以三叉神经痛为主要表现的桥脑小脑角胆脂瘤16例报告

目的探讨以三叉神经痛为主要表现的桥脑小脑角胆脂瘤的临床特征和治疗方法。方法回顾性总结了16例以三叉神经痛为主要表现的桥脑小脑角胆脂瘤患者的临床表现、肿瘤生长部位与大小、手术入路与技巧、结果和术后并发症等。结果肿瘤全切除9例,次全切除5例,大部分切除2例。无手术死亡病例。术后患者三叉神经痛均消失,术后并发症以暂时性颅神经功能障碍最多见,治疗后痊愈。结论胆脂瘤导致的三叉神经痛临床表现多不典型,术前确诊率较低。肿瘤切除后三叉神经痛即停止,无需特殊处理。     

神经内窥镜辅助显微手术治疗桥脑小脑角区胆脂瘤

目的:探讨神经内窥镜辅助显微手术治疗桥脑小脑角区胆脂瘤的治疗效果及应用价值。方法:应用神经内窥镜辅助显微外科手术治疗桥脑小脑角区胆脂瘤20例,均采用乙状窦后入路。结果:显微镜下手术后应用0°、30°内窥镜观察,20例均有不同程度的肿瘤残留。神经内窥镜辅助下继续行残余肿瘤切除,全切18例,次全切2例。术后无死亡及无菌性脑膜炎表现。术后3个月,随访16例患者,均恢复正常生活。结论:经乙状窦后入路的神经内窥镜辅助显微手术治疗桥脑小脑角区胆脂瘤,可提高肿瘤切除率,减少对脑干及颅神经的牵拉和对重要血管的损伤,降低手术危险性及术后并发症,提高手术疗效,缩短住院时间。     

神经内镜辅助显微手术治疗脑桥小脑角胆脂瘤

目的 探讨神经内镜辅助显微手术治疗脑桥小脑角胆脂瘤的治疗效果及技巧。方法 对21例桥小脑角胆脂瘤采取乙状窦后入路神经内镜辅助显微手术治疗。结果 显微镜下手术后应用神经内镜观察,21例均有肿瘤残留。神经内镜辅助下继续行残瘤切除,全切19例,次全切2例。无死亡及无菌性脑膜炎病例出现。18例患者随访3～36个月,均恢复正常生活。结论 在熟练掌握显微解剖结构的基础上,经乙状窦后入路神经内镜辅助显微手术治疗桥小脑角胆脂瘤,可提高肿瘤全切率,减少对脑干、各脑神经的牵拉和重要血管的损伤,有利于提高手术疗效,降低手术危险性。     

桥小脑角胆脂瘤的显微手术治疗

1．1一般资料1991年1月～2004年12月．我院收治桥小脑角（CPA）胆脂瘤65例．其中男26例．女39例：平均年龄38岁。病程2个月～15年。病变局限在CPA25例；病变同时向同侧岩尖、斜坡．经小脑幕裂孔至鞍上池、幕上、颅中窝、颞底及对侧CPA、岩斜区生长延伸40例。     

显微血管减压术后复发三叉神经痛的手术治疗

目的探讨显微血管减压术后复发三叉神经痛的手术治疗方法。方法1998年1月至2005年12月采用显微神经外科手术治疗37例显微血管减压术后复发三叉神经痛患者，30例患者行三叉神经感觉根部分切断术，单纯三叉神经显微血管减压术3例，显微血管减压术加行感觉根部分切断术4例。结果95％患者术中发现有CPA局部蛛网膜明显增厚粘连。全部患者获平均38．2个月的随访。随访期间总有效率97％。并发症：行三叉神经感觉根部分切断术者术后均有面部麻木，随访期间均见不同程度好转；术后发生听力障碍合并轻度面瘫1例，复视1例，随访期间好转；术后发生化脓性脑膜炎1例，出院时治愈；1例高龄患者术后发生小脑半球出血，量约5ml，经保守治疗后好转出院。结论CPA局部蛛网膜严重粘连是导致显微血管减压术后疼痛复发的最重要原因，二次手术时的术式选择应以三叉神经感觉根部分切断术为主。     

桥小脑角区胆脂瘤继发三叉神经痛

目的 总结桥小脑角区胆脂瘤继发三叉神经痛(trigeminal neuralgia,TN)的诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析29例桥小脑角区(cerebellopontine angle,CPA)胆脂瘤继发TN病例资料,均采用枕下乙状窦后入路切除肿瘤.结果 肿瘤全切除21例(72.41％),大部分切除8例(27.59％).发...     

