伴有淋巴样间质的微结节型胸腺肿瘤临床病理观察

目的 探讨伴有淋巴样间质的微结节型胸腺肿瘤的临床病理学特点及预后指标。方法 收集中日友好医院2014年1月至2018年1月间4例伴有淋巴样间质的微结节型胸腺肿瘤患者的临床资料,采用HE染色、免疫组织化学及原位杂交方法进行病理学观察。结果 患者平均年龄（66.5±10.4）岁,男性1例,女性3例,均表现前纵膈占位,不伴有重症肌无力或自身免疫性疾病。肿瘤细胞呈微结节状分布,间质内见丰富淋巴细胞及淋巴滤泡形成。其中2例肿瘤细胞异型、核分裂象增多。肿瘤细胞表达CK、CK5/6,异型肿瘤细胞表达CD5、CD117及Bcl-2。3例在肿瘤细胞周边见少数不成熟T淋巴细胞,另1例未见TdT阳性细胞。肿瘤细胞及淋巴细胞均未测到EB病毒。最后诊断2例患者为伴有淋巴样间质微结节型胸腺瘤（micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma,MNT）,1例为不典型MNT,1例为伴有淋巴样间质微结节型胸腺癌（micronodular thymic carcinoma with lymphoid hyperplasia,MNC）。术后随访4~42个月,无肿瘤复发。结论 伴有淋巴样间质的微结节型胸腺肿瘤是一种罕见的胸腺肿瘤,包括了由良性至恶性的系列病变,但预后良好。诊断应结合临床病理特征,排除其他类型的胸腺肿瘤,治疗方法可相对保守。     

肝黏膜相关淋巴组织型结外边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤临床病理观察

目的 探讨肝黏膜相关淋巴组织型结外边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤(MALT-MZL)的临床病理学特征、诊断、鉴别诊断和预后.方法 对肝MALT-MZL进行病理形态学及免疫组化研究并复习相关文献,分析其临床病理学特征.结果 肝MALT-MZL表现为大小不等的结节,最大者3 cm×2.5 cm×2 cm.肿瘤细胞主要由弥漫分布的中心细胞样细胞组成,与肝实质分界清楚.瘤组织内可见残留的小胆管,但未见"淋巴上皮病变".瘤细胞免疫表型CD20、 CD79α和κ呈阳性表达,CD3、CD45RO、CD5、CD10、Cyclin D1、λ和bcl-2呈阴性表达.结论 肝MALT-MZL是一种罕见的肿瘤,其诊断需要结合病理组织形态及免疫表型,并需与肝其它类型的原发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤及肝脏炎性假瘤等鉴别.     

原发于纵隔的85例B1型胸腺瘤的临床病理分析

目的 探讨85例原发于纵隔B1型胸腺瘤的临床病理学特征及诊断、鉴别诊断。方法 收集浙江省宁波市临床病理诊断中心2012-2021年经病理诊断的85例B1型胸腺瘤。对所有病例的常规及免疫组化切片进行复习,分析临床病理学特征并复习相关文献。结果 大体表现:瘤体长径1.0～10.0cm,常有包膜,切面灰白质嫩,多无纤维条索分隔;镜下见肿瘤上皮细胞界不清,胞质淡嗜伊红色,卵圆形的细胞核,肿瘤细胞一般不成团,可见淡染的“髓质岛”;免疫组化:CK(pan)、CK5/6、P40上皮细胞均阳性,TdT、CD5淋巴细胞阳性,CD117、CD5肿瘤细胞均阴性。结论 B1型胸腺瘤,是一种胸腺上皮性肿瘤,组织结构和细胞形态类似于正常的胸腺组织,属于低度恶性的肿瘤,在胸腺瘤中发病率较低;须与胸腺增生、B2型胸腺瘤、AB型胸腺瘤、T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤等相鉴别,结合组织学形态及免疫组化可鉴别。     

2例上皮样肉瘤临床病理分析并文献复习

目的：探讨上皮样肉瘤的临床病理特征,免疫表型,诊断及鉴别诊断。方法：通过克镜和免疫组化对2例上皮样肉瘤进行病理组织学观察,并复习相关文献。结果：镜下肿瘤由上皮样细胞或梭形细胞构成,呈结节状排列,浸润性生长;免疫组化示肿瘤细胞vimentin、CK、EMA、CD34、呈附性。结论：上皮样肉瘤是一种较罕见恶性肿瘤,形态学复杂多样,免疫组化有利于明确诊断。本瘤部分病例虽然生存期长,但预后并不好,目前上皮样肉瘤治疗首选广泛切除。     

