自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的机制探讨

目的 研究自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的可能机制.方法 雌性受体大鼠随机分成空白对照组(A组)、D-hanks液组(B组)、全骨髓细胞组(C组)、间充质干细胞组(D组).观察大鼠的中位生存时间(median survival time,MST)、肝功能、病理变化、Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测观察自体骨髓细胞的分化情况.结果 C组、D组MST均>180 d(P<0.01);血肝功能指标C组、D组降低明显,有显著差异(P<0.01);C组、D组之间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);移植术后60 d C、D组均无明显的急性排斥反应;C组、D组Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测呈阳性.结论 自体骨髓细胞能减少排斥反应、诱导大鼠肝移植术后长期存活,其中间充质干细胞在移植肝内诱导分化为肝细胞发挥肝细胞功能,是其中可能的机制.     

自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的机制探讨

目的 研究自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的可能机制.方法 雌性受体大鼠随机分成空白对照组(A组)、D-hanks液组(B组)、全骨髓细胞组(C组)、间充质干细胞组(D组).观察大鼠的中位生存时间(median survival time,MST)、肝功能、病理变化、Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测观察自体骨髓细胞的分化情况.结果 C组、D组MST均>180 d(P<0.01);血肝功能指标C组、D组降低明显,有显著差异(P<0.01);C组、D组之间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);移植术后60 d C、D组均无明显的急性排斥反应;C组、D组Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测呈阳性.结论 自体骨髓细胞能减少排斥反应、诱导大鼠肝移植术后长期存活,其中间充质干细胞在移植肝内诱导分化为肝细胞发挥肝细胞功能,是其中可能的机制.     

自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的机制探讨

目的 研究自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的可能机制.方法 雌性受体大鼠随机分成空白对照组(A组)、D-hanks液组(B组)、全骨髓细胞组(C组)、间充质干细胞组(D组).观察大鼠的中位生存时间(median survival time,MST)、肝功能、病理变化、Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测观察自体骨髓细胞的分化情况.结果 C组、D组MST均>180 d(P<0.01);血肝功能指标C组、D组降低明显,有显著差异(P<0.01);C组、D组之间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);移植术后60 d C、D组均无明显的急性排斥反应;C组、D组Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测呈阳性.结论 自体骨髓细胞能减少排斥反应、诱导大鼠肝移植术后长期存活,其中间充质干细胞在移植肝内诱导分化为肝细胞发挥肝细胞功能,是其中可能的机制.     

自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的机制探讨

目的 研究自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的可能机制.方法 雌性受体大鼠随机分成空白对照组(A组)、D-hanks液组(B组)、全骨髓细胞组(C组)、间充质干细胞组(D组).观察大鼠的中位生存时间(median survival time,MST)、肝功能、病理变化、Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测观察自体骨髓细胞的分化情况.结果 C组、D组MST均>180 d(P<0.01);血肝功能指标C组、D组降低明显,有显著差异(P<0.01);C组、D组之间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);移植术后60 d C、D组均无明显的急性排斥反应;C组、D组Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测呈阳性.结论 自体骨髓细胞能减少排斥反应、诱导大鼠肝移植术后长期存活,其中间充质干细胞在移植肝内诱导分化为肝细胞发挥肝细胞功能,是其中可能的机制.     

自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的机制探讨

目的 研究自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的可能机制.方法 雌性受体大鼠随机分成空白对照组(A组)、D-hanks液组(B组)、全骨髓细胞组(C组)、间充质干细胞组(D组).观察大鼠的中位生存时间(median survival time,MST)、肝功能、病理变化、Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测观察自体骨髓细胞的分化情况.结果 C组、D组MST均>180 d(P<0.01);血肝功能指标C组、D组降低明显,有显著差异(P<0.01);C组、D组之间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);移植术后60 d C、D组均无明显的急性排斥反应;C组、D组Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测呈阳性.结论 自体骨髓细胞能减少排斥反应、诱导大鼠肝移植术后长期存活,其中间充质干细胞在移植肝内诱导分化为肝细胞发挥肝细胞功能,是其中可能的机制.     

自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的机制探讨

目的 研究自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的可能机制.方法 雌性受体大鼠随机分成空白对照组(A组)、D-hanks液组(B组)、全骨髓细胞组(C组)、间充质干细胞组(D组).观察大鼠的中位生存时间(median survival time,MST)、肝功能、病理变化、Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测观察自体骨髓细胞的分化情况.结果 C组、D组MST均>180 d(P<0.01);血肝功能指标C组、D组降低明显,有显著差异(P<0.01);C组、D组之间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);移植术后60 d C、D组均无明显的急性排斥反应;C组、D组Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测呈阳性.结论 自体骨髓细胞能减少排斥反应、诱导大鼠肝移植术后长期存活,其中间充质干细胞在移植肝内诱导分化为肝细胞发挥肝细胞功能,是其中可能的机制.     

