25例颅内脂肪瘤MRI表现及诊断分析

目的探讨颅内脂肪廇的MRI表现及MRI对颅内脂肪瘤的诊断价值。方法对25例颅内脂肪瘤的MRI表现进行回顾性分析。结果 25例颅内脂肪瘤MRI表现为典型短T1中长T2和高质子的MR信号和抑脂时信号消失,与球后或皮下脂肪信号相同,均无占位效应及明显周围水肿。结论颅内脂肪瘤具有典型MR信号,中线部位尤其是胼胝体区多见,并常见伴行发育异常,少数病灶可多发。MRI可作为诊断颅内脂肪廇的首选方法。     

胼胝体脂肪瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的　研究胼胝体脂肪瘤的CT和MRI征象及诊断价值。方法　 1 8例胼胝体脂肪瘤 ,男 1 0例 ,女 8例 ,年龄 2个月～ 55岁。均行头颅CT和MRI平扫 ,同时行MRI脂肪抑制成像。结果　 1 4例单发 (77.8% ) ,4例多发 (2 2 .2 % )。曲线型 1 4例(77.8% ) ,管结节型 4例 (2 2 .2 % )。CT表现为低密度区 (CT值 - 4 4～ - 71HU) ,MRI表现为短T1 、中长T2 和高质子密度信号 ,在各序列上均与脂肪组织信号同步。 1 2例 (66 .7% )合并颅内外的单或多部位发育异常 ,包括胼胝体发育不良或缺如 ,透明隔缺如 6例 ,颅内其他部位多发脂肪瘤 4例 ,灰质异位 2例 ,脑裂畸形、巨脑回、蛛网膜囊肿、额顶皮下脂肪瘤及局部颅骨缺损各 1例。结论　胼胝体脂肪瘤在CT和MRI上有特征性表现。本病常合并颅内外的各种先天性发育异常。MRI检出本病优于CT。CT与MRI结合可在活体上做出诊断     

颅内脂肪瘤的磁共振表现

目的:分析颅内脂肪瘤MRI影像特点并探讨其发生机制.材料和方法:58例颅内脂肪瘤(2例手术证实,其余依据典型短T1中长T2和高质子密度的MR信号和抑脂时信号消失而诊断),男性28例,女性30例,年龄41.3(9～77)岁.均采用常规SE序列,T2WI加脂肪抑制,其中4例使用了T1WI脂肪抑制.结果:全部病灶均具有典型MR信号,与球后或皮下脂肪信号相同,并均无占位效应.中线脂肪瘤41例,合并发育异常9例.其中胼胝体区16例,包括巨块3例,弧线型12例,小点状1例;四叠体池、环池区域13例,小脑上池6例,窦汇区、蚓部、纵裂内、小脑半球间、鞍上池、跨枕大孔区各1例.非中线脂肪瘤15例.包括天幕池2例,桥小脑角池、侧裂池、侧脑室三角区各4例,及脑实质1例.多发2例,分别为2个和4个瘤体.结论:颅内脂肪瘤具有典型MR信号,中线部位尤其胼胝体区多见,并常见伴行的发育异常;非中线部位表现多样,形态各异,伴行发育异常少;少数可多发.胼胝体区脂肪瘤具有较强规律性,与胼胝体发生发育一致;非胼胝体区脂肪瘤与脑膜关系密切.     

颅骨骨纤维异常增殖症的CT和MRI诊断

目的：探讨CT和MRI对颅骨骨纤维异常增殖症的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法：对18例经病理证实为颅骨骨纤维异常增殖症的15例CT、和8例MRI进行回顾性分析。结果：18例中单骨型10例（占55．6％）,多骨型8例（占44．4％）;CT表现为“磨玻璃状”6例（占40%）。呈“丝瓜络状”9侧（占60％）,病变累及视神经管u例、圆孔6例、卵圆孔2例、翼管5例、眶上裂5例、眶下裂5例;6例（占75％）MRI表现为T1WI、T2wI以低信号为主的混杂信号,增强后呈不均匀强化;2例（占25％）MRI表现为T1wI等信号、T2w1低信号,信号均匀,增强后均匀强化。结论：CT是诊断本病的主要方法,MRI可帮助观察病灶周围骨髓腔和软组织情况。     

侧脑室脑膜瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的：提高侧脑室内脑膜瘤的CT和MRI诊断的正确性。材料和方法：本文收集了经手术和病理证实的侧脑室脑膜瘤16例。9例作CT检查，12例作MRI检查，其中5例同时作CT和MRI检查。结果：（1）侧脑室脑膜瘤具有典型的CT和MRI表现，即：病灶大多为类圆形（81．2％，13／16），体积较大，边界清晰。CT平扫为均匀略高密度影，增强呈均匀明显强化（77．8％，7／9）。MRI表现为T1WI呈等信号（75％，9／12）、低信号（25％，3／12），T2WI呈略高信号（41．7％，5／12）、等信号（50％，6／12）、低高混杂信号（8．3％，1／12），增强呈均匀强化（66．7％，8／12），和不均匀强化（33．3％，4／12）。可有囊变、坏死和钙化。可见瘤周脑实质水肿（43．8％，7／16）。（2）侧脑室脑膜瘤好发于20－60岁，女性多见，本组男女之比为3:13。（3）侧脑室脑膜瘤好发于侧脑室三角区。（4）16例侧脑室脑膜瘤病理类型均为纤维型。结论：侧脑室脑膜瘤根据其CT和MRI特点，结合临床和发病部位和发病年龄、性别，可以提高诊断正确率。其病理类型均为纤维型。     

