原发性高血压人群胰岛素抵抗与β_3-肾上腺素能受体基因多态性的关联

目的　对中国汉族原发性高血压人群中胰岛素抵抗与 β3 肾上腺素能受体 (β3 AR)基因多态性的关系进行探讨。方法　 179名原发性高血压患者 ,以胰岛素敏感指数〔IAI =-ln(空腹血糖×空腹血胰岛素 )〕5 0百分位点将此人群划分为胰岛素相对抵抗组 (IAI≤ - 4.88)及胰岛素相对敏感组 (IAI>- 4.88) ,并以 42名正常人作为对照。测定血压、空腹血糖、空腹血胰岛素、血脂、尿酸等指标 ,并提取DNA进行 β3 AR基因 6 4位T/A多态性的分析。结果　β3 AR基因 6 4位Trp→Arg突变携带者的频率在抵抗组较敏感组高 (2 8.0 %vs 15 .7% ,P <0 .0 5 )。Spearman相关分析发现 β3 AR基因型与IAI呈负相关 ,与血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、尿酸水平正相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。运用Logistic回归分析 ,总人群中β3 AR基因突变型与胰岛素抵抗显著相关 ,相对危险度为 2 .36 (95 %可信限 1.10～ 5 .0 6 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　原发性高血压人群中 β3 AR基因 6 4Arg突变携带者易发生胰岛素抵抗 ,此突变与高甘油三酯、高胆固醇、高尿酸血症相关。β3 AR基因 6 4位Trp→Arg突变可能是部分高血压患者胰岛素抵抗的遗传基础     

肾上腺素β3受体基因多态性与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗及高血压

肾上腺素β1及β2 受体已经为人们所熟知 ,近年来关于肾上腺素 β3受体 (β3 adrenergicreceptor ,ADRβ3)的研究也越来越多。ADRβ3首先在大网膜和皮下脂肪组织中发现 ,1989年采用火鸡 β1 AR与人 β2 AR基因的完整编码区筛选人基因文库 ,得到ADRβ3基因克隆。随后对ADRβ3的药理学研究发现 ,ADRβ3的高选择性激动剂可作为抗肥胖和抗糖尿病的药物 ,进而在动物模型中证明ADRβ3与脂肪分解和生热作用相关。近年来对ADRβ3基因Trp6 4Arg多态性与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、高血压的关系的研究有许多阳性发现。1　肾上腺素 β3受体的发现、…     

β3肾上腺素能受体基因与胰岛素抵抗研究进展

β肾上腺素能受体在脂肪分解和产热方面起着重要作用。由于其64位点基因存在多态性（Trp64Arg)，使细胞膜表面基因表达缺陷，细胞信号转导受损，从而影响脂肪组织的产热和分解，近年来多项研究显示β3肾上腺素能受体基因突变可造成胰岛素抵抗，临床表现如体重增加，且减轻体重困难，葡萄糖代谢率下降，早期出现2型糖尿病，另外还有血压，血脂的升高，月经初潮年龄提前等表现，此基因多态笥同样影响绝经后及妊娠期妇女的血糖和体重。     

β3肾上腺素能受体变异与肥胖及胰岛素抵抗的关系

本文综述了β３肾上腺素能受体的生物学特性及其与肥胖及胰岛素抵抗的关系。     

β3肾上腺素能受体基因多态性与原发性高血压相关性研究现状

原发性高血压(EH)常伴随着代谢方面的异常,如肥胖、体重增加、胰岛素抵抗(IR)、糖尿病(DM)等,这些均被证实与β3肾上腺素能受体(β3-AR)基因的多态性有关。β3-AR是交感神经系统的重要组成部分,它主要介导脂肪分解与热生成作用,该受体激动时局部脂肪分解增加。如果决定β3-AR性     

原发性高血压患者β2肾上腺素能受体基因79G／C多态性的研究

目的　探讨β2 肾上腺素能受体 (Beta2 adrenergicreceptor ,β2 -AR)基因 79G/C多态性与原发性高血压的关系。方法　应用聚合酶链反应 -限制性片段长度多态性的方法 ,检测 12 3例健康人 ,10 9例原发性高血压患者的 β2 -AR基因型。用生化技术测定研究对象的空腹血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白 -胆固醇。结果　等位基因G、C在原发性高血压组和对照组的分布频率分别为 0 93、0 0 7和 0 91、0 0 9,基因频率分布符合Hardy Weinberg平衡 ,样本具有群体代表性。两组人群的基因型和等位基因频率分布无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　在中国汉族人群中 ,β2 AR基因 79G/C多态性可能与原发性高血压无显著性相关。     

