食管鳞癌患者手术前后外周血T细胞亚群与NK、NKT细胞检测的临床意义

目的：分析食管鳞癌患者手术前后外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群与NK、NKT细胞变化规律及其临床意义.方法：应用流式细胞术检测78例食管鳞癌患者外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群及NK、NKT细胞的水平.结果：肿瘤切除术前NKT细胞水平在中低分化组较高分化组显著下降（P〈0.05）;术后外周血中CD8＋T细胞含量明显降低（P〈0.01）,CIM＋/CD8＋比值显著升高（P〈0.01）,同时NK与NKT细胞水平较术前显著下降（P〈0.01）.结论：手术可一定程度改善患者机体免疫功能,检查手术前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK、NKT细胞水平有助于患者的细胞免疫功能监测,为食管鳞癌临床治疗提供依据.     

喉咽鳞癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞活性分析

背景与目的:T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞是主要的细胞免疫形式,通过对两者的研究可以了解细胞免疫在肿瘤发生、发展的作用。喉咽鳞癌患者可能存在一定程度的细胞免疫缺陷,本研究是通过检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞活性,了解喉咽鳞癌患者的细胞免疫功能。方法:用流式细胞仪对78例喉咽鳞癌患者的外周血进行T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞活性的检测,并取20例非肿瘤患者的外周血作为对照组。结果:喉咽鳞癌患者组较非肿瘤患者组CD4淋巴亚群、CD4/CD8比值下降,CD8淋巴亚群升高;NK细胞活性下降。T3～4组较T1～2组、N 组较N0组都有CD4淋巴亚群、CD4/CD8比值下降;NK细胞活性下降。中低分化组CD4淋巴亚群、CD4/CD8比值下降(均P<0.05)。结论:喉咽鳞癌患者CD4T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞活性受到抑制,细胞免疫功能降低;检查外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞活性有助于喉咽鳞癌患者的细胞免疫功能监测。     

乳腺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞及NK细胞的检测及其临床意义

目的:探讨乳腺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞活性的临床意义。方法:采用流式细胞仪测定乳腺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞的活性,以正常人作对照。结果:乳腺癌患者外周血CD3 ,CD4 ,NK细胞数量及CD4 /CD8 比值较正常对照组均明显下降(P<0.05),而CD8 细胞水平显著升高。外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞数量的改变与乳腺癌临床病理指标有关,分期越晚,CD3 细胞、CD4 细胞、CD4 /CD8 细胞比值及NK细胞数量越低,CD8 细胞水平越高;I、II期乳腺癌患者与III、IV期患者之间有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:乳腺癌患者细胞免疫功能低下,且临床病理分期越晚,其免疫功能越低,检测T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞可用于乳腺癌患者的免疫监测。     

胰腺癌患者围手术期T细胞亚群和NK细胞活性的动态观察

目的探讨胰腺癌患者围手术期外周血T细胞亚群、NK细胞的变化及其临床意义.方法采用流式细胞术法分别测定58例胰腺癌患者手术前后外周血T细胞亚群CD4 、CD8 和NK细胞的水平,并与健康对照组比较分析.结果胰腺癌组治疗前外周血CD4 、CD4 /CD8 和NK细胞均降低,而CD8 增高,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01);且与淋巴结转移和肿瘤临床TNM分期有显著相关性.行根治性手术组术后CD4 、CD4 /CD8 和NK细胞均有显著性增高(P<0.05),CD8 显著性降低(P<0.05);而姑息性手术组CD4 、CD4 /CD8 和NK细胞则无显著性增高(P>0.05),CD8 无显著性降低(P>0.05).结论胰腺癌患者血清T细胞亚群和NK细胞的变化与肿瘤的浸润转移和病程有关,检测胰腺癌患者血清T细胞亚群和NK细胞的变化,有助于评估患者的疗效和预后.     

