微创手术治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的护理体会

目的探讨微创治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果及护理体会。方法对216例行微创手术治疗的老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者,评价术后肢体功能,总结围术期护理体会。结果术后肢体功能优183例,良30例,差3例,优良率达98.6%。经过积极规范的围术期护理,有效降低了高龄患者的卧床并发症。结论微创治疗股骨粗隆间骨折可取得良好的疗效。积极地进行围术期护理,可促进患者术后早日康复。     

Minimally invasive valve surgery: different techniques and approaches

Less invasive approaches to cardiac surgical procedures are being developed in an effort to decrease patient morbidity and enhance postoperative recovery in comparison with conventional methods. Although full median sternotomy has been the standard surgical approach to the heart for more than 30 years, minimally invasive techniques using limited incisions are rapidly gaining acceptance. Potential advantages of a small skin incision include less trauma and tissue injury, leading to a less painful and quicker overall recovery, as well as shorter hospital stays for patients. Decreasing the size of the skin incision for minimally invasive valve surgery to significantly less than the cardiac size requires specific access to the valve to be repaired or replaced. Thus, various minimally invasive techniques and approaches have been described for aortic and mitral valve surgery [111]. This article will review the different minimally invasive techniques and approaches, as well as early results and outcomes for aortic and mitral valve surgery.     

神经内镜微创术与微创钻孔引流术治疗高血压 脑出血的临床效果与安全性分析*

目的对比分析神经内镜微创手术与微创钻孔引流术治疗高血压脑出血的临床效果与安全性。方法收集2017年1月-2017年12月该院神经外科收治的90例高血压脑出血患者的病历资料,进行回顾性分析。根据手术方式不同分为A组(47例,行神经内镜微创手术)和B组(43例,行微创钻孔引流手术),比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、血肿清除率、住院时间、术后并发症发生情况及预后情况。结果 B组手术时间和术中出血量明显少于A组,A组血肿清除率(92.84±4.73)%明显高于B组(87.52±5.39)%,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。两组术后住院时间、再出血发生率、并发症发生率和死亡率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后3个月与术前比较,两组的美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中评分量表(NIHSS)均明显降低,日常生活活动评分(ADL)均明显升高,两组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组和B组术后6个月预后良好率分别为93.62%和83.72%,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论神经内镜微创术可提高血肿清除效果,微创钻孔引流术可缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,两者均安全、可靠,且预后较好。     

冠状动脉搭桥术合并射频消融术和瓣膜手术的麻醉

目的:对冠脉搭桥同期行房颤射频消融术和心脏瓣膜手术的麻醉方法和效果进行总结和讨论。方法:冠脉搭桥同期行房颤射频消融术和心脏瓣膜手术26例,麻醉采用咪唑安定、异丙酚、芬太尼、异氟醚。结果:手术中升主动脉阻断时间平均(95.2±15.7)m in,体外循环时间平均(150±19.8)m in。术后呼吸机使用时间平均(15.5±4.1)h,ICU停留(1.2±0.4)d。术后平均住院时间(8.1±1.2)d。全组无住院死亡,出院后短期随访心功能Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,1例装永久起搏器。结论:在严密的术前准备和术中监护下行多个手术不仅减低了费用,而且减轻了多次手术创伤对患者的影响,本组冠脉搭桥同期行房颤射频消融术和心脏瓣膜手术的麻醉效果满意。     

Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in minimally invasive cardiac valve surgery.

The minimally invasive procedure is a new surgical technique that uses a small sternal incision. Because of limited surgical exposure, removal of intracavitary air and visual assessment of cardiac function are not possible. We studied the utility of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (IOE) before and after cardiopulmonary bypass in 112 patients (mean age 53.1 +/- 15.2 years, 74 males) who underwent minimally invasive valvular surgery. Surgical procedures included 52 isolated mitral valve procedures (49 repairs, 3 prostheses), 58 isolated aortic valve procedures (16 repairs, 26 prostheses, 16 homografts), and 2 combined aortic and mitral valve repairs. Prepump IOE was useful to confirm valve dysfunction and assist determination of arterial cannulation site. Postpump IOE identified intracardiac air in all patients, which was defined as extensive in 58 (52%) cases. Postoperatively, new left ventricular dysfunction was noted in 22 (20%) patients, more often in the group with extensive air by IOE (17 [30%] of 58 patients) compared with those without extensive air (5 [10%] of 54 patients, P =.01). Second pump runs were required in 7 (6%) of 112 patients: 3 cases of residual aortic regurgitation, 1 case of residual mitral regurgitation, and 3 cases with new ventricular dysfunction. No deaths occurred. We conclude that IOE is essential in minimally invasive valvular surgery because it detects problems that require immediate remedy. IOE allows real-time assessment of ventricular filling, ventricular and valvular function, and intracardiac air.     

