抑胶素对大鼠脑胶质瘤增殖细胞核抗原表达的影响

目的 研究抑胶素对大鼠脑胶质瘤增殖细胞核抗原的影响.方法 采用鼠脑立体定向的方法建立大鼠脑胶质瘤动物模型并进行分组:抑胶素不同浓度实验组(Ⅰ:8 μg/kg;Ⅱ:16 μg/kg;Ⅲ:32 μg/kg;Ⅳ:64 μg/kg)、对照组,于治疗14 d后计算瘤体变化,应用免疫组化方法检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达,观察瘤细胞增殖变化情况.结果 抑胶素Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组对C6脑胶质瘤细胞有显著抑制作用,其瘤体积及抑瘤率与对照组比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);抑胶素能够使胶质瘤PCNA指数下降,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组PCNA指数(%)与对照组相比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 抑胶素能够抑制大鼠脑胶质瘤体内生长.其机制之一可能与胶质瘤内PCNA表达,使肿瘤细胞增殖水平下降有关.     

细胞凋亡与细胞增殖在人肝细胞癌中的表达和意义

目的：为了解人肝细胞癌中细胞凋的形态与分布规律，探索细胞凋亡标记率和增殖标记率与肝细胞癌组织学分级的关系。方法：对21例人肝细胞癌和17例慢性肝病分别作TUNEL标记和PCNA免疫组化检测，采用图像细胞仪作阳性细胞计数。结果：(1)细胞核染色质浓缩、边聚、胞浆嗜酸性变及核周空晕与TUNEL标记有极好的相关性：(2)凋亡细胞多呈弥散分布，以癌坏死区周围多见，包膜浸润处少见；(3)增殖细胞和凋亡细胞率与肝癌组织学分级呈正相关，Ⅲ级组肝细胞癌中增殖细胞率为278±6．4高于Ⅱ级组141±35(P<0．01)，又高于Ⅰ级组7．4±0．8(P<0.001)，Ⅲ级组肝细胞癌中凋亡细胞率为21±0．97高于Ⅱ级组0.92±O.26(P<0.05)，又高于Ⅰ级组0．45±0.08(P<0．001)(4)包膜浸润和门脉癌栓组凋亡细胞率和增殖细胞率均高于无包膜浸润和门脉癌检组结论：本研究提示细胞凋亡和细胞增殖与肝细胞癌组织学分级、包膜浸润和门脉癌检密切相关。     

整合素β1在脑神经胶质瘤的表达及其与Ki-67的关系

目的探讨整合素β1及Ki-67抗原在神经胶质瘤细胞增殖、侵袭中的作用,以便为临床判断神经胶质瘤的恶性程度、选择治疗措施及评价预后提供依据。方法采用免疫组化法检测5例正常脑组织及40例不同级别神经胶质瘤中整合素β1的表达情况,分析其病理指数(PI)及其与Ki-67表达的关系。结果正常脑组织中整合素β1及Ki-67抗原均不表达。在脑神经胶质瘤中整合素β1表达于瘤细胞的胞质、胞膜及肿瘤血管的内皮细胞,且主要表达于肿瘤侵袭边缘的瘤细胞及血管基底膜的内皮细胞,其表达是在细胞质、胞膜及肿瘤血管的内皮细胞出现棕色或棕黄色染色;在脑神经胶质瘤中Ki-67表达于瘤细胞的胞核,其表达是在胞核出现棕色或棕黄色染色。在Ⅰ、Ⅱ级神经胶质瘤标本23例中阳性3例、弱阳6例,阳性表达率为39.13%(9/23),PI值为6.52±7.42,在Ⅲ、Ⅳ级神经胶质瘤标本17例中强阳性3例、阳性7例、弱阳4例,阳性表达率为82.35%(14/17),PI值为26.41±25.12,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级与Ⅲ、Ⅳ级间差异显著(P<0.05)。在神经胶质瘤中的Ki-67 LI范围为2%～30%,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级与Ⅲ、Ⅳ级神经胶质瘤的Ki-67 LI分别为12.09%±8.10%及19.12%±8.89%,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级与Ⅲ、Ⅳ级间差异显著(P<0.05)。经直线相关分析,整合素β1与Ki-67抗原的阳性细胞表达率呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论整合素β1及Ki-67抗原的表达在Ⅰ、Ⅱ级神经胶质瘤组明显低于Ⅲ、Ⅳ级,与神经胶质瘤增殖及侵袭性呈正相关,可作为判断神经胶质瘤病理分级的重要指标。     