自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的机制探讨

目的 研究自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的可能机制.方法 雌性受体大鼠随机分成空白对照组(A组)、D-hanks液组(B组)、全骨髓细胞组(C组)、间充质干细胞组(D组).观察大鼠的中位生存时间(median survival time,MST)、肝功能、病理变化、Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测观察自体骨髓细胞的分化情况.结果 C组、D组MST均>180 d(P<0.01);血肝功能指标C组、D组降低明显,有显著差异(P<0.01);C组、D组之间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);移植术后60 d C、D组均无明显的急性排斥反应;C组、D组Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测呈阳性.结论 自体骨髓细胞能减少排斥反应、诱导大鼠肝移植术后长期存活,其中间充质干细胞在移植肝内诱导分化为肝细胞发挥肝细胞功能,是其中可能的机制.     

自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的机制探讨

目的 研究自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的可能机制.方法 雌性受体大鼠随机分成空白对照组(A组)、D-hanks液组(B组)、全骨髓细胞组(C组)、间充质干细胞组(D组).观察大鼠的中位生存时间(median survival time,MST)、肝功能、病理变化、Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测观察自体骨髓细胞的分化情况.结果 C组、D组MST均>180 d(P<0.01);血肝功能指标C组、D组降低明显,有显著差异(P<0.01);C组、D组之间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);移植术后60 d C、D组均无明显的急性排斥反应;C组、D组Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测呈阳性.结论 自体骨髓细胞能减少排斥反应、诱导大鼠肝移植术后长期存活,其中间充质干细胞在移植肝内诱导分化为肝细胞发挥肝细胞功能,是其中可能的机制.     

自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的机制探讨

目的 研究自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的可能机制.方法 雌性受体大鼠随机分成空白对照组(A组)、D-hanks液组(B组)、全骨髓细胞组(C组)、间充质干细胞组(D组).观察大鼠的中位生存时间(median survival time,MST)、肝功能、病理变化、Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测观察自体骨髓细胞的分化情况.结果 C组、D组MST均>180 d(P<0.01);血肝功能指标C组、D组降低明显,有显著差异(P<0.01);C组、D组之间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);移植术后60 d C、D组均无明显的急性排斥反应;C组、D组Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测呈阳性.结论 自体骨髓细胞能减少排斥反应、诱导大鼠肝移植术后长期存活,其中间充质干细胞在移植肝内诱导分化为肝细胞发挥肝细胞功能,是其中可能的机制.     

自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的机制探讨

目的 研究自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的可能机制.方法 雌性受体大鼠随机分成空白对照组(A组)、D-hanks液组(B组)、全骨髓细胞组(C组)、间充质干细胞组(D组).观察大鼠的中位生存时间(median survival time,MST)、肝功能、病理变化、Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测观察自体骨髓细胞的分化情况.结果 C组、D组MST均>180 d(P<0.01);血肝功能指标C组、D组降低明显,有显著差异(P<0.01);C组、D组之间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);移植术后60 d C、D组均无明显的急性排斥反应;C组、D组Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测呈阳性.结论 自体骨髓细胞能减少排斥反应、诱导大鼠肝移植术后长期存活,其中间充质干细胞在移植肝内诱导分化为肝细胞发挥肝细胞功能,是其中可能的机制.     

自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的机制探讨

目的 研究自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的可能机制.方法 雌性受体大鼠随机分成空白对照组(A组)、D-hanks液组(B组)、全骨髓细胞组(C组)、间充质干细胞组(D组).观察大鼠的中位生存时间(median survival time,MST)、肝功能、病理变化、Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测观察自体骨髓细胞的分化情况.结果 C组、D组MST均>180 d(P<0.01);血肝功能指标C组、D组降低明显,有显著差异(P<0.01);C组、D组之间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);移植术后60 d C、D组均无明显的急性排斥反应;C组、D组Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测呈阳性.结论 自体骨髓细胞能减少排斥反应、诱导大鼠肝移植术后长期存活,其中间充质干细胞在移植肝内诱导分化为肝细胞发挥肝细胞功能,是其中可能的机制.     

Long-term survival and function after cardiac transplantation.