The comparative value of the aortic atherosclerosis and the coronary flow velocity reserve evaluated by stress transesophageal echocardiography in the prediction of patients with aortic stenosis with coronary artery disease

Background: The present study was conducted to examine whether it is possible to differentiate patients with aortic stenosis (AOS) with or without significant stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) on the basis of the age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, the coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) and the grade of aortic atherosclerosis (AA) evaluated by TEE in the course of the same semi-invasive examination. Patients and methods: Thirty-nine consecutive AOS patients who had undergone coronary angiography were examined by dipyridamole stress TEE to assess the CFVR. From this patient population, 21 AOS patients with anatomically normal coronary arteries (group 1), and 18 AOS patients with >75% stenosis of the LAD (group 2) were selected for the present study. The CFVR was calculated as the ratio of the average peak diastolic flow velocity (APV) during hyperemia to the resting APV. The grade of AA in the descending aorta was determined by means of the same TEE examination. Results: The demographic, clinical and transthoracic echocardiographic data, the coronary flow velocities and the CFVRs were similar in the two patient groups. Only the grade of AA (ROC area, 73%, p <0.02) appears useful for the distinction of AOS patients with or without significant LAD stenosis. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that only the grade of AA furnishes additional help in the prediction of AOS patients with severe LAD disease. CFVR has no any diagnostic power in the differentiation of AOS patients with or without significant LAD stenosis.     

超声心动图评价二瓣化主动脉瓣瓣膜功能

目的 探讨超声心动图在二瓣化主动脉瓣病理生理进展评价中的应用,分析二瓣化主动脉瓣各年龄瓣膜病变的程度.方法 回顾性分析135例二瓣化主动脉瓣患者超声资料及病例资料,结合临床资料分析患者病程进展中瓣膜功能的变化.结果 二瓣化主动脉瓣关闭不全最常见,本组资料中为68例(50%),单纯狭窄仅19例(14%).狭窄并关闭不全者29例(22%),瓣膜功能正常者19例(14%).各年龄组内主动脉瓣病变均以关闭不全多见.病程晚期的手术患者各年龄组内主动脉病变亦均以关闭不全为主.结论 超声心动图能对主动脉瓣的病变作出早期诊断.二瓣化主动脉瓣最常见的瓣膜病变是主动脉瓣关闭不全.     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术前实时三维经食管超声自动测量主动脉瓣环径

目的 探讨经导管主动脉瓣置入术（TAVR）中应用实时三维经食管超声心动图（3D-TEE）自动测量主动脉瓣环的可行性与准确性。方法 对21例拟接受TAVR患者于术前分别采用3D-TEE和多排CT（MDCT）测量主动脉瓣环面积、周长、最大径和最小径。对比3D-TEE测值与MDCT测值间的差异及相关性,记录3D-TEE自动测量主动脉瓣环参数所需的时间。结果 3D-TEE所测主动脉瓣环面积为（445.74±62.60）mm²,周长为（76.16±5.30）mm,最大径为（26.29±1.97）mm,最小径为（21.40±1.68）mm,MDCT测值分别为（456.85±75.70）mm²、（77.17±5.90）mm、（26.76±2.83）mm、（20.98±1.76）mm。MDCT与3D-TEE所测主动脉瓣环面积、周长、最大径及最小径差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。3D-TEE与MDCT所测主动脉瓣环面积、周长、最大径、最小径均呈高度相关（r=0.89、0.91、0.85、0.79,P均<0.01）。采用3D-TEE自动测量主动脉瓣相关径线所需时间为（1.54±0.21）min。结论 3D-TEE自动测量主动脉瓣环能准确、快速获得主动脉瓣环相关径线,可作为替代MDCT的影像学方法。     

