急性硬膜下血肿预后相关因素分析

本院自1996年2月至2003年2月,共收治经CT确诊为急性硬膜下血肿病人110例.本文通过回顾性分析,以探索影响预后的相关因素.     

急性硬膜下血肿头颅CT表现与预后分析

重型颅脑损伤急性硬膜下血肿(acutesubduralhematoma,ASDH)病情急重,死亡率达50%～80%。影响患者预后的因素有多种,本文分析125例急性硬膜下血肿患者CT改变与预后的关系,为临床决策提供依据。1资料与方法1.1一般资料:本组男75例,女50例;年龄4个月～82岁,平均42.6岁;致伤原因:交通事故伤55例,跌伤32例,坠落伤23例,打击伤15例;入院时GCS评分:3～8分52例,9～12分28例,13～15分45例;合并脑挫裂伤84例,蛛网膜下腔出血88例,脑内血肿38例,多发血肿18例,颅骨骨折46例;颅外合并伤20例,开颅手术75例,非手术治疗50例。1.2CT扫描:从血肿最大厚度,中…     

手术治疗同侧慢性硬膜下血肿合并急性硬膜下血肿3例

目的探讨手术治疗3例同侧慢性硬膜下血肿合并急性硬膜下血肿的病例及其效果。方法3例同侧慢性硬膜下血肿合并急性硬膜下血肿的患者,均先行钻孔引流术,术中见硬膜下鲜血块,2例术中活动性出血,转为开颅手术。结果3例患者均痊愈出院。结论慢性硬膜下血肿患者需注意有无合并急性硬膜下血肿,钻孔引流术中如有活动性出血可考虑转为开颅手术。     

慢性硬膜下血肿术后复发相关因素分析及对策的探讨

慢性硬膜下血肿是颅内常见疾病，好发于50岁以上老年人，约占颅内血肿10％，手术疗效满意，但术后血肿复发率为5％～33％，使脑损伤进一步加重。因此，对术后血肿复发的防范十分重要。我们对19例慢性硬膜下血肿术后复发的相关因素及其预防对策进行了探讨，现报道如下。     

微创穿刺术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿

使用YL-1型一次性颅内血肿穿刺针治疗慢性硬膜下血肿，操作简单，快速方便，创伤小，并发症少，疗效好。值得临床推广。我科从2001年5月～2004年5月采用微创穿刺术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿30例，效果满意，现报告如下。     

急性硬膜下血肿手术时机对预后的影响

目的 研究手术时机对急性硬膜下血肿预后的影响.方法 收集了202例接受手术治疗的急性硬膜下血肿患者,统计分析伤后2、4、6、8h等时间为界限的死亡率和功能生存率.结果 各个时间界限的死亡率和功能生存率差异无统计学意义,但是随着受伤至手术间隔时间的延长,死亡率呈现出逐渐增加、功能生存率逐渐降低的趋势.并且,死亡患者的受伤至手术时间要显著大于生存患者.结论 急性硬膜下血肿手术时机对预后有潜在的影响.符合有手术指征的患者,急性硬膜下血肿需要尽早手术清除血肿.     

外伤性硬膜下积液演变成慢性硬膜下血肿的临床分析

本院自1993年1月至2003年1月,共收治外伤性硬膜下积液(TSE)135例,其中17例转化为慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)。现结合患者的临床资料和有关文献报道如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料:17例中,男12例,女5例;年龄1～10岁6例,11～60岁2例,60岁以上9例。受伤原因:坠落伤6例,打击伤3例,车祸伤8例。其中减速性损伤12例。患者均否认在外伤性硬膜下积液演变为慢性硬膜下血肿期间有头部再次受伤史。1.2临床表现:17例患者均表现为在外伤性硬膜下积液症状的基础上,出现症状加重或新症状、体征,或原症状、体征减轻或消失后再次出现或加重。患者演变为慢性硬膜下血…     

慢性硬膜下血肿术后复发相关因素分析及防治

慢性硬膜下血肿（chronic subdural hematoma．CSDH）在老年人群中的发病率约为16．5／10万人．钻孔闭式引流为治疗的首选．但术后约有3．7％。38％的患者血肿复发．因此预防CSDH的复发就成为CSDH治疗的焦点．本文回顾研究本院2000年1月至2005年1月收治老年CSDH患者198例．其中复发16例．探讨其复发的相关因素及防治措施。     

急性脑肿胀伴硬膜下血肿36例诊治分析

外伤性急性脑肿胀伴硬膜下血肿起病急,变化快,临床治疗效果不佳,病死率较高.自1998年1月至2003年6月,笔者对36例患者进行保守和手术治疗,现将结果和分析报告如下.     