多囊卵巢综合征妇女的β3—肾上腺素能受体基因与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 探讨β3－肾上腺素能受体（β3－AR）基因Arg64突变与多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）及其肥胖、胰岛素抵抗（IR）、血压和血脂的关系。方法 采用PCR－RFLP技术对正常及PCOS病人进行β3－AR基因变异检查,并测量体重指数、腰臀围比值、血压,抽血测定血糖、血脂、胰岛素等,计算胰岛素抵抗指数。结果 PCOS妇女的Arg64等位基因频率明显高于正常组,分别为0．33和0．13（P＜0．05）,Arg64组的空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、腰臀围比值呈相关。结论 β3-AR基因Arg64突变在PCOS及胰岛素抵抗的发病过程中起一定的作用。     

原发性高血压患者β2肾上腺素能受体基因79G/C多态性的研究

目的探讨β2肾上腺素能受体(Beta2-adrenergic receptor, β2-AR)基因79G/C多态性与原发性高血压的关系.方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性的方法,检测123 例健康人,109例原发性高血压患者的β2-AR基因型.用生化技术测定研究对象的空腹血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇.结果等位基因G、C在原发性高血压组和对照组的分布频率分别为0.93、0.07和0.91、0.09,基因频率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,样本具有群体代表性.两组人群的基因型和等位基因频率分布无明显差异(P>0.05).结论在中国汉族人群中,β2-AR基因79G/C多态性可能与原发性高血压无显著性相关.     

β3肾上腺素能受体基因与胰岛素抵抗研究进展

β3肾上腺素能受体在脂肪分解和产热方面起着重要作用.由于其64位点基因存在多态性(Trp64Arg),使细胞膜表面基因表达缺陷,细胞信号转导受损,从而影响脂肪组织的产热和分解.近年来多项研究显示β3肾上腺素能受体基因突变可造成胰岛素抵抗,临床表现如体重增加,且减轻体重困难,葡萄糖代谢率下降,早期出现2型糖尿病,另外还有血压、血脂的升高,月经初潮年龄提前等表现.此基因多态性同样影响绝经后及妊娠期妇女的血糖和体重.     

β2肾上腺素能受体基因多态性与原发性高血压的相关性研究

目的:检测贵州汉族人群β2 肾上腺素能受体基因Gln27Glu多态性,并探讨其与贵州汉族人群原发性高血压(EH)以及其他心血管病危险因素的关系。方法:选择131例EH患者及40例正常人为对象,通过聚合酶链反应确定基因型,并测定每个对象的体质指数(BMI)、腰围、臀围、腰围/臀围、空腹血三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL- C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL- C)以及LP(α)等。结果:①Gln27Glu多态性的基因型频率和等位基因频率在EH组和对照组间差异无统计学意义 (P>0.05),但 Glu27/Glu、Gln27/Glu基因型频率和Glu27等位基因频率在3级EH组的比例明显高于其在对照组及 1、2 级 EH组的比例(P<0.05);②Glu27/Glu、Gln27/Glu两种基因型个体的TC显著高于 Gln27/Gln基因型个体 (P<0.05),而 BMI、腰围/臀围、TG、LDL- C、HDL- C以及LP(α)等在三种基因型之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:Gln27Glu基因多态性与3级EH及TC有关联。     

Association of leptin receptor polymorphism with insulin resistance

OBJECTIVE: Although the role of the leptin receptor (LEPR) in obesity is well recognized, its role in insulin sensitivity remains unknown. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study to investigate the impact of the Q223R polymorphism of the LEPR gene on insulin sensitivity. METHODS: Sixty-seven glucose-tolerant Caucasians were enrolled. The insulin sensitivity index and glucose clearance were measured using a hyperglycemic clamp. Genomic DNA was extracted for genotyping. RESULTS: We identified 20 QQ, 31 QR, and 16 RR subjects. The three genotypic groups were similar in age, gender distribution, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and blood pressure, but differed in the insulin sensitivity index (P=0.0180) and in glucose clearance (P=0.0220). Multivariate analyses showed that the Q223R polymorphism was independently associated with the insulin sensitivity index (P=0.0317) and glucose clearance (P=0.0436). A trend of increasing low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was also observed (P=0.0447). CONCLUSION: We have reported the first association of the Q223R polymorphism of the LEPR gene with insulin resistance.     