经耳后小切口入路手术治疗原发性三叉神经痛

回顾分析3000例原发性三叉神经痛患者微血管减压术或三叉神经感觉支部分切断术疗效。其结果显示,临床治愈率达98.66%（2863例）、有效0.55%（16例）、无效0.45%（13例）、复发0.35%（10例）;术后并发症主要为低颅压综合征（1215例占40.50%）,以及脑水肿（42例占1.40%）、脑出血（6例占0.20%）和缺血性卒中（2例占0.07%）。微血管减压术仍是目前治疗原发性三叉神经痛有效且安全的首选手术方式,绝大多数患者术后疼痛症状可消除或缓解。     

锁孔开颅术治疗三叉神经痛型桥小脑角区胆脂瘤

目的探讨采用锁孔开颅术处理三叉神经痛型桥小脑角区胆脂瘤的临床体会。方法回顾性总结35例三叉神经痛型桥小脑角区胆脂瘤患者诊治经过,所有患者采用经枕下乙状窦后锁孔开颅技术,并将30例常规开颅术组设为对照组,对其显微外科治疗方法、疗效及并发症进行对比分析。结果锁孔组35例患者均经MR确诊,术后三叉神经痛症状均消失,其中33例术后症状立即消失,2例术后1个月内逐渐消失,肿瘤全切除25例,残留少量包膜的近全切除10例。锁孔组手术持续时间(126±48)min,而常规手术组手术持续时间(216±66)min(t=2.536,P0.05)。锁孔组术中出血量(91.3±52.2)m L,而常规组术中出血量(186.3±65.4)m L(t=2.163,P0.05)。术后面神经功能评估采用House-Brackmann分级系统,锁孔组Ⅰ级32例,Ⅱ级3例,2例合并听力下降者在术后3个月内逐渐改善,常规组Ⅰ级25例,Ⅱ级5例(χ~2=4.158,P0.05)。术后听力评估采用美国耳鼻喉头颈外科学会(AAO-HNS)分级法,锁孔组A级33例,B级2例,常规组A级27例,B级3例(χ~2=5.167,P0.05)。跟踪随访3个月至5年症状无复发,无手术死亡病例。结论经枕下乙状窦后应用锁孔开颅术治疗三叉神经痛型桥小脑角区胆脂瘤是安全有效的。     

Surgical treatment of parapontine epidermoid cysts presenting with trigeminal neuralgia

We retrospectively reviewed the management of 49 patients with parapontine epidermoid cyst presenting with trigeminal neuralgia, emphasizing the importance of fully removing the tumor to relieve the trigeminal neuralgia. Clinical symptoms, MRI, the operative approach, and post-operative results were examined. Trigeminal neuralgia was noted in all patients. The mean duration from onset of symptoms to surgery was 18 months. Total removal was achieved in 23 patients, near-total removal in 21, and subtotal removal in five patients. However, all tumor capsule that adhered to the trigeminal nerve was completely removed. After the operation, 33 patients developed facial hypoesthesia, three complained of double vision, and two developed acute hydrocephalus. At six months of follow-up, all patients had recovered and returned to their normal lives. At 2 years of follow-up, one patient experienced pain recurrence and underwent another operation. Parapontine epidermoid cysts either encase cranial nerve (CN) V but with intact arachnoid between the capsule and the nerve, or compress and distort the nerve with tumor capsule adherent or attached to the nerve surface. Resecting the tumor capsule’s attachment to CN V is critical in relieving pain, even though this method may damage the nerve.     

