缺氧时肺动脉平滑肌细胞血红素氧合酶/一氧化碳系统的变化及其对Ⅰ型胶原的影响

目的 :研究缺氧时大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞 (PASMC)诱导型血红素氧合酶 (HO 1 ) /一氧化碳 (CO)系统的变化及其对胶原合成的影响 ,探讨血红素氧合酶 /一氧化碳 (HO/CO)系统对缺氧性肺血管重建中胶原代谢的作用及其机制。方法 :原代培养的大鼠PASMC ,用分光光度计检测PASMC培养液中CO相对含量的变化 ,Westernblot检测PASMCHO 1和转化生长因子 β3 (TGF β3 )表达的变化 ,用免疫细胞化学法分别观察PASMCHO 1、TGF β3 、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达的变化 ,原位杂交法检测Ⅰ型前胶原mRNA表达的变化。结果 :缺氧 2 4h诱导PASMC表达TGF β3 、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和mRNA ,与对照组比较缺氧使HO 1蛋白表达增加 6 7.4 5 % (P <0 .0 1 )、CO含量增加35 .4 1 % (P <0 .0 5 )。ZnPP(HO 1抑制剂 )使缺氧 2 4h大鼠PASMC的CO含量降低 7.88% (P <0 .0 1 )、HO 1蛋白表达减少 2 3.9% (P <0 .0 5 )、TGF β3 蛋白表达增高 393% (P <0 .0 1 )、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和mRNA表达均增加。Hemin(HO 1诱导剂 )使缺氧 2 4h大鼠PASMC的CO含量增加 8.83% (P <0 .0 1 )、HO 1表达增高 1 0 5 % (P <0 .0 5 )、TGF β3 蛋白表达降低 6 8.1 2 % (P <0 .0 1 ) ,Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和mRNA表达均减少。结论 :缺氧刺激下大鼠PASMCHO/CO系统上调 ,内源性CO能够抑制Ⅰ型胶原     

Induction of the Expression of Heme Oxygenase Gene in PC12 Cells by Hypoxia

Heme oxygenase( HO) has attracted increas-ing attention in neuroscience because of its role ofcytoprotection in the central nervous system( CNS) following different stressful conditions,in-cluding cerebral ischemia and hypoxia[1] . Hemeoxygenase- 1 ( HO- 1 ) ,an inducible form of HO,catalyzes the degradation of heme to biliverdin andcarbon monoxide( CO) ,the former having power-ful anti- oxidant effect,and the later being an vas-cular relaxing factor.But until now no systemicstudy has been…     

内源性NO对低氧下大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的 探讨内源性一氧化氮(NO)对低氧下离体肺动脉平滑肌细胞( PASMCs)增殖的影响.方法 原代培养Wistar大鼠PASMCs,分常氧组(21％O2,5％CO2)和低氧组(1％ O2,94％N2,5％ CO2)进行培养,分别应用非选择性一氧化氮合酶抑制剂NG-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NG-nitro-arginine methyl ester,L- NAME)进行干预,用细胞计数和四甲基偶氮唑蓝比色法(MTT)检测细胞增殖水平.结果 低氧下的肺动脉平滑肌细胞2天后明显增殖,与常氧组相比有显著性差异(P＜0.01),5天后细胞数达到峰值.L - NAME低氧干预组细胞增殖水平明显高于低氧组和常氧组(P＜0.01).结论 L-NAME抑制内源性NO的产生进而促进低氧诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖.     

原代大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞的提取和鉴定以及缺氧对其增殖的影响

目的提取SD大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞（PASMCs）并原代培养,为研究肺血管疾病提供体外模型,研究缺氧对大鼠PASMCs增殖的影响。方法组织贴壁法分离大鼠PASMCs,光镜观察细胞形态、透射电镜、α肌动蛋白（α-SM-actin）细胞免疫化学和细胞免疫荧光法进行鉴定。原代培养的PASMCs分别于常氧和/或低氧下培养2、6、12、24及48 h,用四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）比色法和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）细胞免疫化学法检测细胞增殖情况。结果光镜下PASMCs细胞为长梭形,呈典型的＂峰-谷＂状结构。免疫学检测显示胞浆被染成棕黄色,阳性率达96%以上。透射电镜下细胞呈长梭形,胞浆内有密斑、密体和大量肌丝,细胞器较少。MTT检测结果示各时间点缺氧组PASMCs吸光度（A值）均高于相对应的常氧组;与常氧组比较,低氧组A值在12 h时开始增加（P〈0.05）,24 h时增加最显著（P〈0.01）。与缺氧2 h组比较,A值在缺氧12 h开始增高（P〈0.05）,缺氧24 h增高最显著（P〈0.01）,而缺氧48 h与缺氧24 h基本一致。PCNA免疫学结果与MTT结果基本一致。结论用组织块贴壁法提取PASMCs,简单易行,且能得到纯度高、稳定生长的PASMCs。缺氧可以促进PASMCs的增殖。     

