武警新兵入伍前状况与入伍后军事训练伤发生关系的研究

目的：了解武警部队军事训练伤的发生率,探讨武警新兵入伍前状况与入伍后军事训练伤发生的关系,为制订训练伤预防措施及选兵标准提供科学依据。方法：采用队列研究,选取807名男性武警新兵填写自行设计的调查表,依照《军事训练伤诊断标准与防治原则》进行军事训练伤的诊断,随访1年。结果：武警新兵军事训练伤的累积发生率为16．1人次／100人年。在损伤类型中以过劳性损伤为主,占全部损伤的77．7％,而急性损伤仅占22．3％。经单因素分析发现：民族差异、是否参加农业劳动、下肢损伤史、是否参加体育活动、跑步情况以及是否参加跑步比赛均与军事训练伤有统计学联系（P＜0．05）;将上述6项指标一次性引入非条件Logistic回归,发现入伍前有下肢损伤史、参加农业劳动是军事训练伤发生的危险因素,而入伍前参加跑步活动则是保护性因素。OR值分别为6．75、2．47和0．46。结论：武警新兵入伍前状况与入伍后军事训练伤的发生有关。为减少武警新兵军事训练伤的发生率,应选择入伍前身体素质良好,无下肢损伤史者入伍。     

体重指数与心血管病几大生物学危险因素个体聚集性的关系

本文分析１２７５５名中年（３５～５９岁）男女人群中高血压、高血清胆固醇（高ＴＣ）、高血糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇过低（低ＨＤＬＣ）及其个体聚集性与体重指数（ＢＭＩ）水平的关系。结果表明：人群中高血压、高ＴＣ、高血糖及低ＨＤＬＣ的现患率均随ＢＭＩ上升而明显升高；此四种高危因素中，具有至少一种和同时具有至少二种的个体在人群中所占百分比亦随ＢＭＩ上升而明显升高，且后者上升的速度远大于前者。此结果不受年龄和性别的影响，表明超重和肥胖伴随着其它各种心血管病危险因素的恶化。ＢＭＩ对于心血管病一级预防具有重要价值，可用于检出心血管病高危个体和人群，以便进行危险因素的干预     

军校学员训练损伤的心理因素分析

目的通过了解某军校学员训练损伤的心理因素,为学员心理教育的针对性提供依据。方法使用SCL-90问卷和状态焦虑-特质焦虑问卷和自编基本情况调查表对632名大四学员进行调查分析,通过频数分析和独立样本t检验,探讨学员训练损伤的心理因素。结果在调查群体中,89.7%的学员受过伤,学员在毕业体能联考训练期间受伤比例最高(39.6%),在受伤科目上,主要集中在体能(74.7%)和战术(33.2%)上。在受伤部位上,主要集中在踝关节(55.7%)和小腿(35.1%)。在受伤原因上,主要的原因是疲劳(38.1%),受伤学员的躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性和其他等因子的得分明显高于没有受过伤的学员(P0.05或P0.01);感到身体疲劳的学员在躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病因子上的得分显著高于没有身体疲劳感的学员(P0.05或P0.01)。结论应加强军校学员在体能联考期间的心理辅导,减少训练损伤的发生。     

Relationship between radiosensitivity of human neonatal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and individual maternal/neonatal obstetric factors

Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in placental/umbilical cord blood (CB), which is neonatal peripheral blood, have increasingly been used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantations. It is likely HSPCs are sensitive to extracellular oxidative stresses, such as ionizing radiation and redox-directed chemotherapeutic agents. However, the radiosensitivity of HSPCs and neonatal hematopoietic system remains unclear. This study investigated the potential relationship between the radiosensitivity of HSPCs in CB, which was obtained from singleton and full-term deliveries, and maternal/neonatal obstetric factors. Freshly prepared CB CD34(+) cells exposed to 2 Gy X-irradiation were assayed for hematopoietic progenitor cells such as colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E), colony-forming unit-granulocyte-erythroid-macrophage-megakaryocyte (CFU-Mix), and colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte (CFU-Meg). As a result, the neonatal weight, placental weight, CB volume, total low-density (LD) cells, and CD34(+) cells showed mutually significant positive correlations. The CB volume and total LD cells showed a significant reverse correlation with the surviving fraction of CFU-Meg. The surviving fraction of CFU-GM in spring (March-May) was significantly higher than that in autumn (September-November). The surviving fraction of CFU-Meg in the spring was significantly lower than that in the autumn. Male neonates showed a significantly higher surviving fraction of CFU-GM than female neonates. Contrarily, females showed a significantly higher surviving fraction of CFU-Meg than males. The present results suggest that the obstetric factors, such as the season of birth and neonatal gender, influence the radiosensitivity of neonatal hematopoiesis.     