Action at a distance: a lumbar spine tumor presenting as trigeminal neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is often secondary to an underlying structural cause, frequently compression of the fifth nerve root by an ectatic artery. Here we describe a case of a 36-year-old woman with symptoms of TN who was found to have severe communicating hydrocephalus. Further investigation revealed a lumbar myxopapillary ependymoma, which in turn was responsible for the communicating hydrocephalus. An argument connecting these seemingly disparate findings is made. This unusual set of circumstances is an example of “action at a distance” in the nervous system, and reminds clinicians to think broadly about the various pathophysiologic mechanisms that can potentially underlie common disorders.     

显微外科手术治疗三叉神经痛169例临床研究

目的　研究显微外科手术治疗三叉神经痛 (trigeminalneuralgia ,TN)的临床治疗效果 ;分析手术效果、并发症和随访结果 ,探讨可能的治疗机制。方法　 2 0 0 0年 12月到 2 0 0 3年 10月间 ,16 9例TN患者接受了显微外科手术 ,其中 14 9患者行微血管减压 (MVD) ,12例联合行MVD和神经根切断术 ,8例行肿瘤切除术。术前、术后进行直观模拟量表 (VisualAnalogueScales ,VAS)和McGill疼痛问卷 (McGillPainQuestionnaire)评分。患者全部进行了电话或信件随访。结果　术后疼痛消失 131例 ,疼痛减轻 36例 ,疼痛无变化 2例。按照Taha等的评估标准 ,16 9例患者中 ,12 8例治疗结果优 ,2 6例良好 ,8例中等 ,5例差 ,2例失败。术前、术后VAS评分分别为 8.86和0 .4 8;术前、术后McGill疼痛问卷评分为 5 2 .5 0和 1.94。统计结果表明手术前后疼痛改变有显著性差异。手术并发症多为暂时性。本组患者随访时间 134月 ,平均随访时间为 15 .3± 6 .5月 ,随访期间有 4例复发。结论　微血管减压解除了TN的常见病因 ,术后无面部麻木 ,完全保留了三叉神经的功能 ,是一种治疗TN的安全有效的方法。运用VAS和McGill评分进行TN疼痛强度评分 ,比简单的治疗效果分类 (如治愈 ,有效和无效 )更为客观和精确。     

三叉神经痛发病机理研究

目的 研究微血管压迫引起三叉神经痛(TN)的发病机制。方法 连续分析50例TN患的临床特征、术中所见和手术疗效，包括扳机点的位置、疼痛范围、病程、血管压迫三叉神经根的部位与程度、术后疼痛缓解的进程与最终结果。结果 扳机点均位于TN的分布范围之内。随着病程延长，疼痛有转化为不典型的趋势，可出现间歇期疼痛或面部麻木。压迫血管以小脑上动脉、小脑前下动脉和动静脉同时压迫多见。压迫血管与三叉神经根之间可为接触、粘连、成角和轴性移位，压迫部位以内侧、外侧及多点压迫多见，而且压迫部位与压迫程度与TN的临床表现和手术疗效密切相关。结论 血管压迫部位决定了扳机点的位置及疼痛范围，压迫程度决定了手术疗效。血管压迫引起的神经根脱髓鞘以及由此引起的神经纤维直接接触、传导扩散和负反馈调节可能是TN的发病机制。     

Microvascular decompression for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia

Microvascular decompression (MVD) has been demonstrated to be an excellent surgical treatment approach in younger patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, it is not clear whether there are additional morbidity and mortality risks for MVD in the elderly population. We performed a systematic literature review using six electronic databases for studies that compared outcomes for MVD for TN in elderly (cut-off ⩾60, 65, 70 years) versus younger populations. Outcomes examined included success rate, deaths, strokes, thromboembolism, meningitis, cranial nerve deficits and cerebrospinal fluid leaks. There were 1524 patients in the elderly cohort and 3488 patients in the younger cohort. There was no significant difference in success rates in elderly versus younger patients (87.5% versus 84.8%; P = 0.47). However, recurrence rates were lower in the elderly (11.9% versus 15.6%; P = 0.03). The number of deaths in the elderly cohort was higher (0.9% versus 0.1%; P = 0.003). Rates of stroke (2.5% versus 1%) and thromboembolism (1.1% versus 0%) were also higher for elderly TN patients. No differences were found for rates of meningitis, cranial nerve deficits or cerebrospinal fluid leak. MVD remains an effective and reasonable strategy in the elderly population. There is evidence to suggest that rates of complications such as death, stroke, and thromboembolism may be significantly higher in the elderly population. The presented results may be useful in the decision-making process for MVD in elderly patients with TN.     