Association of Ob-R gene polymorphism and insulin resistance in Japanese men

Leptin and its receptors are known to play a role in glucose metabolism. We succeeded in cloning human Ob-R cDNA and revealed 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (Lys109Arg, Arg223Gln, Ser343Ser, Ser492Thr, Lys656Asn, Ala976Asp, and Pro1019Pro) in the coding region of Ob-Rb. Although these 7 SNPs were not associated with an obese phenotype, several studies have reported that some of them were associated with impaired glucose metabolism. To clarify whether the Arg223Gln and A3057G (Pro1019Pro) polymorphisms influence glucose metabolism in Japanese, 696 Japanese men were genotyped. Individually, the Arg223Gln and the A3057G polymorphisms were not associated with the glucose metabolic parameters. No associations were found between haplotype and clinical parameters. However, in 327 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), the subjects with Arg/Gln or Gln/Gln + A/A haplotype showed significantly higher serum insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index than those with Arg/Arg + A/A haplotype and Arg/Gln or Gln/Gln + A/G or G/G haplotype. The subjects with Arg/Gln or Gln/Gln + A/A haplotype showed a significantly lower fasting glucose to insulin (GI) ratio than those with Arg/Arg + A/A haplotype. These results suggest that the Ob-R gene may serve as a modifier gene for insulin resistance in Japanese men.     

Association of Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARgamma gene with insulin resistance and related diseases

To clarify the contribution of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) gene to susceptibility to insulin resistance and related diseases, 505 unrelated Japanese subjects were investigated, including 175 normotensive non-diabetic (NN) subjects, 125 normotensive diabetic (ND) subjects, 102 hypertensive non-diabetic (HN) subjects, and 103 hypertensive diabetic (HD) subjects. Ala phenotype frequency was lowest in patients with both type 2 diabetes and hypertension (3.9% in HD group), followed by patients with either one of these conditions (5.6% in ND group, 7.8% in HN group), and highest in subjects without these conditions (9.7% in NN group). When stratified by hypertensive status, the Ala phenotype was negatively associated with diabetes, giving an odds ratio of 0.53 (95% confidence interval: 0.25-1.09). In contrast, when stratified by diabetic status, the odds ratio of the Ala phenotype for hypertension was 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.37-1.54). In non-diabetic hypertensive subjects, glucose and insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test as well as M-value estimated by glucose-clamp test were not significantly different according to the genotype. The data suggest a contribution of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARgamma to genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, but not to insulin sensitivity in hypertensive subjects.     

Ghrelin基因Leu72Met多态性与胰岛素分泌、胰岛素抵抗和糖调节受损的相关性

目的探讨ghrelin基因Leu72Met（C408A）多态性与胰岛素分泌、胰岛素抵抗和糖调节受损（IGR）之间的关系。方法用PCR-RFLP法对126例IGR和423例NGT者进行ghrelin基因Leu72Met多态性分析。同时检测生化指标和临床参数。结果NGT组分为BMI〈24．0kg／m^2和BMI≥24．0kg／m^2两组,比较OGTT各点血糖、胰岛素和HOMA-IR、HOMA-β,结果提示组内CC基因型者和CA＋AA基因型者间,上述指标均无统计学差异。NGT和IGR组ghrelin基因C408A分布和等位基因频率无统计学差异。IGR组CC基因型者DBP明显低于CA＋AA基因型者;血尿酸水平均明显高于CA＋AA基因型者。结论ghrelin基因Leu72Met与血压和血尿酸水平相关。     

Association of muscle glycogen synthase polymorphism with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients

The aim of the present study is to investigate whether Met416Val (M416V) polymorphism of glycogen synthase (GYS1) gene is associated with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. In 100 type 2 diabetic subjects (66 men and 34 women), the M416V polymorphism of GYS1 gene was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) as previously reported, and insulin resistance was assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp represented as M/I value, the mean of glucose infusion rate (M value) adjusted by steady state plasma insulin level. The means of age and body mass index (BMI) of the subjects were 53.1+/-11.6 (SD) years and 23.3+/-3.5 kg/m2. The allele frequencies of M416V polymorphism were 82.0% for MM, 16.0% for MV, and 2.0% for VV, and subjects were subsequently divided into V(+) group (n=18) and V(-) group (n=82) according to the presence or absence of V allele. There were no significant differences in age, BMI, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose or insulin levels or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels between the V(+) and V(-) groups. No significant differences in either M or M/I value were found between the V(+) and V(-) groups (M value, 5.06+/-2.20 v 5.12+/-2.04 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1), P=.841; M/I value, 5.24+/-3.07 v 5.39+/-2.87 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1) x mU(-1) x L, P=.576). BMI showed the strongest independent contribution to M/I value, but the presence of V allele did not in multiple regression analysis. In conclusion, the M416V polymorphism of GYS1 gene is not associated with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.     

