PCR直接测序在Wilson病基因第8外显子检出一个突变热点

目的寻找中国人Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ病（ＷＤ）基因突变热点。方法应用ＰＣＲ直接测序法对３０例Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ病患者ＷＤ基因第８外显子进行了突变筛查。结果在１４例患者中发现同一种错义突变Ａｒｇ７７８Ｌｅｕ，其中４例为这一突变的纯合，其余为杂合，突变率为３０％。结论ＷＤ基因第８外显子７７８位密码子（ＣＧＧ→ＣＴＧ）系中国人的突变热点之一。     

中国人WD基因第14和18号外显子的错义突变

目的了解中国人肝豆状核变性（Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ＇ｓｄｉｓｅａｓｅ,ＷＤ）基因第１４和１８号外显子的突变情况,与国外报道的这两个外显子的高突变频率进行比较。方法应用聚合酶链反应－单链构像多态（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）结合ＤＮＡ测序技术,对４４例无亲缘关系的ＷＤ患者及６０例正常对照进行突变检测。结果一例患者在１４号外显子发生了Ａｒｇ１０４１Ｐｒｏ（３１２１Ｇ→Ｃ）纯合错义突变,另一例患者在１８号外显子发生了Ａｓｎ１２７０Ｓｅｒ（３８０９Ａ→Ｇ）杂合错义突变。结论Ａｒｇ１０４１Ｐｒｏ为未报道过的新型错义突变,Ａｓｎ１２７０Ｓｅｒ突变与国外报道一致。但均未呈热区分布。     

Wilson病家系ATP7B基因第18外显子突变及多态

目的：检测中国人Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ病（ＷＤ）基因的第１８外显子（ｅｘｏｎ１８）突变及多态。方法：应用多聚酶链反应－单链构象多态性（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）技术，分析１６个ＷＤ家系５４例个体和１８例正常人ＡＴＰ７Ｂ基因ｅｘｏｎ１８分子结构改变。结果：在ＷＤ家系中发现有３种单链构象，其中１种为正常构象，１种为突变，另１种可能为正常ＤＮＡ多态；１７例ＷＤ患者及其３７例一级亲属中分别检出突变者１０例和１１例，突变率分别为２９．４％和１４．９％。其中一级亲属检出的突变者中有３例经血清铜氧化酶及眼科Ｋ－Ｆ环检查证实为ＷＤ症状前患者。结论：ｅｘｏｎ１８是中国人ＷＤ基因突变热点之一，大多数ＷＤ患者为复合杂合子；应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ技术分析ｅｘ－ｏｎ１８是一种有效的ＷＤ基因筛选方法，也可为无家族史的ＷＤ可疑者提供诊疗依据     

PCR-酶切法检测Wilson病935密码子基因突变

目的：应用ＰＣＲ酶切法对中国人ＷＤ患者ＡＴＰ７Ｂ基因的高频突变点进行检测，企图建立一种能应用于临床的中国人ＷＤ快速基因诊断方法。方法：用限制性内切酶ＭａｅⅡ对４８例患者及３０例正常人的ＡＴＰ７Ｂ基因第１２外显子９３５密码子ＰＣＲ扩增生进行酶切分析。结论：ＡＴＰ７Ｂ基因第１２外显子９３５密码子为中国人ＷＤ患者的高频突变点之一：ＰＣＲ酶切法可作为ＷＤ常用的基因诊断方法应用于症状前期患者的筛选及产前诊断     

染色体单体型分析及突变检测在Wilson病临床诊断中的应用

目的建立染色体单体型分析法与突变检测相结合的Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ病（Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ＇ｓｄｉｓｅａｓｅ,ＷＤ）的基因诊断方法。方法以８个汉族ＷＤ家系为对象,用Ｄ１３Ｓ３１６、Ｄ１３Ｓ１３３和Ｄ１３Ｓ３１４３个［ＣＡ］ｎ重复遗传标记构建染色体单体型,进行ＷＤ家系内的诊断研究;对先证者的致病突变已明确的５个家系,同时用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ检测法检测突变以完善诊断。结果找到了１例无症状期ＷＤ患者,５例杂合子。结论通过分析Ｄ１３Ｓ３１６、Ｄ１３Ｓ１３３、Ｄ１３Ｓ３１４构成的染色体单体型,基本可为先证者同胞兄妹明确诊断;对致病突变已确定的家系,突变检测能为诊断提供直接而肯定的依据。两种方法的联合使用可为诊断提供更多的依据     