膀胱移行细胞癌中细胞凋亡、P27及PCNA的表达

为探讨细胞凋亡、P^27及增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）表达与膀胱移行细胞癌（简称膀胱癌）分级、分期及预后的关系，采用DNA末端标记法（TUNEL）和免疫组化法检测53例份膀胱癌组织中细胞凋亡指数（AI）、P^27标记指数（P^27LI)、PCNA标记指数（PCNALI）。结果显示，AI、P^27LI与PCNALI在膀胱癌不同分级之间差异有显著性，PCNALI在膀胱癌不同分期之间差异有显著性，而AI与P^27LI在T2、T3间差异有显著性，P均＜0.05。在复发的膀胱癌中AI、PCNALI显著高于未复发者，P^27LI显著低于未复发者。表明AI、P^27LI、PCNALI可作为评估膀胱癌恶性程度及预后的指标。     

解旋酶RECQ1和细胞核相关抗原Ki-67在脑胶质瘤组织中的表达及相关性

目的分析解旋酶RECQ1和细胞核相关抗原Ki-67在脑胶质瘤组织中的表达及其相关性。方法选取该院神经外科收治的脑胶质瘤手术治疗患者80例,根据病理学分级分为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级44例,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级36例,另外选取正常脑组织20例,利用免疫组化法检测RECQ1、Ki-67的表达情况,计算RECQ1、Ki-67表达的相关性。结果 1RECQ1、Ki-67在正常脑组织中表达呈阴性,在胶质瘤组织表达呈阳性;RECQ1、Ki-67在Ⅰ~Ⅱ级胶质瘤组织中多为低表达,在Ⅲ~Ⅳ级胶质瘤组织中多为高表达;2RECQ1在正常脑组织中无表达,Ⅰ~Ⅱ级胶质瘤组织RECQ1表达率与Ⅲ~Ⅳ级胶质瘤组织比较明显降低(P0.05);3Ki-67在正常脑组织组织中无表达,Ⅰ~Ⅱ级胶质瘤组织RECQ1表达率为75%,与Ⅲ~Ⅳ级胶质瘤组织比较明显降低(P0.05);4胶质瘤组织中RECQ1和Ki-67表达均为阳性的有57例(71.3%),均为阴性的有14例(17.5%)。RECQ1阳性但Ki-67阴性的有4例(5%),RECQ1阴性但Ki-67阳性的有5例(6.2%),RECQ1和Ki-67表达呈正相关(r=0.768,P0.01)。结论 RECQ1和Ki-67的表达随着脑胶质瘤组织恶性程度的增高而升高,且两者正相关。     

老年充血性心力衰竭患者生长激素轴的变化

目的 探讨慢性充血性心力衰竭(心衰)患者生长激素(GH)轴相互关系的变化和获得性生长激素抵抗的发生机制。方法 心衰患者95例,按NYHA心功能分级标准分为Ⅱ级28例,Ⅲ级36例,Ⅳ级31例。健康对照组30例。抽取静脉血检测GH、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、胰岛素样结合蛋白3(IGFBP-3),以log(IGF-1/GH)作为生长激素敏感性的观察指标。结果 心功能Ⅳ级组与对照组的GH分别为(5.83±1.41)和(1.56±0.97)mIU/L,2组比较,P<0.001;心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ级组与对照组差异无显著性。IGF-1在对照组、心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ级组分别为(13±78)、(99±45)、(67±34)和(49±23)μg/L,心功能Ⅳ级组分别与对照组、心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ级组比较,均为P相似文献   

脑胶质瘤组织中MCM5、Ki-67的表达及临床意义

目的探讨微小染色体维持蛋白5（MCM5）、细胞增殖相关核蛋白（Ki-67）在脑胶质瘤发生、发展中的意义。方法选择手术切除的脑胶质瘤组织44份（肿瘤组）和正常脑组织6份（正常组）,采用免疫组化法检测两组MCM5、Ki-67表达情况[以标记指数（LI）表示],用Spearman等级相关分析法分析两指标问及与肿瘤组临床病理特征的相关性。结果肿瘤组、正常组MCM5的LI分别为12．964-8．49、0,P〈0．05;Ki-67的u分别为10．09±7．07、0,P〈0．0．5。MCM5、Ki-67阳性表达与脑胶质瘤恶性程度密切相关;MCM5与Ki-67表达呈正相关,在不同分级肿瘤中MCM5表达均显著高于Ki-67。结论MCM5、Ki-67高表达在脑胶质瘤发生、发展中起重要作用;MCM5反映肿瘤细胞的增殖状态更为灵敏。     

