大多数病例可采用非手术治疗。但对于骨折端成角移位明显有穿破皮肤的危险的骨折;锁骨外端明显移位的骨折;以及陈旧性不愈合的骨折手术内固定仍是一种理想的选择1。本院自1998年7月起,采用AO内固定系统治疗锁骨骨折共计25例,取得理想疗效。1临床资料1.1一般资料:本组锁骨骨折病例25例,年龄22～50岁,其中锁骨外侧端骨折为3例,余均为锁骨干骨折,5例为严重粉碎性骨折。受伤到治疗时间为3～15天,平均为6天。随访时间达3～6月。1.2手术方法:手术在臂丛麻醉下进行。患者…     

锁骨骨折不同治疗方法疗效观察

目的评估锁骨骨折不同治疗方法的效果及适应证。方法治疗锁骨骨折49例,术前行Craig分类,移位较轻的稳定型锁骨骨折行非手术治疗,移位明显的A型病例,BⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ型病例,CⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ型病例采用切开复位内固定手术治疗,全部患者分别于术后3、6、12个月复查,按Constant评分法评估。结果49例患者骨折愈合44例,延迟愈合4例,不愈合1例。手术病例骨折愈合时间为3～7个月,平均4.2个月;非手术病例骨折愈合时间为3～9个月,平均4.7个月。Constant评分,手术组83～100分,平均95.4分;非手术组78～100分,平均92.5分。结论移位较轻或手法复位后较稳定的骨折,非手术治疗均可获得满意效果。锁骨中1/3骨折,中外段锁骨骨折,内1/3锁骨骨折适合重建钢板或半管型钢板固定,接近或涉及关节的外1/3骨折使用锁骨钩钢板固定可获得满意效果。     

重建钢板治疗锁骨骨折

锁骨骨折在临床上比较常见 ,一般主张保守治疗 ,但因复位容易 ,固定困难 ,致使骨折再移位 ,畸形愈合或不愈合 ,影响肩关节活动。 1999年 2月～2 0 0 1年 3月 ,我们采用切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗锁骨骨折 2 3例 ,取得了满意疗效。1　材料与方法1.1　病例资料　本组 2 3例 ,男 17例 ,女 6例 ,年龄 18～ 6 4岁。车祸伤 14例 ,坠落伤 9例 ;左侧 15例 ,右侧 8例 ;横形和短斜形骨折 12例 ,粉碎性骨折 11例。均为新鲜骨折 ,合并其他损伤 11例。伤后 1～ 12天接受手术治疗。1.2　手术方法　患者仰卧位 ,患侧肩部垫高 ,颈丛麻醉。以骨折处为中心做…     

四肢火器伤的诊治体会

目的通过研究火器伤所致四肢损伤患者的特点及预后,从而为战时火器伤救治提供有效的方法。方法回顾性分析自2005-01—2016-12诊治的6例四肢火器伤患者,经伤道由浅入深逐层进行清创,1例术中探查发现坐骨神经断裂,清创后直接吻合。3例合并骨折患者用外固定架临时固定骨折,二期缝合伤口或游离皮片植皮,伤口愈合后3个月左右行骨折内固定联合髂骨植骨术。结果术后随访2～8年。1例合并股骨干骨折患者术后1个月出现了迟发性出血,手术探查发现大腿内侧的股深动脉破裂,术中给予结扎止血。2例骨折行钢板内固定联合髂骨植骨术后1年内骨折愈合。1例股骨干骨折发生骨折不愈合,再次行植骨术后骨愈合。1例合并肱骨干骨折患者肘关节功能恢复基本正常。2例合并股骨干骨折患者缺乏功能锻炼,膝关节活动受限。1例坐骨神经损伤吻合患者功能恢复良好,屈踝屈趾肌力达4级,伸踝伸趾肌力3级。结论封闭负压引流技术在四肢火器伤早期处理中应用可以有效减少创面感染的发生,早期需注意肢体迟发性出血并发症,而一期外固定架临时固定、二期钢板内固定是治疗火器伤所致骨折的有效方法。     

