微量元素锰在新疆6种红景天中的含量及其与人体健康

红景天是一种名贵的传统中药材,其根、茎入药,具有较高的药用和保健价值,临床应用十分广泛。发挥主要作用的是其复杂的化学成分,但是各种微量元素却起着不可替代的协同作用。微量元素锰参与多种酶的合成与激活,调节糖代谢,提高机体免疫力,与红景天中的药用成分一起维护着人体健康。本文详细阐述了新疆6种红景天中的微量元素锰的含量以及它在人体健康方面的贡献。     

锰作业职工的血中微量元素变化

探讨长期高浓度锰暴露对职工血中微量元素的影响。进一步了解锰作业对工人健康损害的机制,为保护接触锰烟尘作业工人身体健康提供理论依据。方法某局桥梁厂男性电焊工65人作为锰接触组,该厂不接触锰烟尘及其他有害物质的行政、后勤人员65名作为对照组。血锰含量测定采用石墨炉原子吸收法,血中铜、铁、锌、镁、钙含量测定采用火焰原子吸收法。结果锰接触组血中锰含量（0．09．4±0．03μg／m1）高于对照组（0．06±0．05μg／m1）,而钙含量（4．93±2．70μg／m1）低于对照组（5．93±2．65μg／ml）,锌含量没有明显变化。结论长期高浓度锰暴露职工血中微量元素锰含量明显升高,钙含量明显降低,铁含量在接触锰早期明显降低,其他微量元素无规律性变化。     

氢化物—原子荧光法测定尿中微量硒研究

目的:探讨氢化物发生—原子荧光光谱法测定尿样中的硒的分析方法。方法:采用硝酸—过氧化氢消解样品,酸性介质中,Fe3+、硫脲、抗坏血酸存在的条件下,以氢化物发生—原子荧光法测定硒。结果:该方法检出限为0.36μg/L,线性范围0~100μg/L,加标回收率93%~102%。结论:该方法精密度和准确度均能满足测定要求,具有操作简单、快速、基体干扰少、灵敏度高等优点,适合于尿样中微量硒的测定。     

Advances in Trace Element Supplementation for Parenteral Nutrition

Parenteral nutrition (PN) provides support for patients lacking sufficient intestinal absorption of nutrients. Historically, the need for trace element (TE) supplementation was poorly appreciated, and multi-TE products were not initially subjected to rigorous oversight by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Subsequently, the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) issued dosage recommendations for PN, which are updated periodically. The FDA has implemented review and approval processes to ensure access to safer and more effective TE products. The development of a multi-TE product meeting ASPEN recommendations and FDA requirements is the result of a partnership between the FDA, industry, and clinicians with expertise in PN. This article examines the rationale for the development of TRALEMENT^® (Trace Elements Injection 4*) and the FDA’s rigorous requirements leading to its review and approval. This combination product contains copper, manganese, selenium, and zinc and is indicated for use in adults and pediatric patients weighing ≥10 kg. Comprehensive management of PN therapy requires consideration of many factors when prescribing, reviewing, preparing, and administering PN, as well as monitoring the nutritional status of patients receiving PN. Understanding patients’ TE requirements and incorporating them into PN is an important part of contemporary PN therapy.     

Pronounced Trace Element Variation in Follicular Fluids of Subfertile Women Undergoing Assisted Reproduction

Female subfertility is a growing concern, especially in view of an increasing prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) offer a perspective for pregnancy, but the outcome rate is still suboptimal. The trace elements (TE), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) are essential for fertility and development. We hypothesized that TE concentrations are related to oocyte quality and growth and affect pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing ART. Concentrations of TE were measured by total reflection X-ray fluorescence. Extracellular glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) were determined as additional Se biomarkers. Corresponding serum and follicular fluid (FF) samples were available from women with (n = 20) and without (n = 20) PCOS diagnosis undergoing hormone treatment within the ART procedure, respectively, and FF samples were classified into five groups based on morphological assessment. Serum showed higher TE concentrations than FF, and TE levels correlated positively between both matrices. Individual FF from the same women showed surprisingly high variability in TE concentration, and follicles without oocytes displayed the lowest TE concentrations. Both Se biomarkers GPX3 and SELENOP were present in FF and correlated positively to Se concentrations. Some notable relationships were observed between morphokinetic parameters, TE concentrations, and GPX3 activity. A slightly depressed serum Zn concentration was observed in PCOS. Our results indicate a direct relationship between TE in serum and FF, positive correlations between the three Se biomarkers in FF, and high variability between the FF from the same woman with the lowest TE concentrations in the follicles with the poorest quality. The differences observed in relation to PCOS diagnoses appear relatively minor. Collectively, the data support the notion that TE assessment of follicles may contribute to optimal oocyte selection and subsequently influence ART success.     

