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目的探讨某院呼吸机相关肺炎性(VAP)的流行病学特点及危险因素,指导临床医生采取预防和控制措施。方法对2010年9月至2011年2月重症监护病房(ICU)907例患者中发生VAP感染的141例进行回顾性调查分析。结果该院ICU呼吸机相关性医院感染肺炎的感染率为27.60‰,呼吸机使用率为61.18%。多种侵入性操作及肺部疾病患者呼吸机相关肺炎发生率较高。主要致病菌为革兰阴性杆菌(85.03%),以鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为主。革兰阳性球菌占3.23%,主要为金黄色葡萄球菌。真菌占11.68%,主要为白色念珠菌和曲霉菌。结论该院ICU呼吸机相关的医院感染肺炎的感染率较高,这与呼吸机使用时间、使用呼吸机方式及基础疾病等多种危险因素相关。  相似文献   

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沈美珠  周超 《国际呼吸杂志》2008,28(13):777-779
目的 监测重症监护病房(ICU)中呼吸机相关性肺炎(ventilator-associated pneumonia,VAP)患者下呼吸道病原菌的分布及其耐药性,为临床治疗VAP提供经验性选药依据.方法 经人工气道采集患者下呼吸道分泌物标本,对连续2次培养为同一优势致病菌的菌株纳入本研究中,采用纸片法测定该菌的体外药物敏感性.结果 51例检出89株致病菌,其中革兰阴性细菌占78.7%(70/89),革兰阳性细菌占6.7%(6/89),真菌占14.6%(13/89),药敏结果显示这类菌株耐药现象严重.结论 ICU中VAP患者的感染致病菌以革兰阴性菌为主,呈多重耐药,提倡严密动态监测VAP病原菌,应重视并强调对抗生素药物的合理应用.  相似文献   

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Background

The ideal therapeutic option for ventilator associated pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is not defined. The aim of this study was to assess mortality-associated risk factors in patients with VAP by CRE and determine the outcome of several treatment options.

Methods

This was a retrospective study performed in two tertiary hospitals involving patients with VAP caused by CRE between January 2010 and August 2014. The outcomes were mortality within 30 days of VAP diagnosis and overall mortality during hospital admission. Risk factors for mortality were assessed by comparing variables of survivors and non-survivors.

Results

One hundred and twelve patients with CRE-VAP were included, 73 (65%) male, median age 56 years. The 30-day mortality was 57.1% and the overall hospital mortality was 67%. In the binary logistic regression analysis, only age >50 years was independently associated to increased mortality. Polymyxin was the most used drug (47.5%), followed by tigecycline (29.2%) and aminoglycosides (2.4%). Combined therapy with two active drugs was used by 17 patients (20.8%). No therapeutic option was independently associated to survival. However, combined therapy with two active drugs was superior to the therapy with a single active drug when inappropriate therapy was the comparator (p = 0.044). The addition of carbapenem was not associated with increased survival.

Conclusion

The best therapeutic option for VAP by CRE is still not completely defined, but the therapy with at least two active drugs was superior in this study.  相似文献   

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目的 探讨急性心力衰竭(AHF)患者远期死亡的预测因素。方法 连续入选南方医科大学顺德医院2012年6月—12月因AHF住院的患者512例,根据出院后1年内是否死亡分为存活组(n=323)和死亡组(n=189)。记录患者的基线资料。对出院患者进行中位随访时间20.2月的随访,记录全因死亡事件。使用Cox比例风险回归模型分析死亡的危险因素。结果 1年内全因死亡率为36.9%。单因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析提示,AHF病史(HR 1.41,95%CI 1.02~1.95,P<0.05)、心率增快(HR 1.01,95%CI 1.00~1.02,P<0.05)、脑钠肽升高(HR 1.78,95%CI 1.05~3.01,P<0.05)、低白蛋白(HR 0.94,95%CI 0.92~0.97,P<0.001)、低血钠(HR 0.97,95%CI 0.94~1.00,P<0.05)是AHF患者远期死亡的独立预测因素。多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析提示,AHF病史(HR 1.41,95%CI 1.06~1.88,P=0.018)、心率增快(HR 1.01,95%CI 1.00~1.01,P=0.024)、低白蛋白(HR 0.96,95%CI 0.94~0.99,P=0.003)、低血钠(HR 0.97,95%CI 0.94~0.99,P=0.010)是AHF患者远期死亡的危险因素。结论 AHF病史、心率增快、低白蛋白、低血钠是AHF患者远期死亡的预测因素。  相似文献   