Outcome following acute supratentorial subdural hematoma in pediatric age

The authors report their experience in surgical treatment of 39 cases of acute subdural hematoma, followed by intensive therapy and physiokinesitherapy. The causes of head injuries, types of fractures, localization of the hematomas, concomitant lesions, diagnostic and therapeutic clinical features are discussed. The most common neurological evaluation scales for rating the state of comas are used for comparing the cases of head injury in adults (Glasgow Coma Scale) and in children (Children's Coma Scale). The Authors also report clinical follow-up, morbidity, and general mortality rate. Moreover, they emphasize the frequency and clinical importance of cases with unapparent symptomatology and demonstrate that extrinsic eye movement is a very important factor for prognostic evaluation.     

Clinical factors of recurrent chronic subdural hematoma

The clinical, radiological, and operative factors of recurrent chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) were retrospectively analyzed in 116 patients with CSDH in 134 hemispheres, treated by one burr hole surgery. The correlation of recurrence was evaluated with personal and clinical factors such as age, sex, history of head injury, and interval from onset of initial symptoms to hospitalization; laboratory findings such as bleeding tendency and liver function; computed tomography (CT) findings such as hematoma density and brain atrophy; and operative findings such as additional procedures and postoperative residual air. The recurrence group (RG) included 10 hemispheres (7.5%) in 10 patients (8.6%). The interval from onset of symptoms to hospitalization was significantly shorter in the RG than in the nonrecurrence group (NRG). Headache was more frequently seen in the RG than in the NRG. Density of hematoma on CT was classified into five types: Low, iso, and high density, niveau, and mixed, and the incidence of recurrence was 0%, 2.3%, 17.2%, 12.5%, and 6.5%, respectively. Larger amounts of residual air in the postoperative hematoma cavity were associated with recurrence of CSDH. CSDH that progresses rapidly in the acute stage and appears as high density on preoperative CT is associated with a high incidence of recurrence. Intraoperative air invasion to the hematoma cavity should be avoided to prevent recurrence.     

Causative factors of recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma

Burr hole opening and irrigation of hematoma is now a widespread simple technique for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSH). However, recurrence of hematoma has been sometimes experienced after initial treatment. The purpose of this report is to analyze the causative factors in recurrence of the hematoma after the burr hole opening and irrigation. Out of 68 adult cases of CSH treated by burr hole opening and irrigation technique at Toranomon Hospital during the past nine years, 11 cases (16.2%) showed recurrence of symptoms due to reaccumulation of hematoma after the 1st operation. They were compared with non-recurrence cases from the viewpoint of clinical signs, symptoms and course and serial CT findings. But there was no statistically significant difference between them. The causative factors of recurrence of CSH were analyzed and divided into four categories. Type 1 (3 cases): specific promoting factors--Primary intracranial hypotension (2 cases) and anticoagulant therapy (1 case). Type 2 (1 cases): immature timing of operation. Type 3 (4 cases): other causes probably due to operative procedure--Insufficient postoperative external drainage. Type 4 (3 cases): unknown cause. Several authors have reported causative factors of recurrence of CSH so far, but they are still controversial. An additive treatment in the cases involving specific factors, and planning the timing and some procedures of operation are proposed in order to avoid recurrence of CSH.     

Influence of operative timing on prognosis of patients with acute subdural hematoma

Objective: To study the influence of operative timing on the prognosis of patients with acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) in order to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment.Methods: The clinical data of 202 patients with ASDH undergoing operations were collected, and the mortalities and functional survival rates were analyzed 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after injury.Results: No significant difference was found in mortalities and functional survival rates at different operative timings. However, there was a clear trend that the shorter the operative timing was, the lower the mortality and the higher functional survival rate were. In addition, the mean time from injury to operation of non-survivors was significantly longer than that of survivors.Conclusions: Operative timing has potential influences on the prognosis of patients with ASDH. Surgical evacuation of ASDH should be performed as soon as possible once the operation indication emerges.     

Influence of operative timing on prognosis of patients with acute subdural hematoma

Objective: To study the influence of operative timing on the prognosis of patients with acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) in order to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment.Methods: The clinical data of 202 patients with ASDH undergoing operations were collected, and the mortalities and functional survival rates were analyzed 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after injury.Results: No significant difference was found in mortalities and functional survival rates at different operative timings. However, there was a clear trend that the shorter the operative timing was, the lower the mortality and the higher functional survival rate were. In addition, the mean time from injury to operation of non-survivors was significantly longer than that of survivors.Conclusions: Operative timing has potential influences on the prognosis of patients with ASDH. Surgical evacuation of ASDH should be performed as soon as possible once the operation indication emerges.