肥大细胞与真皮纤维化

在皮肤和其它某些器官的纤维化疾病以及纤维化动物模型中，常有肥大细胞数目和脱颗粒增加。肥大细胞与成纤维细胞或内皮细胞存在着相互作用。肥大细胞介质对成纤维细胞和内皮细胞活性的直接或间接影响均可有助于真皮纤维化的发生和发展。     

微晶削磨术后瘢痕组织的形态学观察

目的：建立兔耳增生性瘢痕模型并观察微晶削磨术后瘢痕组织病理学的改变。方法：通过建立兔耳腹面瘢痕模型并对其进行微晶磨削处理，肉眼观察瘢痕的形态变化及其在光镜下成纤维细胞的含量和各类型胶原纤维的变化。结果：对兔耳增生性瘢痕进行微晶磨削术后瘢痕面积明显缩小,瘢痕组织表面鳞状上皮棘细胞层细胞增生，表皮下真皮乳头层及其真皮层内成纤维细胞轻度增生，胶原纤维排列趋于整齐，Ⅰ型胶原含量减少，而Ⅲ型胶原含量明显增多。结论：微晶磨削术对于皮肤浅表性瘢痕的修复与改建具有积极的意义。     

骨髓间充质干细胞藻酸钙移植物与复合降解膜修复皮肤缺损

背景：一直以来学者们认为皮肤移植是修复大面积组织缺损最有效的方法,但都存在供体来源限制和免疫排斥反应等问题,因此,加速真皮的构建在皮肤组织工程中极为重要。 目的：观察骨髓间充质干细胞藻酸钙凝胶、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子复合缓释降解膜修复皮肤缺损的效果。 方法：新西兰大耳白兔15只,取其自体髂骨骨髓,体外分离出骨髓间充质干细胞进行培养、扩增、传代并纯化备用;制作皮肤全层缺损模型3处,随机植入自体骨髓间充质干细胞藻酸钙凝胶、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子复合降解膜(实验组),自体骨髓间充质干细胞藻酸钙凝胶(对照1组),不含骨髓间充质干细胞的藻酸钙凝胶(对照2组),术后均用羊膜覆盖创面。术后7,14,21 d取新生创面组织,进行苏木精-伊红染色、免疫组织化学染色及图像分析仪测定。 结果与结论：实验组皮下真皮组织增生明显,其成纤维细胞、血管及胶原纤维较多,特别是术后14,21 d表皮增生较快,其覆盖范围较大,术后21 d,新生表皮大多重建呈多层结构,明显优于对照1组和对照2组。由此可见,骨髓间充质干细胞藻酸钙凝胶和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子复合降解膜植入皮肤缺损局部,加速了真皮组织的再生修复,从而促进表皮的再生和重建。   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

硝普钠对^60Co照射后成纤维细胞增生的拮抗作用

在放射性肺纤维化发生中，成纤维细胞增生及胶原纤维大量产生是病变的主要特征。近年的研究证明，血管紧张素Ⅱ（ａｎｇｉｏｔｅｎｓｉｎⅡ，ＡｎｇＩ）在脏器成纤维细胞增生中具有重要作用，而内皮衍生舒张因子－ＮＯ能拮抗生长因子的促细胞增生作用。本实验探讨ＮＯ供体...     

前列腺增生组织中肥大细胞的定量、组化与电镜研究

为了揭示肥大细胞在前列腺增生过程中所起的作用 ,对 2 6例人前列腺增生组织和 6例正常前列腺组织进行了光镜与电镜研究。结果发现 :在增生组 ,肥大细胞数量远远高于对照组 ;阿尔辛蓝 -臧红组化染色 ,阿尔辛蓝阳性、臧红阳性及混合阳性的肥大细胞在对照组均可见到 ,而在前列腺增生组织中 ,肥大细胞全部为阿尔辛蓝阳性 ,且可见肥大细胞脱颗粒较多。在前列腺增生组织中 ,肥大细胞与多种细胞关系密切 ,且可见肥大细胞向微血管及腺泡中释放颗粒物质。免疫组化染色 ,可见在增生组中的腺上皮细胞、平滑肌细胞、淋巴细胞、血管内皮细胞等均有雌激素…     

正常人肺与肺鳞癌间质中肥大细胞的比较研究

用正常人肺标本7例,肺鳞状细胞癌标本25例,对其间质中的肥大细胞进行光镜与电镜观察.结果表明,肺鳞癌间质肥大细胞比正常肺组织肥大细胞明显增多(P<0.002),每0.0169mm~2中肥大细胞均数分别为4.74±1.54和2.72±0.77.用Alcian蓝一藏红染色后,正常肺肥大细胞颗粒均为Alcian蓝阳性,而肺癌者则除Alcian蓝阳性外,还有藏红阳性的颗粒.电镜观察,正常肺中肥大细胞颗粒多为卷发状,而肺鳞癌中肥大细胞颗粒则多为细颗粒状,并伴有显著脱颗粒现象.以上提示,肥大细胞表型的变化与微环境有关,在肺癌中肥大细胞增多的同时,出现表型的变化,可能与抗肿瘤机制有关.     