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呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)是ICU患者进行机械通气后病情加重甚至死亡的原因之一。传统预测感染的指标对VAP的诊断敏感性、特异性不高,其预测价值有限。血清降钙素原(PCT)检测在VAP预测中较传统的炎性指标具有较高的灵敏性和特异性。国外研究发现,当人体发生细菌感染以及发生脓毒症时血清PCT浓度升高,具有一定的诊断价值。监测PCT的变化可能有助于VAP的早期诊断以及及时调整抗生素的使用。本文就VAP的诊断、治疗及预后几方面,综述PCT在VAP患者中的应用。  相似文献   

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目的:分析外科ICU中呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的病原学特点。方法:回顾2011年1月至2012年12月,入SICU治疗的应用机械通气48h的非心脏手术患者117例,分为VAP组(26例)和非VAP组(91例),通过采用两组患者的临床生物学资料,总结VAP组患者的病学特点。结果:两组在确诊VAP前使用抗生素的种类、是否存在非感染性肺疾患、是否存在肺外感染灶,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。VAP的主要致病菌为鲍曼氏不动杆菌、醋酸钙-鲍曼复合不动杆菌等革兰氏阴性菌,其次为真菌和革兰氏阳性菌。结论:VAP的主要病原菌为革兰阴性菌,且存在严重的耐药现象。  相似文献   

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目的探讨老年呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)的预防与治疗。方法选取我科重症监护室(ICU)收治的34例行气管插管或气管切开机械通气老年患者,记录其治疗阶段的症状、体征变化。结果发生呼吸机相关肺炎者11例,占总人数的32.35%,其中4例经积极治疗痊愈,2例症状缓解,5例死亡,其死亡率为45.45%。老年呼吸机相关性肺炎最常见的致病菌分别为绿脓杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌。结论老龄患者极易发生呼吸机相关肺炎,临床中必须积极做好预防和综合治疗。  相似文献   

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北京地区成人社区获得性肺炎非典型病原体流行病学调查   总被引:73,自引:1,他引:73  
目的 对引起社区获得性肺炎 (CAP)的病原体进行流行病学调查 ,加强对非典型致病原重要性的认识。方法 收集 2 0 0 1年 11月至 2 0 0 2年 6月CAP患者共 10 3例。分别检测患者急性期及恢复期肺炎支原体、嗜肺军团菌、肺炎衣原体血清抗体。应用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)分别扩增肺炎支原体P1黏附蛋白基因及肺炎衣原体 16SrRNA基因。应用酶免疫测定 (EIA)方法检测尿中嗜肺军团菌抗原。取患者急性期痰标本进行细菌培养 ,应用常规方法分离鉴定细菌。结果  10 3例CAP患者 ,病原体检出率为 48.5%。 2 3例 (2 2 .3 % )检出肺炎支原体 ,3例 (2 .9% )检出嗜肺军团菌 ,2例 (1.9% )检出肺炎衣原体。 12例分离出肺炎链球菌 (11.7% )、9例分离出流感嗜血杆菌 (8.7% )、7例分离出肺炎克雷伯菌 (6.8% )。 6例患者存在混合感染 (5.8% ) ,其中 5例为肺炎支原体混合其他病原体。结论 非典型病原体尤其是肺炎支原体感染在CAP中占据重要地位 ;肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌仍为常见的致病细菌 ;混合感染不容忽视  相似文献   

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Aging is a normal physiological process involving changes in the respiratory system, thereby causing an increased incidence of pulmonary infections such as hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). The primary aim of this study was to investigate the role of acute-phase reactants and inflammation-based biomarkers in predicting 90-day mortality in patients aged over 65 years who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to HAP. Clinical records of patients aged ≥65 years who were diagnosed as having HAP and were followed up in ICU were retrospectively evaluated. One hundred and fifteen ICU patients (67.8% male, mean age 76.81 ± 7.480 years) were studied. Ninety-day mortality occurred in 43 (37.4%) patients. Red cell distribution (RDW, %), mean platelet volume (MPV, f/L), white blood cell count (WBC, 103/μL), C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/L), and procalcitonin (PCT, ng/mL) median values were 18.2 (13.7–35.6), 7.42 (5.66–11.2), 14.3 (3.21–40), 9.58 (0.12–32), 0.41 (0.05–100) in the group with 90-day mortality. In the Receiver Operator Characteristics Curve analysis, a WBC value 18.2 × 10ˆ3/μL predicted 90-day independent mortality with a sensitivity of 90.70% and specificity of 31.94% (P = .029). The results indicated that serum WBC level can be used for predicting long-term mortality and prognosis in HAP patients aged over 65 years. High WBC value was statistically significant in predicting 90-day independent mortality (P < .05).  相似文献   