中国人血友病甲患者FⅧ基因突变研究

为研究血友病甲发病的分子机理，应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）结合限制性内切酶ＴａｑⅠ酶切分析和ＰＣＲ结合变性梯度凝胶电泳（ＰＣＲ－ＤＧＧＥ），分别研究了７４名中国血友病甲患者ＦⅧ基因外显子１８、２２～２４、２６和外显子８与１４的３′端的基因突变情况，结果检测到一例基因突变，该突变位于第２４号外显子２２０９位密码子，ＣＧＡ－ＴＧＡ，导致了终止密码子的产生。ＰＣＲ－ＤＧＧＥ发现２例基因突变，分别位于外显子８的３４９位密码子，ＧＡＴ－ＧＡＧ，导致Ａｓｐ３４９Ｇｌｕ和外显子１４的１６８９位密码子，ＣＧＣ－ＴＧＣ，使Ａｒｇ１６８９Ｃｙｓ。血友病甲基因突变的研究将有助于开展遗传咨询和产前诊断工作。     

肝豆状核变性基因常见突变区域的DNA分析

目的：本研究对４０例肝豆状核变性（又称Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ病,ＷＤ）病人的外显子１４及１８进行ＤＡＮ测序分析,并比较突变类型与临床表现的关系。方法：提取ＤＡＮ,ＰＣＲ,ＤＮＡ直接测序分析。统计学处理应用ｔ和ｘ２检验。结果：１５例病人在外显子１４或１８上有点突变,其中１０例为Ｈｉｓ１０７０Ｇｌｎ,１例为Ｇｌｕ１０６５Ａｌａ,４例为Ｇｌｙ１２４３Ｇｌｕ。１０例Ｈｉｓ１０７０Ｇｌｎ突变者发病年龄（２１．２±６．３岁）较其它３０例ＷＤ病人（１３．７±５．４岁）晚（ｔ＝８．３２,Ｐ＜０．００１）,且前者肝脏病变的发生率（２／１０）较后者（２４／３０）低（ｘ２＝１３．８５,Ｐ＜０．００５）。结论：Ｈｉｓ１０７０Ｇｌｎ为一常见突变类型且病人发病晚,少有肝脏病变,提示Ｈｉｓ１０７０Ｇｌｎ突变尚未完全破坏运铜蛋白的结构及功能,临床表现与基因突变的位点有关。     

Wilson‘s病的分子生物学进展

Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ＇ｓ病（ＷＤ），又称肝豆状核变性，是一种以铜代谢障碍为特征的常染色体隐性遗传病。其致病基因已定位于１３ｑ１４．３。近年来，通过基因克隆技术已克隆到ＷＤ基因，且分离出ＷＤ基因的ｃＤＮＡ候选片段Ｗｃｌ。序列分析及家系突变研究表明，该基因编码与铜离子活化有关的Ｐ型ＡＴＰ酶。基因的突变形式主要为点突变，而且，通过连锁分析开展ＷＤ的基因诊断也取得了进展。     

应用微卫星DNA单体型检测Wilson病症状前患者及杂合子

目的建立快速、准确、有效的Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ病（Ｗｉｌｓｏｎｄｉｓｅａｓｅ，ＷＤ）患者早期诊断及杂合子检测的基因诊断技术。方法应用Ｄ１３Ｓ３０１、Ｄ１３Ｓ３１６、Ｄ１３Ｓ２９６、ＡＦＭ２３８ｖｃ３、ＡＦＭ０８４ｘｃ５等５个微卫星ＤＮＡ（ｓｈｏｒｔｔａｎｄｅｍｒｅｐｅａｔ，ＳＴＲ），经聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ），扩增片段长度多态性－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＡＦＬＰ－ＰＡＧＥ），对２３个ＷＤ家系１２０名成员的ＤＮＡ进行单体型分析。结果２例拟诊患者得到确诊。在３１例ＷＤ同胞中，检出肯定症状前患者４例、杂合子８例、正常人１７例、可疑患者２例。结论ＳＴＲ单体型可提供高信息量的遗传诊断信息，为ＷＤ基因诊断提供了重要的新途径     

应用Amp—FLP单体型连锁分析进行Wilson病基因诊断

应用Ａｍｐ－ＦＬＰ单体型连锁分析进行Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ病基因诊断贡昌春刘国仰谢久永施惠平罗会元高秀贤张学孙开来Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ病（Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ＇ｓｄｉｓｅａｓｅ，ＷＤ）又称肝豆状核变性，临床表现为铜代谢障碍而引起的肝和神经系统病变。该病为较常见的常染色体隐性遗...     