Cardiac transplantation now permits prolonged survival for some patients with otherwise fatal heart disease. This report summarizes the hemodynamic and clinical characteristics of 25 patients who have survived five or more years after cardiac replacement. The average age of the patients at the time of operation was 40 +/- 10 (SD) years; 23 were men. The average duration of survival is 6.7 years, and ranges from five to 10.5 years. Annual cardiac catheterization and clinical follow-up were performed to assess systolic cardiac function, coronary anatomy, and quality of extended rehabilitation. We found that among these long-term survivors, the left ventricular ejection fraction remained constant (0.59 +/- 0.08 one year postoperatively, 0.57 +/- 0.09 at most recent study, p = ns). Segmental wall motion measured by fluoroscopic examination of midwall intramyocardial markers also remained normal. Four of 21 (19%) patients with complete longitudinal studies developed significant graft coronary artery disease. Clinical evaluation revealed that the long-term survivors required fewer than one unscheduled admission to the hospital per year. Sixteen of 25 patients (64%) were gainfully employed, and 22 of 25 (88%) enjoyed substantial benefit in terms of extended rehabilitation. These 25 long-term survivors represent 27% of 92 patients transplanted between 1968 and 1975. The actuarial survival rate at five years, of patients transplanted since 1975, is 40 +/- 5%. This increase in survival rate reflects improved techniques of early postoperative management. Cardiac transplantation now offers prolonged survival with good quality of life for selected patients with terminal heart disease.     

Long-term survival of neonatal porcine Sertoli cells in non-immunosuppressed rats

Abstract: Sertoli cells from the testis contain immunoprotective properties which allow them to survive as allografts and also to protect islets and adrenal chromafin cells from immune rejection without the use of immunosuppressive drugs. Experiments were designed to determine whether xenogeneic neonatal porcine Sertoli cells (NPSCs) survive transplantation in rats without the use of immunosuppression. NPSCs (92.2  ±  5.1%) were isolated, cultured and then transplanted under the kidney capsule of non-immunosuppressed Lewis rats. To assess survival, grafts were removed after 4, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 90 days post-transplant and immunostained for the Sertoli cell marker vimentin. Survival was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the porcine mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II (COII) subunit gene, a marker for porcine tissue. In both methods, NPSCs were detected in the grafts for at least 90 days. Histologically, NPSCs were clustered in small aggregates or organized in tubule-like structures. When stained for the presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), many Sertoli cells stained positive at 20 days post-transplant, indicating not only cell survival but also Sertoli cell proliferation. The number of PCNA postive cells decreased somewhat by 40 days with almost no positive Sertoli cells at 60 and 90 days. These data demonstrate that NPSCs survive long-term following xenotransplantation in rats, which to our knowledge is the first report of a discordant xenograft surviving without immunosuppression in a non-immunoprivileged site. Further study of the mechanism of NPSC xenograft survival may provide clues for promoting a local tolerogenic environment.     

Long-term survival after kidney and kidney-pancreas transplantation in diabetic patients

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of diabetes mellitus on patient and graft survival among renal versus renal-pancreatic recipients. METHODS: Among 270 renal transplants performed from 1985 to 2002, a total of 204 (75%) were in diabetic patients and 66 (25%) in nondiabetic patients. Among the 204 diabetic patients 161 (60%) kidneys were transplanted simultaneously with a pancreatic graft (SKPT group). The overall group of patient included 164 (61%) men and 106 (39%) women with mean time on dialysis of 31 +/- 21 months (range 0 to 126 months). The mean duration of diabetes was 24 +/- 7 years (range 5 to 51 years). Ninety-nine percent of the patients were on renal replacement therapy (79% hemodialysis and 20% peritoneal dialysis). RESULTS: The overall rejection rate was similar (NS). Both patient and kidney graft survival rates were worse in diabetics. Patient survival was 82% at 5 years among patients undergoing SKPT, 60% in diabetics receiving only a kidney, and 88% in nondiabetic transplanted patients. Kidney graft survival at 5 years was 77% in diabetics receiving SKPT, 68% in diabetics receiving a kidney alone, and 82% in nondiabetic patients. Overall patient survival was significantly greater among nondiabetics (P =.002) or in diabetics who received SKPT compared with diabetics who only had a kidney transplant (P =.001). CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective clinical evaluation confirms that combined pancreas and kidney transplantation should be the first choice to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients with end-stage diabetic nephropathy.     

