铁叶绿酸钠微囊的制备及释放度测定

目的:制备铁叶绿酸钠微囊,并考察其体外释放情况。方法:采用优化的溶剂挥发法制备铁叶绿酸钠微囊,以正交试验确定制备工艺。结果:铁叶绿酸钠微囊的最佳制备工艺为EC与内相铁叶绿酸钠比为2:1、以1%PVA为分散剂、EC浓度为3%、搅拌速度为700 r·min^-1。结论:铁叶绿酸钠微囊制备方法简单,微囊具有明显的缓释作用。     

铁叶绿酸钠改善记忆作用的研究

目的观察铁叶绿酸钠改善大鼠记忆作用及对大鼠脑血氧的影响.方法用铁叶绿酸钠25,50,100 mg·kg-1分别给大鼠连续灌胃给药,进行迷宫试验,对东茛菪碱损伤记忆拮抗作用试验及其对脑血氧的影响试验.结果铁叶绿酸钠可以减少大鼠达标前所需的反应次数、提高大鼠主动回避反应率、缓解东茛菪碱所致的学习障碍;增加大鼠血氧分压、提高大鼠血氧浓度和血氧饱和度.结论铁叶绿酸钠具有改善记忆的作用.     

硫酸镍对小鼠的神经行为毒性及机制研究

镍既是生物体内的必需微量元素 ,又是常见的工业和环境污染物 ,生物学作用广泛 ,其对职业接镍人群呼吸系统、血液系统、消化系统、内分泌系统、生殖系统及皮肤毒性损伤文献报道较多 ,但对神经系统毒性损伤及其机制研究报道较少 ,本实验观察动物腹腔染毒 ,研究硫酸镍的神经系统毒性损伤 ,并对其损伤机制进行初步探讨。1　材料与方法1 1　材料　昆明种小鼠 2 0～ 2 2ｇ ,雌雄各半 ,兰州医学院动物室提供 (14 0 0 5 ) ;硫酸镍 :西安试剂厂(990 2 0 3) ;试剂盒 :南京建成生物工程研究所 ,批号0 0 10 2 3。1 2　方法　健康成年昆明种小鼠 4 8只 …     

利凡诺小鼠慢性毒性实验研究

利凡诺小鼠慢性毒性实验研究朱明华，孙涛，黄聘和，曾怡四川省劳动卫生职业病防治研究所（成都６１００４１）王红，刘小平中国医学科学输血研究所卫生部基金资助课题利凡诺（Ｒｉｖａｎｏｌ）是一种吖啶类化合物，广泛用于医学有关领域，如外用消毒、计划生育及血浆蛋白...     

雌性小鼠慢性小剂量染镉对子代发育的影响

本文研究了雌性小鼠的慢性低剂量染镉对子代发育的影响。结果表明,在胚胎期,镉主要引起胚胎的早期死亡,对存活胚胎的发育影响不明显。在哺乳期,镉对仔鼠的生长发育及行为等具有广泛的影响。镉对仔鼠的影响主要是由乳汁中摄取的镉所致。     

铜叶绿酸钠对急,慢性肝损伤保护作用的实验研究

以SGPT和SGOT活性升高作为肝损伤指标,证明由蚕沙制得的铜叶绿酸钠(Cu-Chl-Na)对硫代乙酰胺、醋氨酚和四氯化碳所致急性肝损伤均有较好的保护作用。建立了CCl_4皮下注射所致大鼠慢性肝损伤的实验模型,并报道了Cu-Chl-Na对慢性肝损伤的治疗作用。     

在发育毒性研究中母体毒性的意义和评价

人们早就认识到母体因素对胎体的正常发育具有非常重要的作用。随着对发育毒性机理研究的深入,母体毒性在造成发育危害中的作用以及在发育危险度评价中的重要性,已开始受到重视。如美国有关毒理研究机构曾专门举办了母体与发育毒性评     

硒,汞联合发育毒性的体外实验研究

硒、汞联合发育毒性的体外实验研究＊李勇１孙棉龄２吴德生２甲基汞是目前已肯定的人类致畸物之一［１］，而硒是存在于生物体组织中的一种必需微量元素。关于硒与甲基汞之间的相互作用报道不一，有人认为硒能缓解甲基汞的发育毒性［２］；亦有人认为硒能增强甲基汞的胚胎...     