用荧光PCR对中国人肝豆状核变性进行早期诊断及携带者检测

目的 应用荧光聚合酶链反应技术对中国人肝豆状核变性（Wilson's disease,WD)进行早期诊断和携带者检测。方法 在66例WD患者,55名健康的家系成员和30例其他疾病患者（作为非WD对照组）中,检测了中国人WD基因的突变热点Arg778Leu;随机抽取3例样本（2例来自WD患者组,1例来自对照组）进行DNA测序以验证结果。结果 在66例WD患者中检出5例Arg778Leu突变纯合子和21例突变杂合子,总检出率为39．4％,在55名WD家系成员中检出了12例杂合子,并确定其中11例是WD致病基因携带者而不是症状前患者;DNA测序结果与荧光PCR结果一致。结论 8号外显子Arg778Leu突变是中国人WD的高频突变点,荧光PCR具有简便快速,准确,检出率高等优点。     

中国人Wilson病WD基因12号外显子突变研究

目的研究中国人Wilson病(WD)基因第12外显子突变特征. 方法应用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态型(PCR-SSCP)银染技术研究70例无亲缘关系的WD患者和30例正常组的WD基因12外显子,对有异常泳动者经DNA自动测序技术证实其突变性质和位置.结果正常组未见异常.患者组发现11例异常(11/70占15.7%),二种错义突变,其中9例为Thr935Met突变(9/70,占12.9 %),2例为Lys952Arg突变(2/70占2.8%).结论第12外显子是中国人WD基因突变热区之一,发现一种未见报道的新型错义突变.     

肝豆状核变性基因表达产物及基因突变的研究

目的 探讨肝豆状核变性（Wilson's disease,WD)的发病机理。方法 将活检获得的WD患者肝标本体外分离,培养肝细胞,应用Western印迹法对WD患者肝细胞WD蛋白进行检测,同时扩增其基因组DNA并直接测序。结果 3例WD患者中有2例出现肝细胞WD蛋白特异条带密度降低。DNA测序发现其中一例患者存在ATP7B778位点CGG→CTG（Arg778Leu)杂合突变及770位点CTC→CTG改变。结论 WD基因在WD患者肝细胞的蛋白表达存在异常。可能与ATP7B基因突变有关。     

肝豆状核变性的遗传学研究进展

肝豆状核变性(Wilson's disease,WD)是一种铜转运障碍的常染色体隐性遗传病,以胆汁铜排泄及血浆铜蓝蛋白合成障碍而导致肝和肝外组织铜的过度蓄积为特征,进而出现肝硬化、豆状核变性和角膜的K-F环等一系列异常临床表现.WD是由ATP7B基因突变引起的,基因变异超过515种(至少379种可能为致病突变),广泛分布不同人种和地域,包括错义突变、无义突变、缺失突变、插入突变、置换突变和剪接突变等.其中最常见的突变类型欧洲患者为14号外显子His1069Gln错义突变,亚洲患者为位于8号外显子的Arg778Leu错义突变.基因突变分析有利于准确诊断及早期治疗,遗传缺陷的动物模型有助于开展实验性治疗和研究疾病的病理遗传机制.本文就肝豆状核变性的遗传学进展作一综述.     