克氏针髓内固定治疗锁骨骨折

锁骨骨折通常保守治疗 ,但对有明显移位的锁骨骨折需手术治疗。若采用钢板螺钉内固定虽固定坚固 ,但手术切口大 ,局部组织损伤较重。我们对锁骨中、外 1/ 3骨折则采用 2ｍｍ克氏针髓内固定 ,斜形骨折再加钢丝环扎 ,疗效满意。1　病例资料1992～ 1996年 ,我院共收治锁骨骨折 146例 ,其中男 12 1例 ,女 2 5例 ,年龄 14～ 46岁。所有骨折均因车祸或跌伤所致。伴明显移位单纯锁骨骨折 10 9例 ,多发性骨折 37例。骨折后1周内手术 96例 ,3周内手术 5 0例。其中 6例为术后骨不连。2　手术方法患者仰卧位 ,患侧肩下垫高 ,以骨折处为中心做一长 3～ …     

Ilizarov技术自体骨段延长治疗胫骨感染性骨折不愈合伴骨缺损

目的 探讨Ilizarov技术自体骨段延长治疗胫骨感染性骨折不愈合的疗效.方法 2000年9月至2006年6月共收治胫骨感染性骨折不愈合伴骨缺损患者14例,男11例,女3例;年龄19～49岁,平均31.9岁;胫骨近端3例,中段8例,远端3例.原始损伤:5例为开放骨折钢板内固定,3例为开放骨折髓内钉内固定,4例为开放骨折外固定架固定,2例为闭合骨折钢板内固定术后所致.患者自受伤至此次治疗时间为2～24个月,平均7.54个月;手术次数平均6次(3～14次).根据Jain骨缺损和感染程度分型:A2型5例,B1型2例,B2型7例.窦道形成10例,骨外露4例;骨外露面积最大7 cm×5 cm,最小2 cm×1 cm;清创后骨缺损长度3～12 cm,平均6.71 cm.14例患者均采用清创联合Ilizarov技术自体骨段延长治疗.结果 14例患者均获8个月～6年(平均20个月)随访,均获稳定骨折愈合.住院时间1～7个月,平均3个月;骨折愈合时间6～12个月,平均7.79个月;骨外固定时间8～14个月,平均9.64个月.并发症:针道感染1例,皮肤过敏1例,骨折畸形愈合再截骨1例,提前矿化再截骨1例,断针1例,无深部感染、骨折不愈合和膝关节僵直发生.根据Paley骨折愈合评分标准:优13例,良1例.结论 Ilizarov骨段延长是治疗胫骨感染性骨折不愈合伴大段骨缺损的一种有效方法.     

锁骨骨折82例内固定疗效分析

锁骨骨折在临床上较常见,约占全身骨折的5.98％,大量文献报道了多种治疗锁骨骨折的方法。多趋于保守治疗,皆因复位容易,固定难,致使骨折再移位,畸型愈合,影响关节功能。本文对我科1985～1992年82例锁骨骨折内固定的手术进行分析,体会到内固定可使骨折端解剖复位,局部稳定,有利于骨折愈合,早期关节活动,避免了外固定常需6—8周给患者带来的痛苦及并发症。     