The Role of Endogenous Carbon Monoxide in the Hypoxic Vascular Remodeling of Rat Model of Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension

Itisknownthatpulmonaryvascularremodelingisthekeymechanisminthedevelopmentofchronicpulmonaryhypertension ,whichischaracterizedbythethicknessofthemediacausedbytheproliferationofsmoothmusclecellsandthemusculizationoftheintra acinarpulmonaryarteries[1] .Hemeoxygenase(HO)catalyzesthebreakdownofhemeintocarbonmonoxide (CO ) ,biliverdinandironinmammals .TherearetwoisoformsofHO ,HO 1andHO 2 [2 ] .HO 1istheinducibleisoformwhichcanbeinducedbyhyoxia ,shockandotherstresssettingsand pro duceCO .Itwasr…     

Effects of calcium-activated chloride channels on proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in rats under chronic hypoxic condition

Objective: To investigate the effects of calcium-activated chloride (C1Ca) channels on proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMCs) in rats under chronic hypoxic condition. Methods:The cultured PASMCs were placed under normoxic and chronic hypoxic conditions:The cells were observed by light and electron microscope; The cell cycles were observed by flow-cytometry; Immunocytochemistry staining was used to detect the expressions of PCNA, c-los and c-jun of PASMCs; Cytoplasmic free Ca2 con-centration ([Ca2 ]) in PASMCs was investigated by fluorescent quantitation using fluorospectrophotometer. Results:The PASMCs were contractile phenotype under normoxic conditions. Observation by transmission electron microscope: In kytoplasm of contractile phenotype cells, myofilament bundles were abundant and the content of cell organs such as Golgi's bodies were rare. The PASMCs were synthetic phenotype under chronic hypoxic condition. There were inereased free ribosomes, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulums, highly developed Golgi complexes, decreased or disappeared thick filaments and dense body in kytoplasm of synthetic phenotype cells. After NFA and IAA-94, the situations were reversed The number of S4,GzM PASMCs were significantly increased in chronic hypoxic condition; The NFA and IAA-94 were shown to significantly decrease them from (28.6±1.0)% to (16.0±1.6)% and the number of G0G1 PASMCs significantly increased from (71.4 ±1.9)% to (83.9±1.6)% (P＜ 0.01). In chronic hypoxic conditions, the expression of proliferating cell nucleus antigen was significantly increased; The NFA and IAA-94 were shown to significantly decrease it from (81±6)% to (27±7)%(P＜0.01). The expression of c-los and c-jun were significantly increased in-chronic hypoxic conditions; The NFA and IAA-94 were shown to significantly decrease them from 0.15 ± 0.02, 0.32 ± 0.05 to 0.05 ± 0.01, 0.12±0.05, respectively (P＜ 0.01); Under chronic hypoxic conditions, [Ca2 ]. Was increased; The NFA and IAA-94 decreased it from (281.8±16.5)nmol/L to (117.7±15.4)nmol/L(P＜0.01). Conclusion:Hypoxia initiated the change of PASMCs from contractile to synthetic phenotype and increased proliferation of PASMCs. NFA and IAA-94 depressed cell proliferation by blocking C1Ca channels in hypoxic condition. These may play an important role in proliferation of PASMCs under chronic hypoxic conditions.     

不同低氧环境对大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的 探讨不同低氧环境对大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells,PASMCs)增殖活性的影响.方法 将原代培养的大鼠PASMCs分为常氧组(21% O2,5% CO2)、低氧组(10% O2,85% N2,5% CO2)、缺氧组(1% O2,94% N2,5%...     