微量元素与危重病关系研究进展

微量元素是危重病患者营养支持的重要组成部分，它们不仅是重要的代谢介质，而且广泛参与细胞免疫、伤口愈合和抗氧化反应的各个环节。在危重病的应激状态下，锌、铜、铁和硒等元素可出现缺乏或功能性缺乏，目前大多数研究显示，在标准营养支持外，需额外补充锌和硒，烧伤患者还需适当补铜，除贫血外不支持常规补铁。     

急性心脑血管病患者体内微量元素的改变及临床意义

目的：对急性心脑血管病患者进行微量元素测定而探其体内微量元素的改变及临床意义。方法：采用美国进口真空微量元素专用采血管采集标本,测试仪器为英国微质谱公司最新产品“电感合等离子体质谱仪（ICP_MS）”进行微量元素测定。结果：急性心脑血管病组与对照组相比．必需微量元素除铜、锌、锰外其余元素与对照组相比有更显著的下降;非必需微量元素与对照组相比除镉、锑明显降低外,其余无差异。结论：心脑血管病患者微量元素缺乏是一长期的过程,膳食均衡不仅能满足肌体的日常需要,又能提供一定的储备,满足肌体应急所必需的供应量。     

Trace element compositional changes in human milk during the first four months of lactation

The aims of this paper were to evaluate changes in specific oligoelements in human milk during the first four months of lactation and to correlate such changes with total antioxidant status (TAS) and other parameters, such as the mother’s age, primipara versus multipara, and supplement intake. Milk samples were collected from 31 lactating women following 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after birth. Trace levels of 13 elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results obtained for the oligoelements exhibited a decrease in concentration from 7 days to 4 months of breast-feeding, with exceptions. Correlations were found between TAS and Co, V, Rb and Tl. Between primipara and multipara, differences were found for Ni and Rb. Regarding the mother’s age, correlation was found for Rb and Ba (increased for mothers older than 30 years). Increased amounts of Rb, Mo and Tl at any lactation period appeared in women who took supplements.     

1992年中国总膳食研究——常量和微量元素

通过测定混合膳食中１０种常量和微量元素含量，评价中国南、北四大地区人群每日膳食中常量和微量元素的摄入状况，并报道了膳食中各元素摄入量以及不同年龄组和春秋两季膳食中各元素摄入量的变化情况。结果表明：儿童膳食中不同程度地存在钙、磷、钾、镁、锌、硒和铜的偏低；成人膳食中钙、钾和锌摄入明显不足，其余７种元素均接近或达到推荐供给量水平，但地区差异较大。本文对钙磷比，钾钠比以及铁和铜与缺铁性贫血之间的关系进行了讨论。     

微量元素锌对创伤病人血清TNF-α、IL-6的影响

目的探讨创伤病人伤后给予微量元素锌对血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)的影响。方法对65例创伤病人随机分为:治疗组33例,对照组32例,分别在受伤后第12h、24h、72h测定外周血清TNF-α、IL-6的变化。血清TNF-α浓度采用放射免疫法测定,IL-6浓度采用酶联免疫吸附法测定。治疗组在伤后1h口服葡萄糖酸锌,对照组不给药,于给药后12h、24h、72h抽血检测。结果创伤后给口服葡萄糖酸锌,血清中TNF-α、IL-6水平的变化与对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论创伤后给予口服葡萄糖酸锌可能会影响细胞因子的分泌,有助于减轻炎症反应。     