钢板固定治疗锁骨骨折146例报告

[目的]探讨锁骨骨折的分型及其特点、手术方法和内固定物的选择及钢板内固定的疗效。[方法]回顾1996~2006年6月146例锁骨骨折行切开复位钢板内固定的患者,男98例,女48例,平均年龄38.60岁(8~84)岁,锁骨内1/3骨折9例,锁骨中1/3骨折115例,锁骨外1/3骨折22例,合并臂丛神经损伤7例,血管损伤4例,并有其它骨折者16例,陈旧骨折7例。手术指征:合并血管神经损伤;开放性骨折;陈旧骨折不愈合;锁骨外1/3骨折或骨折合并喙锁韧带折裂;复位后再移位,影响外观,压迫皮肤;不能忍受“8”字绷带固定痛苦。手术方法:内中1/3锁骨骨折均采用切开复位,AO或同类重建板内固定;粉碎骨折采用螺钉固定大碟形骨块,或钢丝临时捆扎,将多块骨折先变成3部分骨折、2部分骨折、最后钢板固定,远端尽量能固定3枚螺丝钉。外1/3骨折尤其伴有韧带损伤者,采用钢板或锁骨钩钢板固定,后者疗效更好,术后不用外固定,早期锻炼肩关节。术后评价:对其外观、骨折愈合时间、关节活动功能、患病期间生活质量进行分析。[结果]根据Neer评定标准,本组经6个月以上随访,术后优96例,65.75%,良50例,34.24%,全组100%骨折在术后2~3个月达骨性愈合,外观正常,肩带无狭窄,局部不形成巨大骨痂,无神经血管压迫症状,患病期间生活质量高。[结论]切开复位钢板内固定治疗锁骨骨折临床疗效确切,缩短病程,提高生活质量,并发症少,手术简便易行,损伤小,可早期功能锻炼,是治疗锁骨骨折的一种好方法。     

火器伤骨折的治疗评价

目的:探讨有限剥离骨膜对老年人股骨干骨折的疗效和安全性。方法:应用钢板固定治疗老年人股骨干骨折45例,男32例,女13例;年龄58~81岁,平均(69.5±7.1)岁。分别采用常规骨膜剥离方法或有限(微创术式)骨膜剥离后,行复位和钢板固定。其中有限骨膜剥离(A组)27例,按Anderson分型:Ⅰ型15例,Ⅱ型8例,Ⅲ型4例。常规骨膜剥离18例(B组),Ⅰ型8例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型5例。分别对两组骨痂形成状况、骨折愈合时间及并发症进行比较。结果:术后随访10~24个月,平均18个月,有限骨膜剥离方法骨痂形成状况、骨折愈合时间与常规骨膜剥离方法相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组优于B组;骨折延迟愈合、非感染性骨不连及骨折畸形愈合等并发症的发生差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.01),B组并发症发生率高于A组。结论:有限骨膜剥离钢板固定治疗老年人股骨干骨折是一种安全、有效的方法。与常规骨膜剥离方法相比,有限骨膜剥离具有骨折愈合时间短、并发症少等优点。     

Treatment of distal clavicle fracture using Kirschner wires and tension-band wires

BACKGROUND: Nonunion frequently follows distal clavicle fracture. Traditional pinning methods using the through acromioclavicular articulation may result in osteoarthritic changes or ankylosis. This study introduces a direct pinning technique in which the acromioclavicular joint is spared. METHODS: Twelve patients with displaced distal clavicle fractures received open reduction and fixation with Kirschner wires (K-wires) and tension-band wires, from May 1996 to March 1997. The indication for surgery was type IIa fracture or fracture with displacement. Unrestricted passive and active range of motion was performed as soon as possible after the operation. Stretching and exertional exercises were permitted after radiographs showed an osseous union and after the implants were removed. RESULTS: Eleven patients achieved osseous union with painless full motion. Union time ranged from 3 to 6 months. One patient suffered from more comminuted fracture because of a fall 2 months after operation. This patient received a revision surgery with distal clavicle resection and coracoclavicle reconstruction. Symptomless ossification around the coracoclavicle ligament was noted on radiographs in one patient. The ossification did not progress after the 9-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: Edwards reported a rate of 45% delayed union and 30% nonunion in type II fractures. Several techniques had been described in the relevant literature. In our practice, fixation with Kirschner wires and tension-band wires has been successful in the treatment for displaced distal clavicle fracture.     

Open reduction and plating for displaced mid third clavicle fractures – A prospective study