衰老和缺氧对培养大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨衰老及缺氧对体外培养的肺动脉平滑肌(PASMCs)增殖的影响。方法将细胞分为年轻常氧组、老年常氧组、年轻缺氧组、老年缺氧组,应用MTT比色法、3H-TdR掺入法、流式细胞术、免疫组化方法检查细胞的增殖情况。结果同年轻组比较,老年组PASMCs的生长曲线明显抬高,3H-TdR掺入明显增加,进入有丝分裂期的细胞比例明显增加,总蛋白量减少,增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)增加;同常氧组比较,缺氧组PASMCs的生长曲线明显抬高,3H-TdR掺入先受抑制,后明显增加,进入有丝分裂期的细胞比例明显增加,总蛋白量减少,PCNA增加。结论衰老和缺氧部能直接刺激平滑肌细胞的增殖,衰老的平滑肌细胞受缺氧刺激增殖最为明显。     

慢性低氧钙激活氯通道在大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖中的作用

目的探讨慢性低氧时钙激活氯通道（ClCa）在大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞（PASMCs）增殖中的作用。方法将PASMCs分别置于常氧及慢性低氧下,采用形态学、流式细胞术、免疫细胞化学法,观察ClCa阻滞剂尼氟灭酸（NFA）和indaryloxyacetic acid（IAA-94）对PASMCs增殖的影响。结果慢性低氧：①PASMCs呈合成表型,而常氧为收缩表型,NFA和IAA-94干预后呈合成表型的PASMCs向收缩型转变;②S＋G2M期细胞所占比例增高,NFA和IAA-94干预后减低,且G0G1期细胞所占比例增加（P〈0.01）;③PCNA表达阳性率增高,NFA和IAA-94干预后降低（P〈0.01）;④c-fos和c-jun蛋白阳性染色A增高,NFA和IAA-94干预后降低（P〈0.01）。结论慢性低氧引起细胞表型改变,可促进细胞增殖,而抑制ClCa的活性可抑制细胞的增殖,提示ClCa参与了低氧PASMCs的增殖。     

衰老和缺氧对培养大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的 探讨衰老及缺氧对体外培养的肺动脉平滑肌(PASMCs)增殖的影响。方法 将细胞分为年轻常氧组、老年常氧组、年轻缺氧组、老年缺氧组。应用MTT比色法、^3H-TdR掺入法、流式细胞术、免疫组化方法检查细胞的增殖情况。结果 同年轻组比较，老年组PASMCs的生长曲线明显抬高，^3H-TdR掺入明显增加，进入有丝分裂期的细胞比例明显增加，总蛋白量减少，增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)增加；同常氧组比较，缺氧组PASMCs的生长曲线明显抬高。^3H-TdR掺入先受抑制，后明显增加，进入有丝分裂期的细胞比例明显增加，总蛋白量减少，PCNA增加。结论 衰老和缺氧部能直接刺激平滑肌细胞的增殖．衰老的平滑肌细胞受缺氧刺激增殖最为明显。     

RNA干扰沉默STIM1表达对低氧下大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的 应用RNA干扰抑制肺动脉平滑肌细胞(pulmonary aretery smooth muscle cells,PASMCs)基质交感分子1(stromal interaction molecule 1,STIM1)基因表达,探讨STIM1表达抑制后对PASMCs缺氧增殖反应的影响.方法 采用离体培养大鼠肺动脉平...     

CHANGE OF CARBON MONOXIDE IN PLASMA AND TISSUE DURING ACUTE HYPOXIA

Objective. To investigate the role of endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) in hypoxia.Methods. After rats were inhaled with hypoxic gases and the heme oxygenase inhibitor ZnPPIX was administered, we measured the CO levels in plasma, liver, lung and kidney. Meanwhile plasma cGMP levels were observed. Furthermore, we recorded the changes of hemodynamic and blood gases.Results. Acute mild hypoxia (10% O2) significantly increased CO levels in plasma as well as liver, kidney and lung, while acute severe hypoxia (5% O2) significantly decreased CO levels in plasma as well as liver, kidney and lung. In addition, the former significantly elevated cGMP levels in plasma while the latter markedly reduced cGMP levels in plasma. The hemodynamic changes occurred in accordance with the changes of carbon monoxide.Conclusions. Our results indicate, for the first time , that the endogenous carbon monoxide plays an important role in regulating the vessel tone during hypoxia.     