腮腺淋巴瘤性乳头状囊腺瘤──附13例组织学、免疫组化及超微结构观察

１３例腮腺淋巴瘤性乳头状囊腺瘤的组织学、免疫组化及超微结构的观察表明：该瘤是由上皮成分和淋巴样间质两部分组成。柱状细胞和基底细胞是两种不同类型的上皮细胞，它们在上皮性标志的表达上存在差异。淋巴样间质中ＵＴ淋巴细胞为主。＂典型型＂（上皮及淋巴样间质约各占一半）是本瘤的主要组织学亚型。从１３例肿瘤上皮和周围正常腮腺导管上皮的免疫组化观察结果来着，我们支持该瘤起源于腮腺外泌管上皮细胞的观点。     

猫抓病性淋巴结炎的临床病理观察并文献复习

目的:探讨猫抓病性淋巴结炎的临床病理特征、发病机理以及诊断和鉴别诊断。方法:对猫抓病性淋巴结炎进行病理组织学观察及免疫组织化学CD20、CD3、CD68染色和组织化学W-S(Warthin-Starry)染色分析,同时复习有关文献。结果:猫抓病性淋巴结炎病变特征是微脓肿和肉芽肿形成,淋巴结早期微脓肿周围为CD20+的B淋巴细胞和CD68+的组织细胞,当典型微脓肿性肉芽肿形成时,CD68+的上皮样细胞呈放射状排列,其间夹有CD3+的T淋巴细胞;W-S染色(+)。结论:猫抓病性淋巴结炎主要病变特征是微脓肿性肉芽肿形成,可能与细菌感染所诱导的细胞免疫反应有关。将淋巴结的病理特征与临床病史结合是本病诊断的关键。本病需要与组织细胞性坏死性淋巴结炎、结核性淋巴结炎及性病淋巴肉芽肿相鉴别。     

原发性肺黏膜相关淋巴组织B细胞淋巴瘤临床病理分析

目的:研究肺原发性黏膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)B细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理特征、免疫组化及鉴别诊断。方法:对1例原发性肺黏膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘带B细胞型淋巴瘤进行组织病理学观察、免疫组化检测及文献复习。结果:镜下幼稚淋巴细胞弥漫性增生,主要由中心细胞样淋巴细胞组成,部分像小淋巴细胞,散在转化的中心母细胞及浆样细胞和成熟的浆细胞。瘤细胞浸润肺泡壁和支气管上皮形成淋巴上皮病变,并见反应性淋巴滤泡及瘤细胞侵蚀生发中心(滤泡植入)。免疫组化:CD20(+),CD5(-),CD45RO(-),CD10(-),CyclinD1(-),Cytoker-atin上皮(+),CD21(+)。结论肺原发性黏膜相关淋巴组织B细胞淋巴瘤是一种少见的低度恶性肿瘤,缺乏特异的临床表现,确诊有赖于组织病理学、免疫学检测,应与肺假性淋巴瘤、小淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤(SLL)、套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)、淋巴浆细胞性淋巴瘤(LPL)等进行鉴别。     

假肌源性血管内皮瘤1例

目的 探讨假肌源性血管内皮瘤（PHE）的临床病理特征、免疫组化、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法 回顾性分析1例PHE的临床表现、组织形态学、免疫表型特点,并结合文献复习和讨论。结果 肿瘤位于小腿部位,超声示皮下不均匀回声,MR示腓肠肌外侧团块状混杂信号,增强见不均匀强化。巨检为不规则形肿物,体积3.0cm×2.0cm×2.0cm,切面灰黄灰红。组织学形态表现为肿瘤边界不清,呈结节状、片状分布,侵及皮下脂肪组织及肌组织。瘤细胞呈梭形、胖梭形,部分呈上皮样,核呈圆形、卵圆形,空泡状,可见小核仁,胞浆丰富,嗜伊红,类似横纹肌母细胞。部分间质硬化,似硬化性上皮样纤维肉瘤样。瘤细胞间可见中性粒细胞浸润。核分裂象少见,未见坏死。免疫表型：AE1/AE3、CD31、ERG阳性,CD34、Desmin、EMA、MUC4阴性,INI1表达未缺失,Ki67 10%-20%。结论 PHE是一种少见软组织血管内皮肿瘤,具有独特的组织学形态、免疫表型及分子遗传学特征,需与上皮样肉瘤、肌源性肿瘤、转移癌等鉴别。     

5例胃肠道间质瘤临床病理分析

目的探讨胃肠间质瘤的病理组织学和免疫组化学特点及诊断要点。方法对5例胃肠间质瘤进行常规病理及免疫组化CD117、CD34检查。结果5例胃肠间质瘤由梭形细胞和上皮样细胞组成,其中3倒CD117和2例CD34标记阳性。结论胃肪间质瘤是胃肠常见的间叶性肿瘤,缺乏定向分化。CD117和CD34标记阳性对胃肠间质瘤的诊断具有重要价值。     

胃淋巴上皮瘤样癌2例

胃淋巴上皮瘤样癌也称胃未分化癌伴致密淋巴细胞浸润，旧称淋巴间质胃癌，是胃癌中一种少见的类型，本文报告2例胃大部分切除标本中发现的胃淋巴上皮瘤样癌病例，复习文献并探讨该肿瘤病理特点及诊断依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.