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目的研究重症监护病房(ICU)内呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的病原菌分布及其耐药性,为临床用药提供参考。方法以我院2007年12月~2008年12月ICU内行有创机械通气患者为研究对象,从中筛选出符合VAP临床诊断标准的病例,回顾性分析VAP的病原菌分布和耐药情况。结果36例VAP患者共培养出病原菌175株,其中G^-杆菌154株,占88%,G^+球菌15株,占8.6%,真菌6株,占3.4%。位于前5位的病原菌依次为铜绿假单胞菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、洋葱伯克霍尔德菌、金黄色葡萄球菌。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)细菌分离率为33.3%。G^-杆菌对常用抗菌药已表现出较高的耐药率,金黄色葡萄球菌耐药现象严重,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)占66.7%,但对万古霉素、替考拉宁敏感。结论VAP主要病原菌为G^-杆菌且存在严重的耐药现象,对机械通气患者应严密监测病原菌,合理选用抗生素,加强管理,综合防治VAP。  相似文献   

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目的:研究影响入住急诊重症监护室(EICU)的高龄(>65岁)重症肺炎患者院内死亡的危险因素。方法回顾性纳入2015年1月1日至5月31日因重症肺炎入住我院 EICU 的高龄患者,统计其院内病死率,同时收集相关临床资料,对病死率产生影响的因素进行分析。结果共纳入了30例重症肺炎患者,平均年龄(81.77±7.78)岁,其中男性19例,平均年龄(79.53±7.25)岁。死亡12人,其中男性8例,平均年龄(81.17±10.20)岁。患者性别、是否全身应用糖皮质激素、近3个月内是否住院治疗以及是否应用机械通气、气管镜治疗、急性生理与慢性健康评分(APACHE Ⅱ评分)与死亡无关,入院时动脉血气分析(ABG)中血乳酸水平以及入院时呼吸频率与院内病死率相关,进一步的多因素分析提示上述指标均不是重症肺炎患者 EICU 院内死亡的独立危险因素。结论动脉血乳酸水平以及入院时呼吸频率与入住 EICU 的重症肺炎患者院内死亡有关,但不是其独立危险因素。  相似文献   

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Abstract

Objective: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a serious complication in patients with rheumatic diseases who are receiving immunosuppressive therapy. These patients have a higher mortality from PCP than those with human immunodeficiency virus. We examined factors associated with poor prognosis in patients with rheumatic diseases and evaluated PCP treatment in this population.

Methods: This retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study included 31 patients with rheumatic diseases who were admitted to Juntendo University Hospital for PCP treatment from June 2006 to December 2017. The primary outcome was non–disease-specific mortality at discharge.

Results: The median age at PCP diagnosis was 64 years. The survival rate was 61.3% (19/31). Twelve patients died, in all cases due to respiratory failure due to PCP. Among variables at PCP diagnosis and those related to PCP treatment, the presence of coexisting pulmonary diseases and greater glucocorticoid dose at PCP diagnosis were associated with higher mortality. The mortality related to biological agents for PCP was low. Rapid tapering of glucocorticoids improved survivability.

Conclusion: In the treatment of PCP in patients with rheumatic diseases, rapid tapering of glucocorticoids was associated with a higher survival rate than the use of conventional therapy.  相似文献   

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呼吸机相关性肺炎的病原学调查   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
目的通过分析重症监护病房呼吸机相关性肺炎的病原学特点,对临床治疗提供依据。方法分析我院2003年9月~2004年8月重症监护病房收治的53例VAP患者的91株致病菌及其药物敏感情况。结果G-菌65例,占71.43%,以鲍曼不动杆菌,铜绿假单孢菌,阴沟肠杆菌为主,各占21.98%,17.58%,15.38%;G 菌22例,占24.18%,其中金黄色葡萄球菌占12.09%;真菌4例,占4.40%。多数细菌对抗生素耐药率较高。结论呼吸机相关性肺炎病原菌以G-菌为主且耐药率高,合理使用抗生素有助于预防和治疗VAP。  相似文献   

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目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者住院期间患肺炎与其近期及远期预后的关系.方法 收集2007年9月至2008年8月中国多省市132家研究中心所有>18岁急性脑梗死入组患者有关肺炎、出院结局、发病后3、6和12个月结局,其他相关信息由纸质登记表获得.采用多元logistic回归分析住院期间肺炎与急性脑梗死患者预后的关系.结果 11 560例急性脑梗死患者中1373例(11.88%)患者发生住院期间肺炎,急性脑梗死患者发病后12个月总病死率为14.4%(1664例),罹患肺炎患者病死率高于未患肺炎患者;住院期间肺炎是患者住院期间(OR 5.916,95% CI4.470~7.831)、发病后3个月(OR3.641,95% CI 3.035 ~4.367)、6个月(OR 3.445,95%CI 2.905~4.086)和12个月(OR 3.543,95% CI3.016 ~4.161)死亡的独立危险因素.结论 住院期间肺炎增加急性脑梗死患者近期及远期死亡的风险.  相似文献   

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