大鼠不同部位疏松结缔组织撕片的制备和观察

目的　对比大鼠皮下取材和肠系膜取材制备疏松结缔组织撕片的差异;观察同一部位取材的疏松结缔组织HE染色和醛复红-亮绿-橘黄G染色差异;分析不同部位取材的疏松结缔组织两种染色方法的结果差异。 方法　Wistar大鼠腹腔注射10 g/L苔盼蓝生理盐水溶液2.5 ml,1次/d,连续3 d,分别在皮下、肠系膜取疏松结缔组织,铺片。两个部位的铺片分别采用HE染色、醛复红-亮绿-橘黄G染色。 结果　皮下取材疏松结缔组织经HE染色可见大量成纤维细胞,肥大细胞明显,巨噬细胞可见,弹性纤维和胶原纤维可见,但不明显;皮下取材疏松结缔组织经醛复红-亮绿-橘黄G染色弹性纤维呈紫红色、胶原纤维呈橙色,细胞不易着色;肠系膜取材疏松结缔组织经HE染色,可见成纤维细胞、肥大细胞、巨噬细胞明显,弹性纤维呈蓝紫色、胶原纤维呈淡红色;肠系膜取材疏松结缔组织经醛复红-亮绿-橘黄G染色,弹性纤维被染成紫红色、胶原纤维染成鲜艳的绿色,肥大细胞被染成紫红色,核呈圆或椭圆形、棕黄色,巨噬细胞清晰可见、形态不规则,胞质中可见粗大呈蓝紫色的苔盼蓝颗粒,细胞核呈圆形、棕黄色;成纤维细胞胞质无着色,核呈棕黄色。 结论　大鼠肠系膜取材制备的疏松结缔组织撕片经醛复红-亮绿-橘黄G染色能够更好的显示各种类型细胞和纤维,各结构间对比明显。     

波形蛋白与DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅱ在病理性瘢痕中的表达及意义

目的:比较波形蛋白及DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅱα(TopoⅡα)、β(TopoⅡβ)在病理性瘢痕、成熟瘢痕和正常皮肤中的表达情况,探讨它们与成纤维细胞生物学特征的关系及在瘢痕形成中的作用.方法:应用免疫组织化学检测病理性瘢痕、成熟瘢痕和正常皮肤各10例,了解其中波形蛋白、TopoⅡα、β的表达水平,测定光密度值,并分析其相关性.结果:波形蛋白在病理性瘢痕和成熟瘢痕真皮层大量表达;TopoⅡα蛋白在病理性瘢痕表皮基底层表达明显低于正常皮肤和成熟瘢痕,但是在真皮层血管周围有阳性表达;TopoⅡβ蛋白在病理性瘢痕表皮层表达明显低于正常皮肤和成熟瘢痕,但是在真皮层胶原纤维增生区域大量表达.各组光密度值差异有统计学意义.结论:TopoⅡα、β在病理性瘢痕真皮层表达增强,与波形蛋白的表达一致,提示其可能与病理性瘢痕的形成有关.     

RhoA/ROCK-I信号通路与增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞结缔组织生长因子的表达

背景:前期实验表明增生性瘢痕中RhoA和ROCK-I基因表达较正常皮肤高,提示RhoA/ROCK-I信号通路可能参与了增生性瘢痕的发生,但其在病理性瘢痕中的作用尚不清楚。目的:研究RhoA/ROCK-I信号通路在增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞结缔组织生长因子(connective tissue growth factor,CTGF)表达调控中的作用。方法:分离培养人增生性瘢痕组织来源的成纤维细胞,应用转化生长因子β1及Rho激酶的特异抑制剂Y-27632对细胞进行干预实验。采用实时荧光定量PCR及免疫荧光细胞化学方法检测瘢痕成纤维细胞中RhoA,ROCK-I及CTGF mRNA与蛋白的表达。结果与结论:给予转化生长因子β1后,增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞中RhoA,ROCK-I及CTGF mRNA与蛋白表达明显增多(P0.01);而Y-27632能阻碍转化生长因子β1的作用;但单独给予Y-27632并不引起瘢痕成纤维细胞中RhoA,ROCK-I及CTGF的mRNA与蛋白表达改变。说明转化生长因子β1可通过RhoA/ROCK-I信号通路调控CTGF mRNA与蛋白的表达,即RhoA/ROCK-I信号通路参与了瘢痕成纤维细胞CTGF的表达调控,阻断RhoA下游通路是增生性瘢痕治疗靶点之一。     

