《中华精神科杂志》1996～2000年论著引文分析

目的：分析《中华精神科杂志》1996-2000年刊载的论著及其引文，以对该刊的专业水平和刊物特色进行评估时参考。方法：用文献计量学方法，统计该刊5年刊载的273篇论著、作者、作者单位、论著合著率、引文的引文量、引文库、引文语种、引文类型、自引率、普赖斯指数、引文时间分布及半衰期。结果：（1）在273篇中，排名前10位的作者单位共发表论著158篇（57.9％），在211名第1作者中，14名发表≥3篇的作者共发表论著50篇（18.3％）。论文合著率为97.8％，平均合作度为6.6。（2）273篇论著的引文率为100.0％，总引文量2333条，平均每篇论著引文8.55条。其中期刊类与图书类引文的比例为4.23：1，中文占40.25％，外文（以英文为主）占59.75％；作者、期刊和学科自引率分别为4.84％、2.66％和58.98％；普赖斯指数为45.18％；被引文的文献峰值（0.108）为论文发表后第4年，半衰期为5.1年。结论：《中华精神科杂志》作为精神病学核心期刊，5年中各项指标在不断地提高，将在精神病学研究领域起到越来越重要的作用。     

《中华精神科杂志》1999-2004年论文被引分析研究

目的从文献引证的角度透视《中华精神科杂志》（以下简称该刊）的学术水平和期刊编辑特点。方法依据《中国生物医学期刊引文数据库》（CMCI），采用文献计量学方法对该刊1999--2004年载文被CMCI来源期刊引用的情况进行统计分析及评价。结果该刊1999--2004年共载文695篇，被CMCI来源期刊引用416篇，占发表文章总数的59．9％。被引用次数共1865次，其中单篇平均被引次数为4．48次；被引频次较高的论文数量较多；被引作者群的地域分布于25个省、自治区和直辖市，：其中北京（460次，24．7％）、上海（253次，13．6％）、江苏（226次，12．1％）在精神病学研究领域中居于前列。引用期刊种数多，有334种期刊引用该刊，自引率7．45％。结论《中华精神科杂志》所载文献质量较高，发表的论文能够反映精神病学的学科发展和最新研究动态。该刊不仅是国内精神病学研究领域最重要的信息源之一，也是国内医学领域的主要核心期刊。     

《中华流行病学杂志》2002-2004年论文引文分析

目的了解《中华流行病学杂志》引文引用规律、情报吸收能力以及中国流行病学研究领域科研人员的文献需求特征。方法采用文献计量学方法,按文章发表的时序,逐篇统计该刊2002—2004年刊载的论文所引用的参考文献。结果该刊3年内共刊载1 155篇论文,其中引文7 328条,引文率为68.05%,平均引文6.4条。主要的引文类型分别为期刊(88.06%)和图书(9.80%),期刊类与图书类引文的比例为8.98∶1;被引文献峰值为2 094篇,为论文发表后第3年和11年以上;普赖斯指数47.5(%);期刊自引率4.6%。结论《中华流行病学杂志》作为预防医学核心期刊,3年中各项指标有所提高,体现了国内流行病学研究领域的最新水平。     

《四川精神卫生》1992～1994年论文引文分析

分析１９９２～１９９４年《四川精神卫生》发表的全部论文的引文１７３７条，发现有引文的论文平均引文量为５．７条；各语种中被引率最高的为中文（６２．２％）；期刊是本学科论文的主要引文源，占７７．７％，其中中文期刊被引率最高，其次为英文期刊，两者合占７７．１％；文献发表３～５年引用率最高，占３６．２％；被引用最多的中英文期刊分别为《中华神经精神科杂志》和《ＡｍＪＰｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｙ》；该刊被引率在中文期刊中居第五位，成为本学科的中文核心期刊之一。本文就引文的平均值，语种、类型与时间分布、刊自引率与核心期刊分布进行了讨论。     

《上海精神医学》2003～2006年载文分析

目的分析《上海精神医学》2003～2006年刊载的文章及其引文,探讨该刊刊载特征。方法统计该刊4年刊载的477篇文章类型、作者、作者单位分布、280篇论著引文的引文量、引文语种、引文类型、引文时间分布。结果（1）在477篇文章中,排名前10位的作者单位共发表文章256篇（53．7％）,在356名第1作者中,24名发表≥3篇的作者。载文类型有16种。（2）280篇论著中论文合著率为97．1％,平均合作度为4．7。280篇论著的引文率为100％,总引文量2335条,平均每篇论著引文8．34条,其中外语语种（以英文为主）占61．07％;中文占38．67％;引文以期刊为主,期刊自引率为5．18％;普莱斯指数为50．45％;被引文献的文献峰值（0．109）为论文发表后第5年。结论《上海精神医学》载文类型多,论著引文语种主要为英文,文献引用具有新颖性。     