Relationship of Intracellular Free Ca^2＋ Concentration and Calcium-activated Chloride Channels of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells in Rats under Hypoxic Conditions

Hypoxic pul monary hypertension ( HPH) ischaracterized by an elevation of pul monary vascularreaction and pul monary vascular reconstruction.Cytoplasmic free Ca2 concentration ([ Ca2 ]i)plays a key role in the regulation of vascular tone ,pul monary vasoconstriction and proliferation ofsmooth muscle cells[1]. The present study evalua-ted the role of [Ca2 ]iin the regulation of pul mo-nary vascular tone through regulation of calcium-activated chloride (Clca) channels in rats under a-cute h…     

Astragaloside Ⅳ inhibited hypoxia-enhanced proliferation and migration of human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells through modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Objective This study aims to determine the effects of astragaloside Ⅳ (AS-Ⅳ) treatment on the viability, proliferation and migration of hypoxia-stimulated human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods The mRNA and protein expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were determined qRT-PCR and Western blot assays, respectively. Cell viability and cell proliferation were determined by CCK-8 and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) cell proliferation assays, respectively. The cell migration was determined by Transwell migration assay. Results Hypoxia stimulation up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of PCNA in PASMCs (P<0.05); hypoxia stimulation significantly promoted PASMC viability and proliferation (P<0.05), and also increased the migration of PASMCs (P<0.05). AS - Ⅳ concentration-dependently down-regulated the mRNA expression and protein expression of PCNA (P<0.05), inhibited the viability, proliferation and migration of PASMCs under hypoxia (P<0.05). Hypoxia stimulation activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in PASMCs; while AS-Ⅳ concentration-dependently repressed the Wnt/βcatenin signaling in the hypoxia-stimulated PASMCs (P<0.05). Moreover, the treatment of XAV393, a Wnt/β - catenin inhibitor, attenuated the hypoxia-induced increase in the viability, proliferation and migration of PASMCs (P<0.05). The treatment of LiCl, a Wnt/β - catenin activator, restored the mRNA and protein expression levels of PCNA in the hypoxia-stimulated PASMCs with AS-Ⅳ treatment (P<0.05). The inhibitory effects of AS-Ⅳ treatment on the viability, proliferation and migration of PASMCs under hypoxia was attenuated by LiCl treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Our results indicate that AS-Ⅳ reversed hypoxia-induced proliferation and migration of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, which may be by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. © 2022 China Tropical Medicine. All rights reserved.     

Existence of heme oxygenase-carbon monoxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in human trabecular meshwork cells in vitro

Summary To confirm the existence of heme oxygenase (HO)-carbon monoxide (CO)- cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in the cultured human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs)in vitro, and to evaluate the inductive role of hemin on his pathway, HTMCs of the third to fourth generation were culturedin vitro. Reverse transcipase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed for detection of HO-1 and HO-2 mRNA. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect HO-1 and HO-2 proteins. Hemin was added into the culture solution. The HO-1 mRNA levels were quantified by RT-PCR. The relative amount of carbon monoxide released into the media was measured with the quantifying carbon monoxide hemoglobin (HbCO) by spectrophotometry. Radioimmunoassay was used to determine changes of cGMP in HTMCs. The results showed that cultured cells had the specific characteristics of HTMCs. Both HO-1 and HO-2 genes were expressed in HTMCs, as well as HO-1 and HO-2 proteins in HTMCs. Hemin induced HO-1 mRNA, HbCO and cGMP in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, HO-CO-cGMP pathway exists in the cultured HTMCs and can be induced by hemin. Pharmacological stimulation of HO-CO-cGMP pathway may constitute a novel therapeutic approach to rescuing glaucoma. LI Tao, male, born in 1976, Doctor in Charge     

Existence of Heme Oxygenase-carbon Monoxide-cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Pathway in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells In Vitro