人脑胶质瘤组织中EGFR、MMP-9、Ki-67的表达与肿瘤病理分级的关系

目的探讨人脑胶质瘤组织中EGFR、MMP-9、K i-67的表达与肿瘤病理分级的关系。方法取102例脑胶质瘤患者的胶质瘤组织标本,病理分级Ⅰ级7例,Ⅱ级49例,Ⅲ级27例,Ⅳ级19例。采用免疫组化方法检测其中的EGFR、MMP-9、K i-67。结果本组62例（60.78%）EGFR阳性,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级瘤组织中EGFR阳性表达率分别为28.3%（2/7）、40.8%（20/49）、81.5%（22/27）、94.7%（18/19）,EGFR阳性表达率与胶质瘤病理级别呈正相关（r=0.48,P〈0.01）。本组66例（64.71%）MMP-9阳性表达,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级瘤组织中EGFR阳性表达率分别为28.3%（2/7）、85.2%（23/49）、85.2%（23/27）、94.7%（18/19）,脑胶质瘤中MMP-9表达与病理级别呈正相关（r=0.46,P〈0.01）。本组均可见K i-67的表达,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级瘤组织的K i-67表达量分别为9.00±1.00、14.20±1.30、41.80±2.38、56.20±1.31,脑胶质瘤PI与病理分级有关（F=1.00,P〈0.01）。胶质瘤组织中EGFR表达与MMP-9、K i-67表达均呈正相关（r分别为0.75、0.98,P均〈0.01）。结论 人脑胶质瘤组织中的EGFR、MMP-9、K i-67与肿瘤病理分级均有关。     

介入治疗对兔VX2肝癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的研究介入治疗对肿瘤细胞凋亡和增殖的影响.方法建立兔VX2肝癌的动物模型,将实验动物分为介入组和对照组,用TUNEL法观察肿瘤细胞凋亡情况,采用原位杂交和免疫组化法检测凋亡和增殖相关基因bcl-2、bax及PCNA的表达情况.结果(1)介入组凋亡指数明显高于对照组,两组的细胞凋亡率分别为62.6 ±32.21%和21.4±10.43%(P＜0.05);介入组PCNA为38.80±15.73%,对照组为68.54±24.43%,前者显著低于后者(P＜0.05);(2)介入组bcl-2表达率为10.34±6.66%,显著低于对照组的24.5±11.53%(P＜0.05),而介入组bax的表达率为58.27±38.33%,显著高于对照组的32.13±23.76%(P＜0.05).bcl-2和bax基因mRNA表达与蛋白的表达相一致.结论抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和诱导其凋亡是介入治疗肝癌的重要机制之一.     

胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ,脑钠尿肽与心功能分级关系

目的研究心力衰竭患者血浆胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)、脑钠尿肽(BNP)水平及其与心功能(NYHA)分级、心脏超声特征之间的关系.方法心力衰竭患者78例,健康对照组18例.使用美国博适-Triage干式快速定量心力衰竭/心肌梗死诊断仪定量快速(15 min)检测全血中BNP含量.用ELISA法检测血清中IGF-Ⅰ水平.并测量左心室收缩末期内径(LVESd)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)及左心室射血分数(LVEF).结果对照组、心功能Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ级组BNP值分别为41.3±11.4,156.3±15.1,338.4±23.4,596.4±33.2,972.4±25.4 ng/L,随着心功能分级加重,BNP呈上升趋势,呈正相关.LVEF分别为0.65±0.09,0.62±0.09,0.60±0.08,0.58±0.11,0.35±0.10,与BNP值呈负相关(r=-0.90,P＜0.05).IGF-Ⅰ值分别为166.7±62.5,158.2±55.3,203.5±63.7,240.7±67.3,107.8±66.4μg/L.心功能Ⅱ级与Ⅰ级,Ⅲ级比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);而心功能Ⅳ级患者的IGF-Ⅰ水平降低,差异非常显著(P＜0.01).相关性分析显示IGF-Ⅰ值与LVP-WT呈正相关(r=0.75,P＜0.05).结论左室功能不全的患者BNP值升高并与NYHA分级相关,可作为诊断心力衰竭的指标,心功能Ⅱ,Ⅲ级者IGF-Ⅰ水平明显上升,但Ⅳ级者明显降低,如结合BNP浓度可对心力衰竭的预后作出评价.IGF-Ⅰ水平与左室后壁厚度呈正相关,在心功能Ⅳ级组IGF-Ⅰ水平、室壁厚度及EF值均明显降低,提示IGF-Ⅰ水平可能与心室重构有关.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.