螺旋CT和MRI判断胃癌T分期的价值

目的：探讨螺旋CT（SCT）及MRI对进展期胃癌T分期的价值。方法：通过采用水充盈技术，应用螺旋CT和高场强MR对30例经手术证实的进展期胃癌患者在术前行SCT、MRI平扫及动态增强扫描，并与手术病理结果进行对照。结果：SCT及MRI判断T分期的准确率分别为83．3％（25／30），90．0％（27／30）。SCT及MRI判断Tz期的准确率分别为77．8％（7／9），88．9％（8／9）；T。分期的准确率分别为84．6％（11／13），92．3％（12／13）；T4分期的准确率分别为87．5％（7／8），87．5％（7／8）。结论：MRI对胃癌T分期的判断准确性略高于螺旋CT，MRI以其多平面及多参数成像的特点与螺旋CT在评价胃癌T分期方面进行互补。     

脑内静脉窦血栓形成MRI表现的再探讨和MR静脉成像的选择

目的：明确脑内静脉血栓形成的脑内MRI表现和MR血管造影的诊断及检查方法。材料和方法：共9例病人，男性2例，女性7例。年龄30－56岁，平均38．2岁。使用Siemens-vision-plus超导高场MRI系统，场强1．5T。采用常规SE序列，tuberSE，TOF血管成像（用于动脉血管显示），PC法20静脉血管成像和增强3D静脉血管成像（用于矢状窦显示）。结果：MR的动脉血管成像显示阳性率为0％，2D和3D静脉血管成像阳性率为100％，3D增强静脉血管造影可更好地显示阻塞的静脉。脑实质内均有阳性表现，表现为矢状窦旁白质区对称或非对称性异常改变，呈斑片状和片状，T1W为低信号，T2W为高信号。增强后脑膜强化2例。合并脑内出血5例。结论：MRI结合MR静脉血管造影，尤其增强3D静脉血管造影是诊断脑内静脉血栓形成的有效手段。     

淋巴瘤骨髓的MRI表现

目的：研究骨淋巴瘤的MRI表现,探讨其MRI诊断的价值。方法：10例骨淋巴瘤,男8例,女2例,年龄11－75岁,平均35．6岁。10例均行MRI检查,原发性霍奇金病（Hodgkin‘s disease,HD)和非霍奇金淋巴瘤（non-Hogkin‘s lymphoma,NHL)各1例,继发性B细胞源性NHL8例。结果（1）发病部位：8例继发性者累及腰椎6例次,胸椎5例次,骶尾椎4例次,骨盆3例次,股骨近端、肋骨、颅骨、胸骨各1例次。2例原发性HD和NHL分别累及胸腰椎和胸椎;(2)病灶数目;8例继发性者均多骨多发,2例原发性HD和NHL分别为多骨多发和单骨发病;（3）MRI信号：骨髓异常表现为长T1长T2信号,软组织肿块表现为等T1、略长T2信号;（4）病灶形态;9例呈多发灶状、斑片状态改变,1例原发生HD呈弥漫性改变;（5）病理性骨折及软组织肿块;3例合并椎体病理性骨折,6例合并软组织肿块,结论：骨淋巴瘤以继发性NHL为主,主要侵犯中轴骨,多呈多局灶性,斑片状长T1、长T2信号。MRI检查敏性高,但缺乏特异性。     

AIDS合并脑内、肺内机遇性感染的影象学诊断研究

目的：研究AIDS合并脑内、肺内机遇性感染的影像表现及其与AIDS确诊的相关性。方法：101例AIDS患中合并脑内(22例)和肺内(24例)机遇性感染均经MRI检查，部分病人还经Gd-DTPA增强及CT扫描。结果：在一些典型的合并脑内机遇性感染患中，CT平扫显示脑实质内多发低密度区，增强后病变呈异常强化、MRI显示两侧大脑自质广泛长T1、长T2异常信号，个别病人伴少量出血，Gd-DTPA增强后，脑实质内病变呈多发环状、螺旋形明显异常强化。在典型的合并肺内机遇性感染患中，CT示右肺大片状高密度区、左侧胸腔内积液。结论：AIDS合并脑内、肺内机遇性感染的影像表现无特异性征象，确诊需靠血清HIV检验。     

颅内黑色素瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的：探讨颅内黑色素瘤的CT和MRI特点。材料和方法：回顾性分析2000～2006年我院手术病理证实5例颅内黑色素瘤（原发性4例，转移性1例）的3例CT和4例MRI表现。结果：CT平扫表现为类圆形高密度影2例和低密度影1例，均明显增强。MRI平扫呈短T1短T2信号3例和长短T1短T2信号1例。结论：颅内黑色素瘤CT无特征性；MRI有一定特征，MRI是诊断黑色素瘤的首选影像学检查手段。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）