To confirm the existence of heme oxygenase (HO)-carbon monoxide (CO)- cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in the cultured human trabecular meshwork cells (HT-MCs) in vitro, and to evaluate the inductive role of heroin on this pathway, HTMCs of the third to fourth generation were cultured in vitro. Reverse transcripase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed for detection of HO-1 and HO-2 mRNA. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect HO-1 and HO-2 proteins. Hemin was added into the culture solution. The HO-1 mRNA levels were quantified by RT-PCR. The relative amount of carbon monoxide released into the media was measured with the quantifying carbon monoxide hemoglobin (HbCO) by spectrophotometry.Radioimmunoassay was used to determine changes of cGMP in HTMCs. The results showed that cultured cells had the specific characteristics of HTMCs. Both HO-1 and HO-2 genes were expressed in HTMCs, as well as HO-1 and HO-2 proteins in HTMCs. Hemin induced HO-1 mRNA,HbCO and cGMP in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, HO-CO-cGMP pathway exists in the cultured HTMCs and can be induced by hemin. Pharmacological stimulation of HO-CO-cGMP pathway may constitute a novel therapeutic approach to rescuing glaucoma.     

不同低氧时间诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞m iR-214表达的动态变化

目的：观察不同低氧时间诱导的大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞（PASMCs）微小RNAs（miRNA）‐214表达的变化。方法将原代培养的大鼠PASMCs分别于低氧下培养0、6、12、24和48 h ,采用实时荧光定量PCR（RT‐PCR）检测各组细胞miR‐214的表达情况。结果大鼠PASMCs的miR‐214表达随低氧时间的延长呈持续升高趋势,除低氧6 h组与低氧0 h组相比较,miR‐214的表达差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）外,其余各组之间miR‐214的表达差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论低氧诱导后,miR‐214在PASMCs中的表达上调,且随着低氧时间的延长,miR‐214的表达有逐渐增加的趋势。     

大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞缺氧后STAT3活性变化对细胞癌基因c-jun mRNA表达及细胞增殖的影响

目的观察大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞缺氧后信号转导和转录活化因子3(STAT3)活性变化对细胞癌基因c-jun mRNA表达及细胞增殖的影响.方法组织块法原代培养肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs),用AG490预孵育后进行缺氧处理,Western blot检测缺氧2、4、6、8、12 h组STAT3酪氨酸活性水平变化;半定量RT-PCR检测缺氧2、4、6、8、12 h组细胞中c-jun mRNA表达水平变化;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化.结果 Western blot定量分析示缺氧培养6 h组STAT3酪氨酸磷酸化水平升高,12 h组达高峰;缺氧2 h细胞c-jun mRNA表达升高,6 h达高峰,8 h下降;细胞在缺氧6 h出现G0/G1期细胞比例明显减少,S G2/M期细胞比例明显增加,并随缺氧时间延长变化更显著.与对照组细胞相比,AG490处理组细胞在缺氧各时相点STAT3酪氨酸磷酸化水平及c-jun mRNA表达明显降低,同时G0/G1期细胞比例显著增加,S G2/M期细胞比例显著减少.结论①STAT3活化和c-jun mRNA表达增加参与缺氧PASMCs增殖;②AG490可通过抑制STAT3活性下调c-jun mRNA表达,从而抑制缺氧诱导的PASMCs增殖.     

益气化痰散瘀方含药血清对低氧大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察益气化痰散瘀方含药血清对低氧大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs)凋亡的影响,并探讨其机制是否通过线粒体途径。方法制备益气化痰散瘀方含药血清和空白血清。组织贴块法培养大鼠PASMCs并进行a-SMA细胞免疫荧光鉴定。MTT法筛选最佳含药血清及最佳低氧时间:常氧对照组,低氧模型组,5%含药血清、10%含药血清、20%含药血清组(含药血清用空白血清稀释),分别作用12、24、48 h。正式实验根据MTT结果分为常氧对照组、低氧模型组、最佳含药血清组,含药血清作用最佳低氧时间后,TUNEL-FITC/DAPI法检测各组PASMCs凋亡情况,Western Blot法检测各组casepase-9、casepase-3、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达。结果 MTT结果显示益气化痰散瘀方含药血清浓度为20%、低氧作用24 h时抑制作用最强,效果最佳。TUNEL-FITC/DAPI法显示与低氧模型组比较,益气化痰散瘀方含药血清可明显促进低氧条件下大鼠PASMCs的凋亡(P0.01);Western Blot法显示益气化痰散瘀方含药血清可升高低氧大鼠PASMCs的casepase-9、casepase-3和Bax蛋白表达(P0.05,P0.01),降低Bcl-2蛋白表达(P0.01)。结论益气化痰散瘀方含药血清可能通过线粒体途径诱导低氧大鼠PASMCs凋亡。