《中国临床神经外科杂志》2000～2006年引文分析

目的了解《中国临床神经外科杂志》情报吸收和利用情况，客观的揭示其文献引用规律及需求特征。方法对《中国临床神经外科杂志》2000-2006年所载论文引文的引文量、引文语种、引文类型、普赖斯指数、半衰期、自引率及核心引用期刊等方面进行统计分析。结果该刊引文率为79．63％；篇均引文量为5．73篇。主要引文类型为期刊，其中英文期刊为1009种，引文数量为5752条，占总引用频率的62．75％；中文期刊为372种，引文数量为2544条，占总引用频率的27．75％。普赖斯指数34．27％，半衰期5．25年。期刊自引398篇，自引率为4．34％。引用期刊共计1384种，被引21次以上的中文期刊16种；被引40次以上的外文期刊18种；共计34种，占总引用期刊引文量的53．28％。结论该刊栏目丰富，涉猎文献范围广，引文率呈逐年上升趋势。引文类型以期刊为主：中英文为本刊主要引用语种。     

《中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志》2003-2005年载文引文及著者分析

目的 分析《中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志》载文引文及著者特点。方法 采用文献计量学方法，对该刊2003-2005年所载论文的引文率、引文类型、普赖斯指数、自引率以及著者情况等进行分析。结果 该刊2003-2005年共载文332篇，平均引文率为91．3％，篇均引文量为8．66条；引文类型以期刊（96．1％）和专著（3．7％）为主，引文语种以英文为主（81．7％）；普赖斯指数和自引率分别为48．2％、4．84％；著者来自我国28个省、直辖市及自治区，合著率为97．0％，合作度4．47；著者论文享有基金资助者占34．0％。结论 该刊引文内容新颖，拥有水平较高而稳定的作者群，具有广泛的社会影响力，是一高质量的学术性期刊。     

《中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志》2000—2005年载文被引分析

目的分析《中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志}2000--2005年载文被引情况，以评价该杂志的学术水平和载文质量。方法利用中国知识资源总库（China national knowledge internet，CNKI）的中国引文数据库检索《中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志》20002005年所载的论文．根据文献计量学和引文分析法，对总被引频次、自引率、关联期刊、被引时差、作者群分布等方面进行分析。结果该杂志2000--2005年共载文591篇，其中243篇被242种CNKI来源期刊引用598次．单篇平均被引次数为2．46次，单篇被引最高次数为21次；载文单篇被引用5次以上者32篇（13．17％）共226次（37．79％）。载文被引用频次最多的前3位期刊分别为《中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志》、《中国临床康复》和《中华神经科杂志》，共引用103次。结论该刊载文质量较高，引证期刊较广，载文连续性和稳定性好，是水平较高的专业学术期刊。     

《中国神经精神疾病杂志》论文的引文分析及核心期刊研究

本文以《中国神经精神疾病杂志》1988～1992年发表的全部论文为统计对象,选取了附有引文的595篇论文为样本,根据文献计量学原理应用数理统计方法,以篇为单位,分别对其引文的数量、语种、类型、年代分布、半衰期、刊自引量及核心期刊分布等进行了定量的统计分析。结果表明:我国神经精神疾病学论文的平均引文量为7.71条,文献发表3～5年引用率达最大值,引文半衰期的5.8年。期刊是本学科论文的主要引文源,并以英文期刊引用率最高,其次为中文期刊,两者合计占总引文量的78.56％。按被引期刊引文条数统计,该刊在中文期刊中居第二位,为本专业的核心期刊。     

《中华神经医学杂志》载文被引分析

目的分析评价《中华神经医学杂志》的载文质量和学术水平。方法以“中国知网(CNKI)”的“中国引文数据库”为依据,运用文献计量法和引文分析法对《中华神经医学杂志》创刊以来所刊载的论文被期刊论文引用的情况进行统计分析。分析指标包括载文数、被引论文数、被引频次、被核心期刊引用量、被引年代分布及被引时差、被引作者及引证作者、引证期刊分布等。结果在杂志所有979篇刊载论文中,共有222名作者的253篇文献被国内180种期刊引用492次,被引时差平均为1.47年。共有57种核心期刊引用114次,占总被引次数的23.17%。杂志自被引126次,自被引率为25.67%。2005年期刊影响因子为0.513。计算了杂志的快引指数、被引半衰期等引文指标。结论该刊被引率较高,说明载文质量高;创刊以来被引次数逐年大幅增长,呈现出较强劲的上升势头,已经逐渐被医学界专业人员认可。高被引文献较少,尚未产生具有深远影响的文献。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.