肺癌间质中肥大细胞与淋巴细胞浸润的光镜及电镜研究

对80例肺癌间质中的肥大细胞与淋巴细胞进行了光镜与电镜观察。结果发现:仅鳞癌间质中肥大细胞数量比正常肺组织增多。在各型肺癌中,有淋巴细胞高度浸润并形成淋巴小结者,肥大细胞均增多,并可见肥大细胞脱颗粒及淋巴细胞结合癌细胞现象。提示:肥大细胞与淋巴细胞在抗肿瘤生长的防御机制中有协同作用。     

ALTERATIONS IN MAST CELL PROTEINASES AND PROTEASE INHIBITORS IN THE PROGRESS OF CUTANEOUS HERPES ZOSTER INFECTION

The possible involvement of mast cell proteases in the cutaneous inflammation of herpes zoster was studied histochemically in ten patients. Mast cell tryptase and chymase bioactivities were demonstrated enzyme-histochemically. The localization of protease inhibitors as well as tryptase and chymase proteins in mast cells was established using a sequential double-staining method which first demonstrated bioactive tryptase or chymase, followed by immunohistochemical identification of these antigens. Biopsies were taken from involved vesicular and erythematous skin, as well as from normal healthy-looking skin. Tryptase-bioactive mast cells were significantly lower in number in the upper, but not in the deeper dermis of vesicular skin (68±37 cells/mmmean±SD) when compared with either healthy-looking (97±38) or erythematous skin (105±36) ( t -test, P <0·005). In contrast, chymase-bioactive mast cells were significantly reduced in number both in erythematous skin (44±20, P <0·02) and even more so in vesicular skin (26±20, P <0·0005) when compared with healthy-looking skin (64±27). The percentage of α₁-antitrypsin-immunoreactive and α₁-antichymotrypsin-immunoreactive mast cells in the upper dermis increased steadily from the values in healthy-looking skin (37·9±18·8 and 82·5±21·6 per cent) to those in erythematous (64·4±16·4 and 93·5±7·9 per cent) and vesicular skin (75·2±10·2 and 96·4±4 per cent). A novel finding was that cells showing tryptase immunoreactivity but no enzyme activity were found in two out of nine erythematous skin specimens and in four out of seven vesicular specimens. In healthy-looking skin, all cells with chymase immunoreactivity also displayed chymase bioactivity, but only 53·2±24·25 per cent of these mast cells in erythematous lesions and 44·4±15·9 per cent in vesicular lesions showed chymase bioactivity, suggesting inactivation of chymase by protease inhibitors. These results show prominent alterations in mast cell proteinases and protease inhibitors, indicating that these enzymes participate in the cutaneous inflammation due to herpes zoster.     

正常大鼠皮肤肥大细胞形态学观察及所含生物活性介质的测定

用体重 2 0 0克左右的正常大鼠 2 0只 ,在腰背部两侧对称部位取皮肤标本 ,制常规组织切片 ,相邻切片分别用琉董及阿尔新兰染色 ,光镜下观察细胞形态及分布 ,用图象分析仪测量细胞着色面积和胞浆内颗粒所含活性介质相对含量。结果 :肥大细胞是三层分布 ,浅筋膜分布最多。定量分析提示肥大细胞中肝素含量大于组织胺含量。     

Age related changes in the dermal mast cells and the associated changes in the dermal collagen and cells: A histological and electron microscopy study

Mast cells are widely distributed bone marrow cells. They have a crucial role in the dermal aging process. The aim of the present study was to describe the biochemical and the histological changes that occur in the aged dermal mast cells and to demonstrate the associated changes in the dermal cells and fibers as well. Sixteen male albino rats were used and divided into two groups; the control group (8–10 weeks) and the aged group (20–22 weeks). The rats were decapitated then processed for further biochemical and histological studies. The mean area fraction for collagen fibers was measured. In the aged group, there was a significant increase in the skin histamine and heparin levels if compared with the control one. Furthermore, there was an apparent increase in intact and degranulated dermal mast cells if compared with the control one. The dermal collagen bundles were apparently decreased and appeared distorted with wide spacing. Additionally, there were apparently large sized eosinophils with more cytoplasmic granules. Direct contact between mast, fibroblast, and macrophage cells was noticed. The average area fraction of collagen fibers was significantly increased in the aged group if compared with the control one. It could be concluded that the secretory activity of dermal mast cells was significantly increased in the aged skin group. Also, this study demonstrated the implicated role of mast cell in aged skin changes. Further long-term studies are needed to validate the prophylactic or therapeutic potential by intentional hindering of mast cell degranulation in aged skin.     