氢化物-原子荧光法测定植物及人发中的痕量硒研究

目的研究在捕集剂覆盖下低温焙烧富集后测定植物及人发中痕量硒的效果,探索测定植物和人发中痕量硒的新方法。方法采用氢化物?原子荧光法。选择最佳仪器工作条件,用捕集剂覆盖,低温焙烧,富集分离,对植物和人发样品中的痕量硒进行检测。结果克服了使用混合酸分解样品时,有机物质不能彻底分解给测定带来的不利影响,拟订了测定植物、人发等生物样品中痕量硒的方法步骤。结论该方法精密度和准确度均能满足测定要求。     

肾移植术后血清微量元素及矿物质的变化

目的检测肾功能衰竭患者肾移植前后血清钙穴Ca雪、镁穴Mg雪两种矿物质和铁穴Fe雪、铜穴Cu雪、锌穴Zn雪3种微量元素的变化并探讨其意义。方法用偶氮砷Ⅲ法等方法检测30例正常人和24例肾功能衰竭患者肾移植前和肾移植后第7、15、20、30天血清Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn含量。结果透析引起患者术前血清Ca下降,术后升高,达到了正常人血清Ca水平鸦术后血清Fe水平较术前有所提高,但仍显著低于正常人水平穴P<0.01雪。术后血清Mg水平较术前明显下降穴P<0.01雪。手术前后血清Zn水平均显著低于正常人穴P<0.01雪,而血清Cu水平手术前后与正常人比较无显著性差异穴P>0.05雪。结论肾移植患者术后血清微量元素及矿物质尤其是Fe、Mg、Zn等可能会缺乏,需常规动态检查,以便及时适量补充。     

中国9个长寿地区65岁及以上人群血硒水平与虚弱的关联研究

目的 探讨中国长寿地区65岁及以上老年人血硒水平与虚弱患病风险的关系.方法 数据来源于"老年健康生物标志物队列研究"项目,以2017-2018年调查的中国9个长寿地区2 464名65岁及以上老年人为研究对象,通过问卷调查获得调查对象的人口学特征、生活方式、饮食习惯及健康状况等信息,同时使用虚弱指数量表评定调查对象的虚弱...     

锰对大鼠肝细胞线粒体和微粒体微量元素含量的影响

每天给予大鼠ip MnCl_2·4H_2O15mg/kg共84天,引起大鼠肝细胞线粒体锰、铜和锌含量升高,微粒体铜含量升高、铁和锌含量下降。结果提示:肝线粒体为锰蓄积部位之一,而微粒体无明显锰蓄积,染锰引起肝细胞线粒体和微粒体微量元素含量的改变可能在锰的生化毒性方面有重要意义。     

Developed Determination Method of Ultra Trace Elements and Ultra Trace Element Levels in Plasma of Rat Fed Low Magnesium Diet

Background: Homeostatic mechanisms keep plasma mineral concentrations largely unchangeable, and are not always reflective of the nutritional status. For that reason, nutritional assessment is difficult and another biological index may be of value. Recently, improvement of measuring instruments has permitted more accurate measurement of trace and ultra trace elements.

Methods: A new determination method for trace and ultra trace elements in rat plasma, that uses an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS Elan-6000, Perkin Elmer, Co., USA) without pre-treatment has enabled study of basic data of ultra trace element concentrations for the first time.

Results: The effect of low magnesium (Mg) intake, as compared with the effect of a normal diet, status of 10 trace and ultra trace element status was studied in 12 young male Wistar rats (3-weeks-old), divided into two groups and fed a normal diet or low Mg diet for 4 weeks. The plasma was diluted with ultra pure water (TAMAPURE-AA: Tama Chemical Co., Japan). Ten trace and ultra trace element (As: 75, Se: 82, Rb: 85, Sr: 87, Mo: 95, Ba: 137, Ta: 181, Ir: 193, Au: 197, Pb: 208) concentrations in the plasma were measured with ICP-MS Elan 6000. As, Rb, Sr, Ta, Ir and Au concentrations were significantly high in the plasma of low Mg rats, compared to levels in rats fed normal diets. Essentiality for mammals has been certified for Se, Rb, Mo, As and Pb, but not yet for Sr, Ba, Au, Ir and Ta.