宁泌泰胶囊对小鼠胚胎和胎仔发育毒性研究

摘 要 目的：评价口服给予宁泌泰胶囊对妊娠小鼠的母体毒性、胚胎 胎仔发育毒性和致畸性。方法: 将交配成功后的雌性小鼠于孕期第6～15天连续经口灌胃给予宁泌泰胶囊10 d,剂量为5.2,10.4,20.7 g·kg^-1·d^-1,对照组给予生理盐水。实验过程中定期记录体质量;于妊娠第18天解剖孕鼠,记录黄体数、活胎数、死胎数、吸收胎数;观察胎仔的外观形态,记录体重,并检查骨骼和内脏。结果: 孕鼠及胚胎、胎仔发育的上述各项观察指标未发现明显异常,与对照组比较差异无显著统计学意义。结论:在本实验条件下,宁泌泰胶囊未发现明显的母体毒性与胚胎 胎仔发育毒性。     

雷公藤提取物对小鼠围产期的毒性

雷公藤提取物广泛应用于治疗类风湿关节炎、肾病综合征、系统性红斑狼疮和麻风病等多种自身免疫系统疾病，疗效显著。为提高临床用药的安全性，了解用药后是否可透过胎盘和乳汁影响子代的发育，本研究根据一类新药的要求，对其进行了围产期毒性试验，现报道如下。     

Reproductive toxicity evaluation of vanadium in male mice

The reproductive toxicity of vanadium was studied in mice. Male Swiss mice were exposed to sodium metavanadate at doses of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg per day given in the drinking water for 64 days. To evaluate the fertility of the vanadium-treated animals, males were mated with untreated females for 4 days. A significant decrease in the pregnancy rate was observed at 60 and 80 mg/kg per day of sodium metavanadate. However, metavanadate did not reduce fertility in male mt 20 and 40 mg/kg per day. Reproductive toxicity was measured by sperm count, sperm motility, organ weights, and histologic evaluation of the testes. Decreased body and epididymis weight was only observed in the 80 mg/kg per day group, while testicular weights were not altered by the treatment with all doses used. Sperm coung was significantly decreased at 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg per day, but the sperm motility was unaffected. Histopathological examination revealed that the testes were normal and that the epididymis of treated male mice contained normal appearing sperm. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 40 mg/kg per day. Consequently, vanadium would not cause any adverse effect on fertility or testicular function in male mice at the concentrations usually ingested by humansthrough the diet and drinking water.     

Effect of ascorbate on the toxicity of morphine in mice

The effects of ascorbic acid on the toxicity of morphine in mice were investigated. An intraperitoneal dose of sodium ascorbate (1 G/kg) injected 10 min prior to morphine (500 mg/kg, i.p.) was found to provide significant protection against mortality due to respiratory depression, while having no effect on the lethality of the pentobarbital. Pretreatment with ascorbate had no effect on the distribution of morphine in brain tissue, nor did it alter the pH of the plasma. Administration of ascorbate in vivo also produced no inactivation of binding to opioid receptors. It is postulated that ascorbate antagonizes the lethality of morphine by selectively affecting neuronal activity.     

Effects of litter size on behavioral development in mice

The effect of litter size on behavioral development was investigated in 1384 offspring from 114 litters of CD-1 control mice. Litters were classified in four groups of size: 5 to 7 (I), 8 to 10 (II), 11 to 13 (III), and 14 to 17 (IV). Group III was regarded as the control group. The offspring were examined for behavioral development including surface righting at Postnatal Days (PND) 4 and 7, negative geotaxis at PNDs 4 and 7, cliff avoidance at PND 7, swimming behavior at PNDs 4 and 14, and olfactory orientation at PND 14. In behavioral development, surface righting at PND 7 was significantly affected in group I. Swimming direction at PND 4 was significantly affected in group IV, and those effects showed significant tendencies to be retarded as litter size increased. Other measured parameters showed no significant effect of litter size.     

盐酸苯环壬酯对小鼠的围产期毒性试验研究

盐酸苯环壬酯分成２．５、１２．５和６２．５ｐｐｍ３个浓度组，溶于自一不中，供孕鼠从妊娠ｄ１５开始至断乳时饮用。结果显示，在相当于人临床用量１５－７５倍剂量范围内，该药对小鼠胚胎后期生长发育、母鼠分娩、哺乳及新生小鼠神经行为发育无明显影响。６２．５ｐｐｍ组孕鼠给药期间体重增长抑制，死产仔鼠数增多，雄仔鼠肝脏重量增加，表现出一定的母体毒性和发育毒性。     

国产注射用阿莫西林钠舒巴坦钠的急性毒性研究

目的 研究国产注射用阿莫西林钠舒巴坦钠(AMSB)对小鼠的急性毒性。方法 分别用AMSB2500mg／kg、5000mg／kg静脉注射给药和5000mg/kg腹腔注射给药对小鼠进行急性毒性试验,并与进口同种产品阿莫西林钠舒巴坦钠(TFM,商品名泰霸猛)、注射用阿莫西林钠(AM)、注射用舒巴坦钠(SB)进行了急性毒性比较。结果 国产AMSB、进口TFM、AM、SB静脉注射和腹腔注射给药对小鼠的LD50均大于5000mg／kg。结论 国产AMSB毒性很低,且与进口TFM毒性相同。     