肥大细胞在食管癌的特征—组织化学与电镜的观察

对１８例食管癌的肥大细胞进行了组织化学与电镜下的观察，发现在癌组织边缘，癌组织内血管附近结缔组织中及癌旁组织的上皮下与粘膜下层都出现了大量肥大细胞。这些肥大细胞在Ａｌｃｉａｎ蓝，藏红染色，其颗粒主要为Ａｌｃｉａｎ蓝阳性。在显示肝素的硫酸小檗碱荧光反应，在癌组织及旁组织的肥大细胞大多都是阴性。有极少数的癌旁组织的肥大细胞呈黄色荧光反应。电镜下，肥大细胞颗料中具有Ｔ肥大细胞特征的多个涡卷状结构。有些肥     

大鼠胸腺实质中的肥大细胞—异染性,嗜银性,粘多糖和酶组织化学的研究

从异染，嗜银性，粘多糖和酶组织化学方面探讨了大鼠胸腺实质中的肥大细胞的异质性。结果表明；肥大细胞分布于皮，髓交界区或散在于皮质和髓质中。甲苯胺蓝染色和多糖组织化示；至少存在两种类型的肥大细胞，结缔组织在细胞和粘膜大细胞。在酶组织化学方面其也存在着异质性，尤其发现肥大细胞内含有ＡｃｈＥ阳性反应颗粒存在。此外，还发现肥大伴随ＡｃｈＥ阳性神经纤维分布，两者紧密接触，互相联接。     

妇女妊娠期及分娩前后宫颈的超微结构研究

透射电镜观察证明,分娩前后人宫颈组织内出现以胶原纤维溶解和重建为主要特征的适应性改建过程.平滑肌细胞,成纤维细胞,巨噬细胞,中性白细胞及肥大细胞等多种细胞成分参与这一改建过程.它们既参与胶原纤维的溶解和吸收,又参与重新形成.文内还讨论了这些细胞之间的相互作用及调控它们形态与功能状态的因素.     

不同年龄人牙龈肥大细胞的组织化学和电镜研究

取４０例临床下沉的人牙龈组织，按年龄不同分为２－１６岁，１７－６０岁，６１－６５岁三组，对每组肥大细胞进行光镜与电镜观察，结果发现：随着年龄增长，肥大细胞数量表现为由少到多，又由多到少的变化：Ａｌｃｉａｎ蓝－藏红组化染色后，三组均以蓝染的肥大细胞为主 ，呈红蓝混合色的肥细胞亦随年龄增长出现由少到多，又由多到少的变化；临界电解质浓度的测定结果显示，三组均较高，但随年龄增长仍有增高趋势；电镜下多数肥大     

Human mast cells express stem cell factor

Stem cell factor (SCF) is a major cytokine regulator of mast cell growth and function. The present study demonstrates that human mast cells are able to produce SCF. Constitutive synthesis of SCF mRNA was seen in the mast cells isolated from human lung and skin by RT-PCR. This was confirmed by in situ hybridization in conjunctival mast cells of both tryptase-only (MC_T) and tryptase/chymase (MC_TC) subsets. SCF protein product was found in conjunctival MC_T and MC_TC mast cells by immunohistochemistry. Soluble SCF protein was detected in the culture supernatant of isolated lung mast cells by ELISA, and cross-linkage of IgE receptor (Fcε–RI) on the lung mast cells in culture did not alter SCF mRNA expression, or the secreted soluble SCF protein. This was consistent with the finding that levels of SCF mRNA expression in conjunctival mast cells were similar between normal subjects and patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC). This study shows that human mast cells themselves are a cellular source of SCF, as well as being target cells for this growth factor. SCF may regulate mast cell growth and function via both paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. The production of SCF by mast cells may be regulated via mechanisms other than IgE receptor-mediated pathways. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Expression of the c-kit gene product in normal and neoplastic mast cells but not in neoplastic basophil/mast cell precursors from chronic myelogenous leukaemia

The expression of the c-kit gene product has been examined in normal mast cells, mast cell neoplasms, and basophil/mast cell precursors obtained from patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections or smears fixed with formalin vapour were studied by immunohistochemical methods, using a polyclonal antibody against the c-kit gene product. Normal and neoplastic mast cells showed a positive immunoreaction for c-kit gene product, but neoplastic basophil/mast cell precursors from CML patients lacked c-kit gene product by immunohistochemical and flow cytometric methods, even in cells having mast cell granules, together with or without basophil granules. Mast cell tryptase was, however, expressed in normal and neoplastic mast cells and basophil/mast cell precursors containing mast cell granules. In addition, cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage lacked c-kit gene product. These findings indicate that the c-kit gene product may play an important role in the development and function of mast cell but not of cell of basophil and monocyte/macrophage lineage.