Relationship between smoking habit and sociodemographic factors

The main purpose of conducting this study is to investigate the sociodemographic factors influencing the initiation of smoking habit in Al-Madinah city. A representative random sample was selected from different sectors in Al-Madinah region including government directorates employees, hospitals physicians, school students and others. Data were collected by a self administered questionnaire and analyzed by using the computer system. The results revealed that age, marital status, number of children and family smoking were significant influencing factors for initiating smoking habit, however, no significant relationships were found between smoking habit and education or monthly income. Our findings showed that about 80% of the smokers were cigarette smokers and 72% of them have tried to quit smoking but failed to do so, the reasons of failure were attributed to social and psychological stresses in 63% of cases. Our data also showed that friends and imitation of adults (51.2%) were the main reasons for initiating smoking habit.     

唾液酸与急性肺损伤发病关系的初步研究

目的：探讨唾液酸（SA）与急性肺损伤（ALI）发病的关系。方法：对油酸型肺损伤动物模型的外周血血小板、肺灌洗液（BALF）中的血小板激活因子（PAF）和SA进行测定,并与肺病理变化进行对照分析。结果：肺损伤动物外周血血小板减少,BALF中PAF活性和SA浓度增加,肺循环内有微血栓成。结论：在急性肺损伤时,肺循环内有血小板的聚集和活化;血小板膜上的SA是平时使肺循环保环持正常状态的稳定因素之一。     

超声相关径线与新生儿双肩径的关联性研究

目的：研究妊娠后期超声测定胎儿双肩径、锁骨长、肩胛骨长、胸围等相关径线,与出生后新生儿的双肩径进行比较,探讨妊娠后期超声测量上述径线与新生儿双肩径的相关性。方法选取2012年1月至2013年10月在宁波大学医学院附属医院经阴道分娩单胎的孕产妇352例,于分娩前1～3d内由专人测量胎儿双肩径、锁骨长、肩胛骨长、胸围等相关径线。新生儿于分娩后1d内由专人测量胸围、肩宽。对超声测量的胎儿锁骨长、肩胛骨长、胸围与新生儿双肩径进行相关性分析。结果由于胎臂运动等影响,超声测量胎儿双肩径和产后新生儿双肩径符合性较差（t＝3．23,P＜0．05）,而超声测量胎儿锁骨长、肩胛骨长、胸围与新生儿双肩径均有良好相关关系（r值分别为0．913、0．765和0．922,均P＜0．05）。结论超声测量胎儿锁骨长、肩胛骨长、胸围与新生儿双肩径有良好相关关系。     

Relation between genetic and non-genetic factors of individual susceptibility to silicosis

The study was carried out at a number of industrial enterprises at risk of silicosis by means of the methodological approach based on the mathematical theory of image discrimination. It was shown that under the given conditions of dust exposure higher or lower probability of the development of silicosis and silicotuberculosis in an individual depended on the whole set of environment and endogenic factors, involving genetic predisposition to the disease as one of the leading factors. The impact of the above factors being similar irrespective of the type of the enterprise, their comparative contribution could be different. Thus reliable prediction of high probability of the disease development could be provided by means of the method of multifactorial analysis only as applied to specific conditions of the given enterprise. In spite of low prevalence of the genotype of silicosis- and silicotuberculosis-associated resistance, under the exposure to quartz dust, high probability of the disease development was predicted only in a number of cases if other individual symptoms were taken into account along the genotype. Therefore it became possible to identify the most susceptible persons at the stage of medical vocational selection.     

Relationship between socioeconomic factors and severe childhood injuries

The objective was to examine the relationship between injury rates and socioeconomic factors for children in Hamilton County, Ohio, using small-area analysis. The subjects were county residents less than 15 years old who were hospitalized or died of injuries between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 1995; they were identified through a population-based trauma registry. The census tract was the unit of analysis; the rate of injury per 100,000 population was the dependent variable. Risk factors included median income, level of education, percentage below the poverty level, percentage unemployment, percentage non-Caucasian, and percentage families headed by females. There were 2,437 children meeting the case definition; injuries per census tract ranged from 0 to 2,020.2 per 100,000 per year. Census tracts with higher injury rates had lower median incomes, more people with less than a high school education, more unemployment, more families headed by females, more people living below the poverty level, and more non-Cancasians han those with lower rates. In a regression model, percentage of people living below poverty level, percentage of those who did not graduate from high school, and percentage unemployment were significant risk factors for injuries, P<.001. Since small-area analysis examines associations on an ecological level rather than an individual level, these studies should always be interpreted with caution because an association found at the level of the census tract may not apply at the individual level. Inverventions to reduce injuries should target socioeconomically disadvantaged children living below the poverty level and those in areas with fewer high school graduates and more unemployment.