Acute and subchronic toxicity of xylo-oligosaccharide in mice and rats

Xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) is sugar oligomers composed of a β-1,4-linked xylopyranosyl backbone that are obtained by either chemical or, more commonly, enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan polysaccharides extracted from plant cell wall. In this study, acute and subchronic toxicity of XOS in mice and rats have been evaluated, respectively. In the acute study, no obvious clinical signs of toxicity or mortality were observed in mice at the dosage of 32?g/kg BW XOS, excepting transient unformed stools were observed. In the subchronic study, XOS was evaluated in rats with dietary administration at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.9, 2.9, 8.8 and 10% for 13 weeks. Measurements included clinical observations, body weight, food consumption, food conversion efficiency, hematology, blood chemistry, gross necropsy, organ weight and histopathology. Under the conditions, no treatment-related changes were noted in behavior or appearance of the rats and no mortalities occurred. No toxicological findings were found in food consumption, food conversion efficiency, hematology, clinical biochemistry or organ weights in either sex. It is concluded, therefore, that the high dose level, at which the female and male rats consumed about 11.51 and 14.95?g XOS/kg bw/d, respectively, is the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of this 13-week toxicity study.     

不同组成比例的七叶皂苷钠抗炎作用及急性毒性研究

目的观察并比较不同比例的七叶皂苷钠样品的抗炎及毒性作用,筛选确定纯化分离七叶皂苷钠的最佳活性部位,为优化精制工艺提供参考.方法采用耳肿胀及腹腔毛细血管通透性2种炎症模型,观察四个具有七叶皂苷钠A、B、C、D不同比例样品的抗炎作用,并测定静脉给药的LD50.结果所研究的七叶皂苷钠四个样品腹腔注射给药能明显抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀,皮下注射给药均能明显抑制醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性的增加.四个样品的LD50分别为9811199.76mg·kg-1、9811123.43mg·kg-1、9811164.14mg·kg-1、9803159.57mg·kg-1.结论四个样品的抗炎作用以981119、981112和981116略好,毒性以981119和980315较低,因此样品981119所含七叶皂苷钠为最佳活性部位.     

S1P致环磷酰胺染毒后雄性小鼠凋亡蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨1-磷酸鞘氨醇(S1P)对雄性小鼠生殖细胞毒性损害的拮抗机制.方法 健康雄性昆明小鼠40只,随机分为5组,即正常对照组;S1P低剂量(0.5 μg/10 g小鼠体质量)、中剂量(1.0 μg/10 g小鼠体质量)、高剂量(2.0 μg/10 g小鼠体质量)组;环磷酰胺染毒组.腹腔注射给药5d,于首次给药后30 d处死.分别采集睾丸样本,小鼠睾丸病理切片观察睾丸组织的病理学改变,免疫组化检测小鼠睾丸凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase3的表达.结果 与环磷酰胺染毒组相比:各S1P剂量组病理学结构均有不同程度的改善,Bcl-2蛋白表达增强,Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达减弱.经图像分析软件分析后得出平均光密度值,各实验组与染毒组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 S1P对雄性小鼠生殖细胞毒性损害具有一定的拮抗作用,可能通过活化Bcl-2和抑制Bax,抑制下游Caspase-3的表达来拮抗环磷酰胺所致的生殖毒性.     

间充质干细胞的毒性作用研究

目的 研究间充质干细胞对小鼠的急性毒性作用, 初步探讨其毒性反应, 为间充质干细胞在临床上安全使用提供指导。方法 选用ICR小鼠, 根据预试结果, 实验分为3组:对照组和间充质干细胞高、低剂量组, 每组分别采用20只实验动物, 雌雄各半, 分别观察小鼠对间充质干细胞的反应。结果 实验期间, 各给药组小鼠各检查时间点平均体质量与对照组比较均无明显差异, 且小鼠被毛光泽, 精神状态和自主活动均正常, 分泌物和排泄物等均未见明显异常。表明间充质干细胞制剂静脉给药对小鼠体质量增长无明显影响。与对照组比较, 间充质干细胞低、高剂量组雄性小鼠脾、肺质量及系数明显升高, 高剂量组雌性大鼠肺脏系数明显升高。结论 间充质干细胞制剂无明显的毒副作用, 且在肺脏和脾脏等部位滞留。