IntroductionDisplaced middle third clavicle fractures were treated conservatively with figure of ‘8’ harness in the past. Current management trend in treating displaced clavicle fractures with internal fixation provide rigid immobilization and pain relief avoiding non-union, shortening and deformity. This study prospectively evaluates the functional outcome of 25 patients with clavicle fractures treated surgically.Materials and methods25 patients with displaced mid third clavicle fractures were included in the study. Open reduction and internal fixation with clavicular locking plate placed superiorly was done. Patients were followed up on 3, 6, 8, and 12 weeks. Functional outcome was assessed using DASH scores and Simple Shoulder Test (SST). Statistical analysis was done using One-way ANOVA.ResultsOut of the 26 clavicles operated (one patient had bilateral fracture), 6 were comminuted (23%) and the rest were 2 part displaced fractures. Interfragmentary screws were used in 3 cases with butterfly fragment. All fractures united (mean = 6.8 weeks). The DASH scores reduced to a significant negligible level by 8 weeks in all but 4 cases with comminution where it took longer than 8 weeks to reach negligible levels. The SST showed significant improvement in all cases by 8 weeks after surgery. All patients were satisfied with the outcome. 84% of patients returned to their work by 6 weeks.ConclusionPrimary plating of displaced mid third clavicle fractures with superiorly placed locking plate avoids complications of non-operative management and leads to early return to pre injury activities.     

Plate versus titanium elastic nail in treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures: A comparative study

Background:

With changing trends in treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures (DMCF), plating remains the standard procedure for fixation. An attracting alternative method of fixation is the titanium elastic nailing (TEN). However, prospective randomized studies comparing the two methods of fixation are lacking. We assessed the effectiveness of minimally invasive antegrade TEN and plating technique for the treatment of DMCF.

Materials and Methods:

80 unilateral displaced midclavicular fractures operated between October 2010 and May 2013 were included in study. This prospective comparative study was approved by the local ethical committee. Followups were at 2^nd and 6^th weeks and subsequently at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months postoperatively. Primary outcome was measured by the Constant score, union rate and difference in clavicular length after fracture union. Secondary outcome was measured by operative time, intraoperative blood loss, wound size, cosmetic results and complications.

Results:

During analysis, we had 37 patients in the plate group and 34 patients in the TEN group. There was no significant difference in Constant scores between the two groups. However, faster fracture union, lesser operative time, lesser blood loss, easier implant removal and fewer complications were noted in the TEN group.

Conclusion:

The use of minimally invasive antegrade TEN for fixation of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures is recommended in view of faster fracture union, lesser morbidity, better cosmetic results, easier implant removal and fewer complications; although for comminuted fractures plating remains the procedure of choice.     

Collateral ligament avulsion fractures from the heads of the metacarpals of the fingers

Nineteen patients with collateral ligament avulsion fractures from the metacarpal heads of the fingers were treated during a 6 year period. Seven undisplaced fractures were initially treated conservatively. Four united with full movement. Three required internal fixation for symptomatic non-union and healed without problems. Eleven patients with displaced fractures were treated by primary internal fixation using a single lag screw through a dorsal approach. Seven of these achieved a full range of movement of the injured digit by 3 months. Four patients failed to regain full flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint. One patient with a displaced and comminuted fracture was treated with internal fixation at 8 weeks when the fragment had consolidated. As with similar fractures from the proximal phalangeal bases, these fractures are prone to non-union when treated conservatively, even when undisplaced. If fixation becomes necessary, the delay of a trial of conservative treatment does not appear to affect the outcome. Internal fixation of displaced fractures allows gentle mobilisation and facilitates union.     

Temporary coracoclavicular screw fixation for displaced distal clavicle fractures

PURPOSE: To assess the treatment outcome of temporary coracoclavicular screw fixation for displaced distal clavicle fractures. METHODS: From January 1995 to December 2003, 30 consecutive patients with Neer type II displaced distal clavicle fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using a coracoclavicular screw. The screw was removed under local anaesthesia after bony union. Patients were evaluated by clinical and radiological examination. Functional outcome was assessed by a simple shoulder test. RESULTS: There was 100% union rate. All patients returned to their pre-injury activity level by 12 months. One patient developed a superficial wound infection, which resolved with oral antibiotics. Two patients had problems with mild backing out of the screw, but both had bony union by the time of screw removal. The mean score of the simple shoulder test of 28 patients was 11. CONCLUSION: Treatment outcome using temporary coracoclavicular screw fixation for displaced distal clavicle fractures is favourable. The implant is readily available and the technique is simple, safe, cost-effective, and reproducible.     