Conclusions: These results prove that trace and ultra trace element concentrations in plasma are changeable by nutritional conditions, and suggest that new physiological functions may be found for these elements, and that they may be proved to be essential for mammals.     

农村学前儿童主要常量及微量元素营养状况调查

对江西省两县四个乡学前儿童进行了一般膳食调查,并采集主副食样品和儿童发样作主要常量及微量元素的测定。通过膳食调查得出每人每日各项食物的进食量,从而计算出每人每日各元素的摄入量及其占供给量标准的百分数,综合血红蛋白和血球压积的测定和体检结果,对该地区儿童营养状况进行了评价,并提出下一步应改进的意见。     

Revised and new reference values for some trace elements in blood and urine for human biomonitoring in environmental medicine

Reference values for environmental pollutants related to the German population are established continuously by the Human Biomonitoring Commission of the German Federal Environmental Agency. The reference values for arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury and platinum in blood or urine were derived from the German Environmental Survey 1998 (adults aged 18-69 years). The reference value for lead in blood was lowered for females from 90 to 70 micrograms/l and for males from 120 to 90 micrograms/l, while the values for cadmium of 1.0 and for mercury of 2.0 micrograms/l in blood remained unchanged. For cadmium in urine the reference value was lowered from 1.5 to 0.8 micrograms/l and for mercury in urine from 1.4 to 1.0 micrograms/l. New reference values were derived for arsenic (15 micrograms/l) and platinum in urine (0.01 microgram/l). Additionally, for nickel in urine a new reference value of 3.0 micrograms/l based on data from the literature was established. Reference values for estimation of the selenium status were summarized from the literature. For aluminium in blood or urine no reference values were derived and the use of human biomonitoring to estimate aluminium exposure in environmental medicine is not recommended.     

香菜根茎叶中Fe Mn Zn微量元素含量测定

硝酸和高氯酸(4+1)消解样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定香菜的根、茎、叶中Fe、Mn、Zn 3种微量元素的含量。结果表明:香菜植株中Fe、Mn、Zn元素含量丰富且不同部位含量不同,Fe、Mn、Zn含量分别为:根部,387.2μg/g、44.50μg/g、113.2μg/g;茎部,173.3μg/g、50.12μg/g、68.02μg/g;叶中,176.1μg/g、70.23μg/g、94.21μg/g。RSD<1.50%,回收率在96.70%~102.0%之间,结果令人满意。     

孕产妇血清和脐血血清中6种营养元素的相关关系及孕期营养保健的研究

检测了４６例非孕育龄妇女、１０９３例孕妇、６８例产妇血清及其中３９例新生儿脐血血清中的Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｐ水平，发现妇女妊娠以后血清Ｃｕ、Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ比值显著升高（Ｐ均＜０．０１），Ｚｎ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ则明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５、Ｐ＜０．０１、Ｐ＜０．０１）。对３９例产妇血清及其新生儿脐血血清中的６种元素进行相关分析，发现两者间Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｐ水平呈显著正相关关系，而Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ的相关关系不明显。     

锰在大鼠睾丸细胞内的分布及其雄性生殖毒性影响研究

目的了解锰在睾丸细胞中的定量分布及对微量元素、巯基含量的影响.方法每日给雄性大鼠腹腔注射MnCl2@4H2O(15mg/kg),连续84天后分离出睾丸亚细胞成分,测锰、铜、铁、锌和巯基含量.结果未染锰时,锰在大鼠睾丸细胞内主要存在于细胞膜上;染锰后,睾丸细胞内可溶性组分及微粒体内锰含量大幅上升(P＜0.01),微粒体内锌含量明显增多,线粒体内巯基含量显著减少(P＜0.05).结论在睾丸细胞内,过量锰主要蓄积于可溶性组分和微粒体中,并可导致细胞内微量元素分布改变及巯基含量减少,这可能在锰的雄性生殖毒性方面具有重要意义.