下颌三焦点牵张成骨整复颏部缺损牵张区新生骨密度变化

目的 研究下颌三焦点牵张成骨整复颏部缺损的牵张区新生骨密度变化.方法 选取4只成年恒河猴,通过下颌前份骨截除术形成颏部订三中联合骨缺损.在两侧下颌体部各制备一个输送盘,并用自行研制的多平面牵张装置使双侧输送盘向前内方向缓慢移动并在颏部正中对接以修复颏部骨缺损.牵张结束后16用处死所有动物.采用双能X线吸收法定量分析并对比牵张成骨区新生骨与非牵张区下颌骨体部正常骨组织的骨密度变化.结果 牵张结束后16周牵张成骨区新生骨与非牵张区下颌骨体部正常骨组织的骨密度差异无显著性.结论 运用三焦点牵张成骨术整复颏部缺损牵张结束后16周牵张成骨区新生骨骨密度接近下颌骨体部正常骨组织,基本满足下颌骨功能需要.     

三焦点牵张成骨修复下颌骨颏部缺损中牵张区的应力应变研究

目的 研究三焦点牵张成骨修复下颌骨颏部缺损中牵张区的应力应变.方法 选择恒河猴下颌骨标本为研究对象,对正常恒河猴下颌连续扫描,其中下颌扫描层数约为63层,并进行三维重建.根据手术方案两侧第二双尖牙与第一磨牙间骨切开,颏部骨组织切除,两侧输送盘在正中对接;应用布尔操作对下颌模型进行处理,以此建立三焦点牵张成骨修复重建颏部缺损三维有限元模型.利用ANSYS软件和有限元分析法研究三焦点牵张成骨修复下颌骨颏部缺损牵张区的应力应变大小.结果 在牵张区应力相对集中,且应力大小由牵张区周边向中心逐步递进.结论 有限元分析法是研究三焦点牵张成骨修复下颌骨颏部缺损牵张区应力应变大小的有效方法之一,但有限元法的结果必须与动物实验结果及临床相结合,综合地加以分析,才具有实用价值.     

下颌三焦点牵张成骨整复颏部缺损牵张区新生骨生物力学变化

目的研究下颌三焦点牵张成骨整复颏部缺损牵张区新生骨生物力学变化。方法选取4只成年恒河猴,通过下颌前份骨截除术形成颏部正中联合骨缺损。在两侧下颌体部各制备一个输送盘,并用自行研制的多平面牵张装置使双侧输送盘向前内方向缓慢移动并在颏部正中对接以修复颏部骨缺损。牵张结束后16周处死所有动物。通过INSTRON 8874生物力学测试系统分析测定新生骨生物力学性质。结果牵张结束后16周牵张成骨区新生骨与非牵张区下颌骨体部正常骨组织相对照,抗压缩和拉伸最大应变均无明显差异。结论运用三焦点牵张成骨术整复颏部缺损牵张结束后16周牵张成骨区新生骨骨密度接近下颌骨体部正常骨组织,基本满足下颌骨功能需要。     

兔下颌骨牵张成骨实验模型的建立

目的:建立兔下颌骨牵张成骨实验模型。方法:选用30只新西兰大白兔,右侧下颌骨行骨切开术,自制牵张器牵张固定,经过7天潜伏期后进行牵张,取标本行组织学观察。结果:实验动物手术后均成活,健康状况良好。全部动物右侧下颌骨被成功延长3mm。结论:自制牵张器符合牵张成骨动物实验的要求,兔作为牵张成骨模型具有可行性和可重复性。     

兔双侧下颌骨牵张成骨牵张器的改进及动物模型的建立

目的：研制一种用于下颌骨双侧牵张的外置式牵张器,建立兔双侧下颌骨牵张成骨动物模型。 方法：选用16只成年雄性新西兰大白兔,随机分为 4组,每组 4只。在双侧下颌骨第一前磨牙前方无牙区行骨切开术,用自制牵张器固定, 经过7 d潜伏期,以每次 1.0 mm 的速度牵张,每天 1 次,连续 5 d,然后固定1个月。 分别在潜伏期末、牵张结束、固定期第 2周及第4周处死动物,切取标本行X线和组织学观察。 结果： 实验过程中全部动物均无牵张器脱落,从延迟末期到固定4周,大体观察见牵张间隙由纤维性连接逐渐过渡为骨性连接,X线可见牵张区由完全透射影逐渐过渡为接近正常骨的连续性钙化影,组织学观察可见牵张区由胶原纤维沿牵张方向生长逐渐过渡为新生骨组织充填。结论：改进后的牵张器不易脱落,可成功地延长兔下颌骨,可用于大批量的兔双侧下颌骨牵张成骨实验研究。     