Mutation spectrum and polymorphisms in ATP7B identified on direct sequencing of all exons in Chinese Han and Hui ethnic patients with Wilson's disease

Wilson's disease (WD), an autosomal recessive copper transport disorder, usually presents with symptoms involving the liver or central nervous system. The disease is caused by a large number of mutations in the ATP7B gene comprising 21 expressed exons. Some of the mutations appear to be population specific, whereas others are found in probands from a variety of different ethnic backgrounds. This paper presents the results of screening of the ATP7B gene by means of the direct sequencing of all exons in the gene in 39 Han and one Hui ethnic Chinese patients. Nineteen novel mutations were revealed along with nine others that have been previously described; 57.5% of the mutations were located in exons 8, 13, and 12. In particular, the Arg778Leu mutation in exon 8 was found in 55% of these Chinese patients in at least one allele. Five patients were homozygotes and 17 patients were heterozygotes for Arg778Leu. The detection rate on direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction products of all exons of the ATP7B gene in 40 unrelated patients was 83.8% of alleles. Seventeen polymorphisms were also identified in patients and healthy controls. We first reported the presence of ATP7B mutations in Chinese Hui ethnic patients and summarize our results here along with the previously reported findings. A significant correlation between genotype and phenotype was not found in 37 homozygotes and 52 heterozygotes for Arg778Leu.     

安徽汉族人肝豆状核变性基因突变的检测与分析

目的建立PCR-LIS-SSCP银染法,筛选WD基因外显子突变,并经DNA测序确定之。方法应用PCR-LIS-SSCP银染法,对34例WD患者及10例正常人的ATP7B基因第8、12外显子突变进行检测,并对部分突变样品DNA测序。结果安徽WD患者的WD基因第8外显子突变率为38.2%,第12外显子突变率为14.7%,是安徽汉人WD基因突变的相对热区。结论PCR-LIS-SSCP加DNA自动测序,是一种操作较便捷的基因突变检测方法,可用于临床检出WD先证者、杂合子及进行症状前诊断和产前诊断。     

4193delC, a common mutation causing Wilson's disease in Saudi Arabia: rapid molecular screening of patients and carriers.

BACKGROUND: In patients with Wilson's disease (WD), an autosomal recessive disorder, toxic accumulation of copper results in fatal liver disease and irreversible neuronal degeneration. ATP7B, the gene mutated in WD, contains 21 exons and encodes a copper transporting ATPase. A novel disease causing mutation (4193delC) in exon 21 of the ATP7B gene has previously been detected by heteroduplex analysis and DNA sequencing. AIMS: To screen for the above mutation in patients with WD and carriers using an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). METHODS: ARMS was used to screen for the 4193delC mutation in 30 patients with WD and their relatives. RESULTS: A homozygous mutation was detected in 16 of 30 patients with WD. CONCLUSIONS: This polymerase chain reaction based method, which has been known for years, is a simple, inexpensive, and rapid method for screening common and specific mutations in patients with WD and carriers.     

Mutation analysis of 73 southern Chinese Wilson's disease patients: identification of 10 novel mutations and its clinical correlation

This study was designed to investigate the molecular basis and the correlation between genotype and phenotype in the southern Chinese patients with Wilson's disease (WD). Genotypes of the ATP7B gene in 73 WD patients were examined by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and DNA sequencing. A total of 38 different disease-causing mutations were identified, including 10 novel mutations: missense mutations (p.Gln707Arg, p.Cys1079Phe, p.Gly1149Glu, p.Ser855Tyr, p.Ala874Pro and p.Ser921Arg), nonsense mutation (p.Arg1228Stop), splice-site mutations (2121+3A>T and 3244-2A>G) and frameshift mutation (1875_1876insAATT). We found that a pair of siblings carried the same genotype but different clinical type, and two patients were found to have three mutations. In addition, we compared the clinical data for p.Arg778Leu homozygotes and compound heterozygotes. Our research has enriched the mutation spectrum of the ATP7B gene in the Chinese population and can serve as the basis for genetic counseling and clinical/prenatal diagnosis to prevent WD in China.     

中国人中发现一例Charcot—Marie—Tooth病连接蛋白32基？…

目的 了解中国人进行性腓骨肌萎缩症（Ｃｈａｒｃｏｔ－Ｍａｒｉｅ－Ｔｏｏｔｈ ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ，ＣＭＴ）连接蛋白３２（ｃｏｎｎｅｘｉｎ３２，Ｃｘ３２）基因外显子２的突变情况。方法 对６例无亲缘关系的，无重复的ＣＭＴ１患者和１０例无亲缘关系的ＣＭＴ２患者进行ＳＳＣＰ分析，对有异常者进行测序，根据突变点序列设计合适的内切酶，对５０名正常对照进行酶切分析。结果 在１例ＣＭＴ１患者发生了Ｇｌｙ２１Ａｓｐ（６２