Association of beta3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism with insulin resistance in Japanese-American men

The Trp64Arg variant of the beta3-adrenergic receptor (beta3-AR) gene is relatively common in Japanese people. We hypothesized that this variant may be associated with obesity and insulin resistance when combined with a westernized lifestyle. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the relationships between the beta3-AR gene variant and obesity and insulin resistance in Japanese-American men, who are known to have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The subjects were 152 Japanese-American men living in Hawaii, 83 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 40 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 29 with DM. The frequency of the Trp64Arg allele of the beta3-AR gene was 0.18, almost identical to that of the mainland Japanese. The prevalence of the Trp64Arg allele was 30.1% in NGT, 35.0% in IGT, and 41.4% in DM subjects (nonsignificant). The Trp64Arg variant of the beta3-AR gene showed no significant relationship with obesity or insulin resistance in NGT subjects. However, fasting and 2-hour insulin levels and insulin resistance as determined by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) were significantly higher in IGT subjects with the Trp64Arg variant. Although indices of obesity were the same in IGT subjects with and without the Trp64Arg variant, differences in the body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat between NGT and IGT subjects were greater for individuals with the Trp64Arg variant. Thus, there is an association between the Trp64Arg variant of the beta3-AR gene and insulin resistance in Japanese-Americans with IGT.     

肿瘤坏死因子α基因多态性与非酒精性脂肪性肝病胰岛素抵抗的相关性

胰岛素抵抗（IR）目前被认为是非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）的主要发病机制。研究表明肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）α及其基因多态性与IR关系密切。我们通过检测NAFLD患者的TNFα基因多态性及其血浆水平，探讨了TNFα与IR之间的相关性。     

肿瘤坏死因子α基因多态性与2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的相关性

目的　探讨肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)水平及其基因第 3 0 8位G→A变异与 2型糖尿病 (DM )胰岛素抵抗 (IR)的相关情况。方法　 ( 1)放射免疫法检测 70例 2型DM患者和 60例健康对照者空腹血清胰岛素 (FINS)、TNF α水平。 ( 2 )以PCR RFLP检测TNF α基因型。 ( 3 )用自我平衡模型分析法(HOMA)评价IR。结果　 ( 1) 2型DM组及对照组血清TNF α水平分别为 ( 1.2 6± 0 .2 8) μg/L和 ( 1.15±0 .2 4) μg/L(P <0 .0 5 ) ;FINS分别为 ( 11.3 1± 4.3 1)mIU/L和 ( 14 .67± 4.96)mIU /L(P <0 .0 1) ;HOMA IR分别为 5 .5 4± 2 .2 5和 3 .3 9± 1.48(P <0 .0 1)。 ( 2 ) 2型DM组和对照组GA +AA基因型频率分别为0 .3 0和 0 .13 ,A等位基因频率分别为 0 .16和 0 .0 7(P <0 .0 5 )。 ( 3 ) 2型DMGA +AA基因型组及GG基因型组TNF α分别为 ( 1.3 5± 0 .2 5 ) μg/L和 ( 1.2 2± 0 .16) μg/L(P <0 .0 5 ) ;FINS分别为 ( 13 .42± 4.73 )mIU /L和 ( 10 .40± 3 .63 )mIU/L(P <0 .0 1) ;HOMA IR分别为 7.42± 1.93和 4.11± 1.3 1(P <0 .0 1)。( 4 )多元逐步回归分析显示 :HOMA IR与TNF α及TNF α基因型呈显著正相关。结论　TNF α第 3 0 8位G→A变异与中国闽南人 2型DM的发生有关 ,A等位基因可能通过增加TNF α的释放     

PGC-1及其基因多态性与胰岛素抵抗

过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体γ协同刺激因子-1(PGC-1)与胰岛素抵抗(IR)形成密切相关。PGC-1可加速肝脏糖异生进程,诱发肝内IR,同时又可通过影响胰岛β细胞葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌(GSIS)引起胰岛β细胞IR。另一方面,PGC-1表达增加可减少骨骼肌脂肪比重,增加有氧肌肉类型和胰岛素敏感性,从而减轻骨骼肌IR。PGC-1基因Gly482Ser多态性与IR显著相关,在2型糖尿病患者中,携带Ser/Ser基因型者较携带Gly/Gly基因型者具有更高的空腹胰岛素浓度和IR指数;携带Gly/Gly基因型的正常糖耐量者,较Ser/Ser基因型携带者表现为更低的胰岛素分泌。