冷冻消融对晚期前列腺癌患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋调节T细胞影响的临床观察

目的:分析探讨氢氦冷冻治疗对前列腺癌患者外周血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg)的影响及临床意义.方法:前列腺癌患者40例,分别于氩氦冷冻治疗术前、术后3个月、6个月采取外周血.放射免疫法检测外周血PSA,流式细胞仪检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+T、CD4+T、CD8+T、CD4+T/CD8+T、NK细胞、Treg细胞)变化情况.结果:前列腺癌患者冷冻后外周血PSA较冷冻前明显下降(P<0.01).与治疗前比较,治疗后3个月、6个月CD3+T、CD4+T、CIM+T/CD8+T、NK细胞比例明显增高,CD8+T细胞比例降低(P<0.05),Treg细胞比例较治疗前降低(P<0.05).冷冻后6月与冷冻后3月比较,Treg细胞无明显变化(P>0.05).相关性分析结果表明:经氩氦冷冻治疗后Treg细胞比例变化与PSA下降呈正相关(r=0.76,P<0.01).结论:前列腺癌氩氦冷冻治疗后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群分布异常得到一定改善,Treg细胞比例变化与肿瘤负荷大小有关.     

急性白血病患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群和调节性T细胞的检测及临床意义

目的:研究急性白血病患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群、调节性T细胞水平的变化及临床意义.方法: 采用流式细胞仪对60例急性白血病(AL)患者[急性髓细胞性白血病(AML)30例、急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)30例]及40例正常人外周血淋巴细胞亚群及调节性T细胞水平进行检测.结果: 初诊AL组与正常对照组比较,CD3+ T淋巴细胞百分比、CD4+T淋巴细胞百分比、CD4+/CD8+ 比值及CD16+/56+ NK细胞百分比均明显降低( P<0.05) ;CD8+ T 淋巴细胞百分比与CD19+ B淋巴细胞百分比均明显升高(P均 <0.01).ALL组CD4+T淋巴细胞百分比及CD4+/CD8+ 比值明显低于AML组( P<0.01).与对照组相比较,初诊AL患者外周血CD4+CD25+ T细胞和CD4+CD25high Treg 细胞均明显升高(P<0.01).结论: AL患者细胞免疫功能明显异常;与AML患者相比,ALL患者细胞免疫功能更为低下.CD4+CD25 high Treg细胞增多可能是AL患者免疫功能受抑的重要原因之一.淋巴细胞亚群及调节性T细胞水平检测在评价AL疗效及判断预后方面具有一定的临床价值.     

化疗对鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者细胞免疫功能的影响

目的:通过对鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者化疗前、后外周血T 淋巴细胞各亚群及NK细胞检测来探讨化疗对其细胞免疫功能的影响。方法:分组对照研究,鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者（实验组）41例,分别在化疗前及化疗2 个周期结束后10d 两次检测外周血T 淋巴细胞各亚群及NK细胞数目。正常健康组35例（对照组）。 对相关实验结果进行统计学分析。结果:鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者化疗前与正常健康组相比,T 淋巴细胞亚群比例紊乱,CD3+、CD4+比例和CD4+/CD 8+比值及NK细胞明显下降,CD8+比例及CD4+CD25+调节性T 细胞（Tregulatory cells ,Treg ）明显升高（P<0.05）。 经过2 个周期的化疗治疗,化疗有效组化疗后CD3+、CD4+比例、NK细胞比例、CD4+/CD 8+比化疗前明显升高（P<0.05）,CD8+比例、CD4+CD25+Treg 明显下降（P<0.05）。 化疗有效组化疗后除CD4+、CD8+比例外,其他指标与正常健康组相比差别均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;而无效组患者化疗后CD4+比例、CD8+比例、CD4+/CD 8+比值、NK细胞数目比化疗前则进一步下降（P<0.05）。 结论:鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者细胞免疫功能低下,T 淋巴细胞亚群比例紊乱,NK细胞明显下降。有效化疗可通过杀伤、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,减轻肿瘤负荷,减少CD4+CD25+Treg ,排除某些免疫抑制因素;改善了患者的细胞免疫功能,化疗无效患者其细胞免疫功能则继续恶化。通过检测患者的T 淋巴细胞各亚群及NK细胞数变化可以反映患者的细胞免疫功能状态,对指导临床治疗、判断预后有重要的意义。      

