一种小型PACS系统的设计与实现

目的 以我院成像设备的数字化改造，并建立PACS为例，探讨适合我国国情的PACS的设计模式。材料与方法 对我院现有非数字化或非DIC0M标准影像设备进行了数字化改造，继而开发了PACS网络系统，然后将其并入我院HIS内，实现了数字影像的网络传输功能。结果 影像系统所有分立设备均配接了KY系列影像工作站和激光打印机，既能进行影像数字化采集、存储、图像后处理及图像打印输出，又可以作为PACS的显示终端，并与网络服务器连接，成功地完成了PACS的设计与运行。结论 目前在我国非数字化或非DICOM标准成像设备配置占主体的状况下，建立适合我国国情的PACS的设计模式是切实可行的。     

数字摄影与PACS系统应用体会

数字摄影是随着医疗影像设备的数字化和计算机技术、网络技术的高速发展,图像存储与传输系统PACS被广泛应用到临床医学影像诊断上。PACS系统与数字化医疗影像设备的相结合,逐步取代了医院放射科室的传统影像诊断方法和管理模式。     

医学影像诊断综合实验室的数字化建设与管理

目的构建基于PACS的数字化影像诊断综合实验室,促进我校影像诊断实验室的建设和发展,实现影像实验教学与管理数字化。方法利用我校影像诊断综合实验室与附属医院影像科原有设备及网络条件,合理引进并构建以PACS为平台的数字化影像实验教学系统。结果成功地实现了数字化图像在PACS内的采集、传送、中心存储、管理、异机图像处理、终端服务器图像浏览。结论以PACS为平台构建数字化医学影像诊断综合实验室,不仅全面提高了实验室的工作、使用效率和管理水平,而且促进了优质教学资源的整合与共享,推动了影像实验教学模式和方法的改革,对于提高影像教学质量具有重要意义。     

影像存储与传输系统的设计及初步应用

目的：探讨适合院情的PACS系统的设计与实施。方法：CT、MRI等影像设备连接成医学数字影像传输(DICOM)网络；DICOM服务器与各图像浏览及诊断报告书写终端连接成PACS。结果：成功地实现了数字化图像在PACS内的传送、中心存储、不同操作系统(UNIX和Windows NT)不同格式图像在DICOM3．0标准水平的相互兼容和影像交流。以及PACS内影像诊断报告的书写、共享、打印等功能。结论：一个先进的适合院情的PACS应该具备实用性、标准性、经济性、兼容性、开放性，而且界面友好，使用方便，具有强大的图像后处理功能。系统框架合理先进，稳定性好，维护方便。     

推动我国数字化医院建设的经典之作——上海英迈古东影图像设备有限公司发布AnglePlan数字化医院完整解决方案

(2003年9月15日，北京)中国影像技术产品主要供应商，被誉为中国影像技术专家的上海英迈吉东影图像设备有限公司．日前在北京人民大会堂召开了“中国&;#183;AnglePlan-数字化医院完整解决方案”(东影)新闻发布会。将全球领先的医学影像技术与先进的IT技术相融合，推出了以终端技术产品为核心、以服务于病人为目的的数字化医院完整解决     

口腔医学影像网络的建立与应用探讨

[目的]通过数字化口腔医疗设备组建口腔医学影像网络,实现数字化医学影像信息资源共享.[方法]数字化口腔医疗设备通过图像采集卡连接到工作站,组成口腔医学数字化影像采集网络;服务器与各图像浏览及诊断报告书写终端,连接成星形拓扑结构的以太网;二者再通过集线器连接成口腔医学影像网络.[结果]数字化口腔医疗设备摄取的口腔数字化影像,成功地在口腔医学影像网络内的传送、处理、交流、存储,以及医学影像诊断报告的书写、打印等功能,实现了病员信息共享,提高工作效率和管理水平.[结论]数字化口腔医疗设备组建口腔医学影像网络建立以后,必需对其进行维护,主要是故障管理维护和安全管理维护.     

CR系统影像质量的控制和评估

CR系统是实现X线平片数字化较成熟的设备。与传统X线摄影相比，CR系统提高了图像质量。降低了辐射剂量，其图像后处理技术更适应现代诊断要求，真正实现了常规X线影像的数字化储存、再现和信息联网。通过剖析CR系统成像原理，系统地对可能影响成像质量的各个环节和因素进行了探讨，并对影像质量控制进行了分析和评估，提出了控制和提高影像质量的具体对策，旨在提高对CR影像质量的认识，从而更好地为临床服务。     

基于CCD成像的脉冲X射线透视技术研究

从考察LI-TVsX射线成像系统常见的工作模式和CCD视频成像的基本原理出发，分析成像系统中高频逆变电源．X射线发生器，影像增强器等主要设备单元的协同工作过程．提出一种新型的CCD视频图像采集脉冲X射线成像技术方法．并介绍了此方法在具体实现中所面临的问题和应对措施。     

常规X线设备的技术进展中国国际医用仪器设备展览会巡视

影像技术的每一次进步,都与其相关设备的更新换代紧密相连,只要谈到医学影像技术的新发展,就必然涉及到相关设备的推陈出新.常规X线设备近期技术发展主要体现在主机系统的高频化、控制系统的智能化以及图像系统的数字化.实现图像数字化主要有成像板技术(IP)、平板检测技术(FPD)、CCD或CMOS技术及线扫描技术等.数字化新技术在X线摄影方面,CR在朝体积更小、速度更快、功能更多、操作更方便发展.DR在降低辐射计量、提高成像速度和分辨率及进一步拓展软件功能方面迅速发展.     

CR的正确使用

CR系统是实现X线平片数字化较成熟的设备。与传统X线摄影相比CR提高了图像质量，降低了辐射剂量，其图像后处理技术更适应现代诊断要求，真正实现了常规X线影像数字化贮存、再现及信息联网。通过实践本文从影像板、打号台及预览工作站、扫描仪、后处理工作站、激光打印机、曝光剂量与摄影体位、伪影等方面介绍了CR的正确使用方法，旨在全面提高CR正确使用水平更好地为临床服务。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.