山羊下颌骨牵张成骨术的实验研究

目的明确牵张成骨的骨形成过程及机制，为进一步的深入研究奠定实验基础。方法选取8只3月龄健康幼年山羊，建立下颌骨牵张成骨术的实验动物模型，成模后动物随机分为4组，每组2只，第1组动物在牵张完成后1周处死，第2组在牵张完成后2周处死，第3组在牵张完成后4周处死，第4组在牵张完成后6同处死。对新生骨的组织学、影像学及骨密度的变化进行观察。结果所有动物的右下颌骨均延长了大约10mm，组织学证实牵张区确有新骨形成。随着固定期时间的延长，X线检查和骨密度测试结果显示新骨组织中骨密度逐渐增高。牵张器相接触一侧的新生骨的骨质成骨较差。结论山羊是一种较理想的对牵张成骨进行模拟性研究的实验动物，采用与牵张方向一致的牵张器施力方向可以避免侧向力的产生，从而提高术后成骨质量。     

放疗后兔下颌骨牵张成骨模型的实验研究

目的 建立放疗后兔下颌骨牵张成骨的实验模型.方法 选用12只新西兰兔,使用直线加速器照射兔下颌骨,每次5.4 Gy,隔日1次,共5次,3月后行牵张成骨.5 d间歇期后开始牵引,每日2次,每次0.5 mm,连续牵引10 d.牵张结束后的0 d、4周、8周分别行下颌骨X线片及CT平扫+三维重建检查,并取牵张区组织行组织学检...     

牵张成骨术延长狗下颌骨的实验研究

（1）目的 应用牵张成骨技术延长狗下颌骨动物模型,了解下颌骨牵张成骨过程及下颌骨牵张成骨新骨生成规律。（2）方法 8只成年狗,按不同的牵张期和固定期分为4组,每组2只,于下颌第一磨牙后区,行下颌骨体部骨切开术,安置骨支持式口腔外部牵张器,潜伏期固定7d后牵引,每天延长1mm,分2次进行,分别于第3,10,20和20天停止牵张,并固定,分别于牵张期开始,结束及固定期结束摄取X线片,固定期结束时处死动物,取牵张区新骨行组织学检查。（3）结果 4组动物下颌骨分别成功延长了3,10,20和20mm,X线片及组织学检查可见骨样组织、编织骨和板层骨形成,过渡及改建过程,并有软骨内骨化现象。（4）结论 下颌骨牵张成骨术其牵开区可得到良好的骨生成,新骨以膜内成骨为主。软骨内成骨为辅。     

山羊下颌骨牵张成骨的影像学观察

目的：通过山羊下颌骨牵张成骨实验动物模型,了解自行设计开发的三维骨牵张器的成骨效果。方法：成年山羊6只,建立下颌骨牵张成骨实验动物模型,术后第8天开始牵引,以0.6 mm/次、2次/d的速度牵引,牵引期为17～18 d,牵引高度20 mm左右。牵引完毕后1、2及3个月各处死2只动物获得标本,进行大体标本、普通X-ray和CT观察。结果：成功建立山羊下颌骨较大速率牵张成骨延长实验动物模型。大体标本观察表明,在牵张间隙形成了很好的骨痂组织,牵张间隙达到了预期的长度。X-ray观察结果显示：牵引间隙逐渐变模糊,骨牵引器固位良好,下颌骨在解剖关系状态下位完成骨缺损修复,固定期2周放射影像可见新骨生成,1个月可见骨样结构,2～3个月骨质修复完成。CT观察结果显示：在牵引的区域,新生成的骨的质和量都非常的好,与原来的骨没有明显差异。结论：我们自行设计的三维牵张器,制作简便,易于控制,可以稳定成骨,具有临床应用的可能性。     

下颌骨骨缺损基因治疗动物模型的建立

目的：建立用于研究下颌骨骨缺损基因治疗的实验动物模型及基因导入方法。方法：用30只新西兰大白兔作为实验动物,在左侧下颌骨体部造成直径5mm圆形贯通性骨缺损．以明胶海绵作为载体。将含有人肝细胞生长因子全长cDNA片段的表达型质粒(pUDKH)直接应用于15只兔骨缺损的局部．对另外15只应用等量空质粒(pUDK)作为对照,对骨缺损的愈合情况进行大体形态学、X线和组织学评价。结果：下颌骨骨缺损修复过程中,在形态学、X线和组织学等方面,应用pUDKH组的骨愈合情况优于pUDK组。结论：此实验建立的下颌骨骨缺损实验动物模型,以及通过直接应用细胞因子裸DNA治疗下颌骨骨缺损的基因导入途径．为骨再生和骨缺损的基因治疗研究提供了新的方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.