Long-term survival after pediatric cardiac transplantation and postoperative ECMO support

BACKGROUND: Graft failure after cardiac transplantation in children can be managed acutely with mechanical support, most commonly extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The purpose of this study was to evaluation the long-term outcome of ECMO support early and late after pediatric cardiac transplantation. METHODS: From February 1982 through October 2002, 168 patients underwent isolated cardiac transplantation. Twenty patients (11.9%) required mechanical support early or late after transplantation. Inpatient and outpatient records of these were reviewed. RESULTS: Indication for transplantation was complex congenital heart disease in 12, cardiomyopathy in 7, and graft failure (retransplant) in 1. One patient was also on ECMO preoperatively. Fifteen patients required circulatory support immediately or shortly (less than 6 weeks) after transplantation. The remaining 5 patients were placed on ECMO for ventricular dysfunction late (3 months to 7 years) after transplantation. In the perioperative ECMO group, 8 (53%) were successfully decannulated and subsequently discharged. Three of 5 (60%) patients placed on ECMO late were successfully decannulated, 1 of whom died in hospital 10 days later and 2 of whom are still alive. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical circulatory support using ECMO can be a useful strategy is the management of graft dysfunction after pediatric cardiac transplantation both early and late postoperatively. The mortality rate is acceptable in this very high risk group of patients and long-term outcome is good.     

Macrophage depletion improves survival of porcine neonatal pancreatic cell clusters contained in alginate macrocapsules transplanted into rats

Omer A, Keegan M, Czismadia E, De Vos P, Van Rooijen N, Bonner-Weir S and Weir GC. Macrophage depletion improves survival of porcine neonatal pancreatic cell clusters contained in alginate macrocapsules transplanted into rats. Xenotransplantation 2003; 10: 240–251. © Blackwell Munksgaard 2003
Background: Macrophages can accumulate on the surface of empty and islet-containing alginate capsules, leading to loss of functional tissue. In this study, the effect of peritoneal macrophage depletion on the biocompatibility of alginate macrocapsules and function of macroencapsulated porcine neonatal pancreatic cell clusters (NPCCs) was investigated. Methods: Clodronate liposomes were injected into the peritoneal cavities of normoglycemic Lewis rats 5 and 2 days before the transplantation. Empty or NPCC-containing Ca-alginate poly L -lysine (PLL)-coated macrocapsules were transplanted into the peritoneal cavities of rats injected with either clodronate liposomes or saline. On days 7, 14 and 21, samples were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for cellular immune responses on the surface of the macrocapsules and for macrophage populations in omental tissue. To assess the function of macroencapsulated NPCCs, insulin secretory responses to glucose and theophylline were measured after capsule retrieval. Results: In saline-injected control groups, all of the empty and NPCC-containing macrocapsules were overgrown with macrophages, this being especially severe on NPCC-containing macrocapsules. In the clodronate liposomes-injected group, the majority of the empty macrocapsules were free of macrophage accumulation and the NPCC-containing macrocapsules were less overgrown than in control animals. Higher insulin responses to glucose and theophylline were observed in NPCCs retrieved from rats injected with clodronate liposomes. Conclusion: We conclude that depletion of peritoneal macrophages with clodronate liposomes improve the survival of macroencapsulated NPCCs.     

Long-term survival after liver transplantation in 4,000 consecutive patients at a single center

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term survival outcomes of a large cohort of liver transplant recipients and to identify static and changing factors that influenced these outcomes over time. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Liver transplantation has been accepted as a therapeutic option for patients with end-stage liver disease since 1983, with continual improvements in patient survival as a result of advances in immunosuppression and medical management, technical achievements, and improvements in procurement and preservation. Although many reports, including registry data, have delineated short-term factors that influence survival, few reports have examined factors that affect long-term survival after liver transplantation. METHODS: Four thousand consecutive patients who underwent liver transplantation between February 1981 and April 1998 were included in this analysis and were followed up to March 2000. The effect of donor and recipient age at the time of transplantation, recipient gender, diagnosis, and year of transplantation were compared. Rates of retransplantation, causes of retransplantation, and cause of death were also examined. RESULTS: The overall patient survival for the entire cohort was 59%; the actuarial 18-year survival was 48%. Patient survival was significantly better in children, in female recipients, and in patients who received transplants after 1990. The rates of retransplantation for acute or chronic rejection were significantly lower with tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. The risk of graft failure and death was relatively stable after the first year, with recurrence of disease, malignancies, and age-related complications being the major factors for loss. CONCLUSION: Significantly improved patient and graft survival has been observed over time, and graft loss from acute or chronic rejection has emerged as a rarity. Age-related and disease-related causes of graft loss represent the greatest threat to long-term survival.