麦默通微创旋切术与传统手术治疗乳腺肿块效果对比分析

目的探讨乳腺良性肿块应用麦默通微创旋切术与传统手术治疗效果对比分析。方法按照随机数字表法将本组纳入的98例患者随机分为A组和B组,各49例。A组采用传统开放乳腺肿块切除术治疗,B组采用麦默通微创旋切术治疗。对比分析两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后愈合时间、术后瘢痕大小、住院时间、术后疼痛情况以及并发症发生情况。结果 B组手术时间显著短于A组,术中出血量显著少于A组,术后愈合时间显著短于A组,差异均具有显著性(P0.05);B组患者术后瘢痕大小显著小于A组,差异具有显著性(P0.05);B组住院时间显著短于A组,差异具有显著性(P0.05);B组术后轻度疼痛患者多于A组,术后重度疼痛患者显著少于A组,差异均具有显著性(P0.05);B组并发症发生率(2.04%)显著低于A组(16.33%),差异具有显著性(P0.05)。结论与传统开放乳腺肿块切除术比较,乳腺良性肿块应用麦默通微创旋切术具有手术时间短、出血量少,术后愈合时间住院时间短,术后瘢痕小、术后疼痛轻、并发症少的优点。     

Aortic valve morphology definition with transthoracic combined with transesophageal echocardiography in a population with high prevalence of bicuspid aortic valve

Objective:To assess the utility of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with second harmonic combined with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in defining aortic valve morphology in a subset of patients with a high prevalence of bicuspid aortic valve. Methods and Materials: Patients (n=174) with dilated aortic root were consecutively evaluated using, initially, TTE. The aortic valve structure was assigned as tricuspid, bicuspid or undefined. In those assigned as bicuspid or undefined, TEE was performed. Other factors that could affect valve morphology assignment were recorded and evaluated in multivariate analysis. Results: TTE was able to characterise 89% of the tricuspid valves and 56% of the bicuspid. Bicuspid structure was the only variable that, in the multivariate analysis, was related to the inability to definitively assign aortic valve morphology (OR=0.13). TEE was performed in 59 patients and the morphology was definitively assigned in 56 of them (95%). TEE diagnosed 15 bicuspid valves in addition to confirming the 17 identified by TTE. Overall, using TTE combined with TEE we were able to correctly assign valvular morphology in 98% of patients. Conclusion: In a subset of patients with a high prevalence of bicuspid aortic valve, combination of TTE and TEE should be considered to define aortic valve morphology. TEE identifies an important number of patients with BAV.     

关节镜下微创手术治疗继发型腘窝囊肿的临床疗效

目的探讨关节镜下微创治疗继发型腘窝囊肿的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析洪湖市中医院于2007年6月至2011年6月在关节镜下行继发型腘窝囊肿微创手术治疗21例患者的临床资料。其中男7例,女14例。年龄45岁～65岁,平均年龄56岁。全部为单膝。按Rauschning和Lindgren腘窝囊肿分级法分类,其中Ⅱ级15例,Ⅲ级6例。结果所有患者全部获得随访,随访时间为6～18个月,未见复发病例,疗效满意。结论关节镜下微创手术治疗继发型腘窝囊肿是一种可行、复发率低、疗效满意的一种治疗方式。     

良性子宫肌瘤患者行腹腔镜下微创手术的临床护理

目的研究行腹腔镜下微创手术治疗的良性子宫肌瘤患者的有效护理方法。方法将行腹腔镜下微创手术治疗的30例患者分为研究组和常规组,研究组采用临床护理路径模式,常规组采用常规护理模式。结果研究组患者术前、术后的心理状态均优于常规组患者(P0.05),住院时间短于常规组患者(P0.05);实施护理前,2组患者的SF-36量表评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),实施护理后,研究组患者的SF-36量表评分显著高于常规组患者(P0.05)。结论对行腹腔镜下微创手术治疗的良性子宫肌瘤患者实施临床护理路径护理,可有效改善患者心理状态,缩短患者术后康复时间。     

超声心动图评价二瓣化主动脉瓣瓣膜功能

目的 探讨超声心动图在二瓣化主动脉瓣病理生理进展评价中的应用,分析二瓣化主动脉瓣各年龄瓣膜病变的程度.方法 回顾性分析135例二瓣化主动脉瓣患者超声资料及病例资料,结合临床资料分析患者病程进展中瓣膜功能的变化.结果 二瓣化主动脉瓣关闭不全最常见,本组资料中为68例(50%),单纯狭窄仅19例(14%).狭窄并关闭不全者29例(22%),瓣膜功能正常者19例(14%).各年龄组内主动脉瓣病变均以关闭不全多见.病程晚期的手术患者各年龄组内主动脉病变亦均以关闭不全为主.结论 超声心动图能对主动脉瓣的病变作出早期诊断.二瓣化主动脉瓣最常见的瓣膜病变是主动脉瓣关闭不全.     

