慢性肺源性心脏病合并低渗性脑病32例临床分析

目的 探讨肺心病合并低渗性脑病的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析32例低渗性脑病患者的临床表现及辅助检查与治疗情况.结果 低渗性脑病患者的临床表现,以嗜睡、反应迟钝最常见.结论 血钠＜125 mmol/L,血浆渗透压＜260 mOsm/L,应考虑低渗性脑病,治疗以补充高渗性盐水为主.     

慢性肺心病合并低渗性脑病32例

目的：探讨肺心病合并低渗性脑病的临床特点。方法：回顾性分析32例低渗性脑病患者的临床表现，辅助检查与治疗情况。结果：低渗性脑病患者的临床表现以嗜睡、反应迟钝最常见。结论：血钠〈125mmol／L，血浆渗透压〈260mosM／L，应考虑低渗性脑病，治疗以补充高渗性盐水为主。     

慢性肺源性心脏病并发低渗性脑病临床分析

目的探讨慢性肺源性心脏病并发低渗性脑病的病因及防治方法。方法对37例出现神经精神症状的慢性肺源性心脏病患者,测定其血浆渗透压和血气分析,并根据测定结果进行有针对性的治疗。结果37例慢性肺源性心脏病患者血气分析排除了呼吸衰竭所致的肺性脑病,其血浆渗透压为206-259mmol／L,均明显降低,经补充电解质和综合治疗,35例（94．6％）恢复正常或接近正常,2例（5．4％）因并发多器官功能衰竭死亡。结论慢性肺源性心脏病患者出现神经精神症状时,不应只考虑肺性脑病、脑血管意外等疾病,应常规测电解质、血浆渗透压,了解是否合并低渗性脑病,以免误诊。一旦发现低渗性脑病,应立即补充电解质,综合治疗,以尽可能获得满意疗效。     

肺心病并发低渗性脑病的护理

低渗性脑病是肺心病治疗过程中常见的并发症之一 ,病情多凶险 ,病死率较高。现将 7例慢性肺心病合并低渗性脑病的观察与护理体会总结如下。1　临床资料本组 7例均按 1980年第三次肺心病专业会议修订的标准确诊为肺心病 ,并伴有意识障碍及精神症状 ,血浆渗透压低于 2 70 mmol/ L,其中 3例合并肺性脑病 ,男 4例 ,女 3例 ,年龄 6 1～ 82岁 ,平均 73岁 ,病人均有纳差、恶心、呕吐 ,同时有嗜睡 ,肌张力减退 5例 ,抽搐、膝反射消失 3例 ,神志恍惚、烦燥 2例 ,昏迷 2例。血电解质 :Na+ 98～ 12 0 mmol/ L、K+ 2 .2～3.5 mmol/ L、Cl170～ 95 mmo…     

慢性肾功能衰竭合并低渗性脑病11例临床分析

目的探讨慢性肾功能衰竭并发低渗性脑病的病因及防治方法。方法对11例出现神经精神症状的慢性肾功能衰竭患者,测定其血浆渗透压和血气分析,并根据测定结果进行有针对性的治疗。结果 11例慢性肾功能衰竭患者血气分析其血浆渗透压为206～259mmol/L,均明显降低,经补充电解质和综合治疗,10例（90.91%）恢复正常或接近正常,1例（9.09%）因并发多器官功能衰竭死亡。结论慢性肾功能衰竭患者出现神经精神症状时,不应只考虑继发中枢神经系统的损害、脑血管意外等疾病,应常规测电解质、血浆渗透压,了解是否合并低渗性脑病,以免误诊。一旦发现低渗性脑病,应立即补充电解质,综合治疗,以尽可能获得满意疗效。     

AECOPD合并低渗性脑病39例临床分析

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期 (AECOPD)合并低渗性脑病的临床特点.方法 对39例AECOPD合并低渗性脑病患者进行回顾性分析.结果 发现AECOPD合并低渗性脑病主要表现为神经系统症状,与肺性脑病很相似,处理不当易死亡.结论 AECOPD治疗中注意水、电解质平衡及早期不同程度的神经系统症状是预防、诊断、治疗低渗性脑病的关键.     

肺心病合并低渗性脑病20例临床分析

目的：探讨肺心病合并低渗性脑病的病因、临床分析、治疗。方法：对20例肺心病合并低渗性脑病进行回顾性分析。结果：本组20例低渗性脑病均在2～5天内血钠补至138mmol／L左右，低渗状态恢复，治愈18例，2例因严重心功能不全合并休克死亡。结论：肺心病合并低渗性脑病常见病因是低钠血症，临床表现与肺性脑病有相似之处，易造成误诊。鉴别可根据血气分析和血钠浓度。治疗首先纠正晶体渗透压的降低，针对低钠血症用0．9％～3％高渗盐水补充。肺心病合并低渗性病须早期诊断、早期治疗。     

老年肺心病合并低渗性脑病24例分析

对２４例老年肺心病合并低渗性脑病进行分析。２４例患者除有慢性肺心病的临床表现外，均有不同程度的低钠血症和低渗透压及精神症状，２９％患者有精神萎靡不振，２５％有嗜睡、烦躁、昏睡者各占１６％，１２．５％有浅昏迷。提示凡老年肺心病患者出现精神症状，宜及时检测血电解质及血浆渗透压，以便早期发现及时治疗     

肺心病并发低渗性脑病36例临床分析

1989年5月至1990年5月我们收治肺心病并发低渗性脑病36例。本文结合临床分析报道于后。临床资料一、一般资料:36例均为急诊科观察室及监护病房病人,其中男11例,女25例;年龄37～83岁,平均69.3岁,单纯性低渗性脑病22例(61.1％),合并肺脑14例(38.9％)。血浆渗透压260～240mosm/L15例(41.7％),240～220mosm/L 17例(47.2％),低于220mosm/L 4例(11.1％)。36例血钠全都低于130mmol/L,血钾低于3.5 mmol/L21例(58.3％),血氯低于90mmol/L 27例(75％)。28例作了血气分析检测,只有低氧血症(PaO_2<8 kPa)者17例(60.7％),既有低氧血症,又有高碳酸血症(PaCO_2>7 kPa)者11例(39.3％)。20例作了血液流变学检测,均有高粘血症存在。二、诊断标准:     

尿毒症肺49例临床表现及胸部X线分析

目的:进一步了解尿毒症肺的临床表现及胸部X线特点。方法:对北京大学人民医院1998～2001年住院的49例尿毒症肺患者进行临床表现和胸部X线特点分析。结果:住院慢性肾功能不全尿毒症期病人141例,其中尿毒症肺的病人49例(34.75％)。无症状者11例(22.45％),咳嗽、咳痰者20例(40.81％)。呼吸困难27例(55.10％);胸部X线表现为肺淤血期20例(40.81％),肺泡性肺水肿期20例(40.81％);血清尿素氮(25.05±9.57)mmol/L,血清肌酐(730.49±251.87)μmol/L。全部病例进行了血液透析治疗,死亡5例(10.2％),结论:临床症状以咳嗽、咳痰、呼吸困难为主,胸部X线表现以肺淤血,肺泡性肺水肿多见。其形成原因与血尿素氮、肌酐、血压及左心衰竭等因素有关。最有效的治疗方法是血液透析。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.