CD3+CD56+NKT细胞及CD3-CD56+NK细胞在恶性肿瘤患者的临床意义研究

背景与目的细胞毒性淋巴细胞在抗肿瘤免疫效应中发挥着重要作用,CD3 CD56 NKT细胞作为一类新的具有细胞毒性的效应细胞,目前关于其抗肿瘤意义的探讨主要集中于血液系统恶性疾病,而在实体肿瘤中的应用和临床价值研究尚少。本研究旨在初步探讨抗肿瘤细胞CD3 CD56 NKT细胞及CD3-CD56 NK细胞在恶性肿瘤患者外周血的表达状态及其临床意义。方法采用流式细胞术分析118例恶性肿瘤患者(55例肺癌患者和63例乳腺癌患者)及46例健康对照组外周血中的T细胞亚群及CD3 CD56 NKT细胞、CD3-CD56 NK细胞表达。结果恶性肿瘤患者组CD3 CD8 T细胞、CD3 CD56 NKT细胞以及CD3-CD56 NK细胞表达率均明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01)。肺癌患者中以CD3 CD8 T细胞和CD3 CD56 NKT细胞明显增加为主;乳腺癌患者中以CD3 CD56 NKT细胞和CD3-CD56 NK细胞明显增加为主。结论CD3 CD56 NKT细胞在肺癌和乳腺癌患者的抗肿瘤效应中占据重要地位,而CD3 CD8 CTL和CD3-CD56 NK细胞在不同类型肿瘤患者中具有不同的重要性。     

非小细胞肺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞亚群分析及临床意义

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌患者细胞免疫功能的变化及其临床意义。方法采用流式细胞仪检测非小细胞肺癌患者及正常成人外周血中淋巴细胞亚群比例、CD4 /CD8 比值。结果与正常人比较,非小细胞肺癌患者外周血中的CD3 、CD4 CD3 细胞数及CD4 /CD8 比值明显降低(P<0.01),CD8 CD3 细胞数明显升高(P<0.05),NK细胞略有升高(P>0.05)。晚期、分化差的患者较早期、分化好的患者,其CD3 、CD4 CD3 细胞数及CD4 /CD8 比值降低,而CD8 CD3 细胞数则相对升高。T淋巴细胞亚群表达与非小细胞肺癌的病理类型、临床分期及病理学分级无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论非小细胞肺癌患者的细胞免疫功能低下,检测患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群表达对评估患者的细胞免疫功能及疾病的诊断具有重要意义。     

鼻咽癌NK细胞活性及T细胞亚群的研究

作者测定117例鼻咽癌患者血T细胞亚群及NK细胞活性水平,并与40例健康者进行比较,结果发现鼻咽癌患者血T细胞亚群和NK细胞活性水平低于对照组(P<0.01),低分化鳞状细胞癌,未分化细胞癌患者NK细胞活性显著低于中分化鳞状细胞癌和对照组(P<0.05和P<0.01);UICC—TNM分期Ⅳ期和复发病例的NK细胞活性显著低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ者(P<0.05)。血NK细胞活性与血清EB病毒VCA—IgA抗体水平呈负相关rs—=0.85,P<0.05)。结果表明鼻咽癌患者外周血T细胞亚群数量及亚群间失衡伴NK细胞活性受抑制,后者随病情进展而下降。作者认为检测血NK细胞活性和T细胞亚群可作为评估鼻咽癌预后的一项辅助指标。     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.