术中经食管超声心动图在全机器人二尖瓣修复术中的作用

目的 探讨术中经食管超声心动图(TEE)在全机器人二尖瓣修复术(MVR)中的作用.方法 对24例因重度退行性二尖瓣反流(MR)行全机器人MVR的患者行术中TEE检查.应用TEE在体外循环(CPB)转机前明确MR病变原因及病变部位;建立外周CPB时,引导下、上腔静脉插管及升主动脉内心脏停搏液灌注针的置放;心脏复跳后.即刻评价有无残余MR及有无手术相关并发症.结果 以外科所见为标准,TEE诊断退行性MR病变原因及病变部位均有较高的准确性,分别为93.1%和98.6%;TEE引导下,所有患者下、上腔静脉插管及升主动脉内灌注针均放置于适当位置.TEE引导置管成功率为100%;TEE证实所有患者手术均获成功.无残余MR及手术相关并发症.结论 术中TEE在全机器人MVR术中必不可少.     

胃肠微创手术患者发生高淀粉酶血症的危险因素分析

目的 探讨胃肠微创手术患者术后并发高淀粉酶血症的相关危险因素.方法 收集2012年1月至2014年1月在我院普外科行胃肠微创手术的220例患者的临床资料,根据患者术后血清淀粉酶水平是否正常将其分为血淀粉酶正常组及高淀粉酶血症组,对比分析两组并发症发生情况.采用单因素及Logistic多因素分析引起高淀粉酶血症的危险因素.结果 220例患者术后并发高淀粉酶血症98例（44.54％,98/220）,其中结肠手术45例,胃部手术53例.高淀粉酶组发生并发症28例（28.57％,28/98）,淀粉酶正常组发生并发症8例（6.56％,8/122）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（x2=4.869,P=0.006）.单因素分析显示,两组上腹部手术、手术方式、BMI＞ 25 kg/m2、手术时间、手术体位、CO2气腹压力、气腹持续时间、胰腺处理方式比较差异均有统计学意义（P均＜ 0.05）.经Logistic多因素分析显示两组上腹部手术、CO2气腹压力、气腹持续时间、手术时间是引起高淀粉酶血症的独立危险因素.结论 胃肠腹腔镜术后高淀粉酶血症发生率较高,其中胰腺炎、术后切口感染患者术后更容易并发高淀粉酶血症.上腹部手术、CO2气腹压力、气腹持续时间、手术时间是引起高淀粉酶血症的独立危险因素.     

经食管超声心动图在室间隔缺损微创封堵术中的应用

目的 探讨经食管超声心动图（TEE）在室间隔缺损（VSD）微创封堵术中的应用价值.方法 TEE引导下为85例患者行VSD微创封堵术.术前行经胸超声检查,确定VSD的位置和形态,测量VSD基底部直径、膜部瘤开口直径及VSD上缘至主动脉右冠瓣的距离,选择合适型号的封堵器封堵,评价即刻封堵效果.结果 83例患者成功封堵,2例失败的患者后经TEE及时发现发生情况,并成功转体外循环行修补术.术后出现残余分流的患者13例,新发轻度三尖瓣关闭不全1例,无新发主动脉瓣关闭不全.随访3～29个月,无封堵器脱落、移位及溶血和Ⅲ度传导阻滞的发生.结论 TEE对选择适合行封堵术的VSD患者,选择封堵器大小,指导封堵器的释放,以及评价疗效方面具有重要的作用.     

微创自体髂骨移植修复齿槽嵴裂的护理

目的 探讨齿槽嵴裂自体髂骨移植术的最优临床护理方法.方法 总结20例微创自体髂骨移植齿槽崝裂整复术患者的临床护理经验.结果 20例手术患者7～8d痊愈出院,无手术并发症.结论 正确、有效的护理可减轻牙槽嵴裂整复术患者的不适,加速伤口愈合,减少住院时间.