Transacromial Knowles pin in the treatment of Neer type 2 distal clavicle fracturesA prospective evaluation of 32 cases

BACKGROUND: The high rate of non-union makes surgical intervention necessary for a distal clavicle fracture. This report presents the outcome of a simple surgical method using a transacrominal Knowles pin for this unstable fracture. METHODS: In this study, 32 patients with Neer type 2 distal clavicle fractures were treated using a single transacromial Knowles pin without repair of the torn ligament. All 32 patients were studied prospectively and followed up for a mean of 80 months (range, 12-132 months). The clinical outcome was evaluated with the UCLA score, and the fracture union was judged roentgenographically. RESULTS: All the patients showed excellent results with solid union. The mean union time was 6.8 weeks (range, 4-12 weeks). No major complication was noted, and only one asymptomatic acromioclavicular arthrosis developed. CONCLUSIONS: Single transacrominal Knowles pin fixation offers a simple and safe method for treating patients with displaced Neer type 2 distal clavicle fractures.     

Problem fractures associated with gunshot wounds in children

Twenty-seven fractures in 22 children (14 female, 8 male; average age: 10.5) who suffered gunshot wounds were retrospectively evaluated. Fourteen of the fractures were caused by high-velocity weapons, four by low-velocity weapons, and nine by shotguns. One of the fractures was undisplaced, two were displaced, 10 were comminuted, seven were comminuted and displaced, and seven had bony defects. Accompanying pathologies included four physeal, three articular, four visceral, four arterial, six peripheral nerve, and one spinal cord injury. Initial treatment involved external fixation in 15 patients and internal fixation in one patient for bone stabilization, while the remaining patients were treated conservatively.Late-stage surgery was necessary to achieve soft-tissue coverage in three patients and to achieve union in six patients. Major complications included amputation in one patient, non-union in two, delayed union in one, osteomyelitis in one, paraplegia in one, and loss of peripheral nerve functions in three.The treatment of fractures associated with firearm injuries in children is never simple. Fracture defects, accompanying peripheral nerve damage and involvement of the joint negatively is affect the outcome, increasing the chance that late-stage surgery will be necessary. Internal bone transport appears to be an efficacious technique in the treatment of bone and soft-tissue defects associated with firearm injuries in children.     

解剖锁定钢板联合锚钉治疗NeerⅡb型锁骨远端粉碎骨折

目的探讨解剖锁定钢板联合锚钉治疗NeerⅡb型锁骨远端粉碎骨折的疗效。方法采用解剖锁定钢板联合锚钉治疗18例NeerⅡb型锁骨远端粉碎骨折患者。末次随访采用Constant-Murley评分标准进行肩关节功能评定。结果患者均获得随访,时间10~27个月。1例术后发生浅表切口感染,经换药及口服抗生素后愈合;其余17例均无切口感染、骨折延迟愈合、内固定松动、断裂及继发骨折等并发症发生。骨折全部愈合,时间10~20周。末次随访时,喙锁间距患侧与健侧比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Constant-Murley评分为81~98分,其中优14例,良4例。结论解剖锁定钢板联合锚钉治疗NeerⅡb型锁骨远端粉碎骨折,可获得接近解剖的喙锁间距及良好的肩关节功能,且骨折愈合快、并发症少。     

Treatment of distal clavicle fracture with distal radius volar locking compression plate

Objective: To observe the early clinical outcomes of the internal fixation with distal radius volar locking compression plate (LCP) in treatment of distal clavicle fracture.Methods: Six patients with unilateral distal clavicle fractures, identified as type Ⅱ according to Neer classification system, including 4 males and 2 females, were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using a distal radius volar LCP. Bone union was evaluated by routine X-ray radiography, and shoulder joint function were assessed by Constant score system.Results: All fractures achieved bone union at 6 to 8 weeks postoperatively, and Constant scores ranged from 95 to 100 at the postoperative 10 to 12 weeks.Conclusion: Fixation of distal clavicle fracture with distal radius volar LCP demonstrates excellent effects of bone union with rarely early complications, thus providing a new technique to treat distal clavicle fracture.