显微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛预后因素的分析

目的探讨显微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛影响预后的因素。方法经显微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛并获得完整随访资料的187例病人，用时序检验及COX回归模型分析影响预后诸因素。结果近期疗效优者164例（87．7％），良者23例（12．3％）。平均随访期7．38年，随访期间33例有不同程度的复发，中位复发时间为6个月，临床总有效率为82．4％，且复发大多在术后2年内，单因素分析表明动脉性压迫、神经存在血管压迹及减压方式与临床有效率有关，而单因素及多因素分析均显示静脉性压迫为复发的主要因素。结论神经受压程度、压迫血管的类型及不同的手术方式为影响显微血管减压术治疗三叉神经病预后的主要因素。     

Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: A critical reappraisal

The results of posterior fossa explorations for trigeminal neuralgia over the period 1980–1990 in 58 patients and in 59 procedures were studied retrospectively. In 51 procedures vascular compression was treated by microvascular decompression (MVD), In the absence of such a compression, partial sensory rhizotomy (PSR) was performed in 5 cases and only adhesiolysis of thickened arachnoidea in 2 cases. In one additional case the procedure was terminated prematurely due to the development of cerebellar edema. Two months postoperatively a good or fair result was obtained in 80% of the procedures. At long-term follow-up (mean 77.3 months, range 8–146 months), a good or fair result was maintained in 71%. There was no significant difference in outcome between the MVD group and the other procedures, or between the three groups formed according to the type of vascular compression. However, in the group of 10 patients with a history of a procedure affecting the trigeminal ganglion or nerve root the result was worse. In the group of 41 MVD patients rendered free of pain at 2 months postoperatively, 8 patients perceived a recurrence. The annual recurrence rate was calculated to be 2.6%. There was no mortality in this series but the morbidity rate was 22% including 1.7% persistent neurological deficit. Compared to the literature results of percutaneous controlled differential thermocoagulation (PCDT), the recurrence and failure rates in the present series appear to be more or less the same. As neither of the two is an unequivocally more effective treatment, we are of the opinion that the less invasive procedure should be preferred. Moreover, the possibility that thermocoagulation might negatively influence the result of a subsequent MVD in case of recurrence underlines the need for a prospective randomised trial to clarify this issue.     

136例三叉神经痛微血管减压术临床报道

目的探讨三叉神经痛微血管减压术的疗效与责任血管的解剖特点。方法通过对136例三叉神经痛患者行微血管减压手术治疗，术中观察和判定责任血管的来源、压迫三叉神经根部的位置，探讨责任血管的解剖特点及疗效。结果责任血管以小脑上动脉的外侧支的分支压迫三叉神经的上表面最常见，共80侧（58．8％）；小脑前下动脉的分支压迫三叉神经的下表面较少，共20侧（14．7％）；两支血管分别压迫三叉神经的上、下表面的有18侧（13．2％）；单纯静脉压迫三叉神经根部的有12侧（8．8％）；附近无任何血管压迫但术中发现三叉神经覆盖的蛛网膜明显增厚者6侧（4．4％）。136例病人中，术后疼痛消失134例，治愈率为98．5％，无效2例。术后随访112例，平均4．3年．102例疼痛完全消失，4例部分缓解，6例复发或无效。结论邻近血管的压迫是三叉神经痛的主要病因，微血管减压术是治疗三叉神经痛最有效的方法，其疗效取决于熟练的显微解剖知识和显微操作技巧。仔细寻找所有的责任血管并隔离确实，保护好邻近区域的神经和血管，是增加疗效、减少术后并发症的关键。