活血化瘀注射液(HHI-I)对TNF-α诱发大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞黏附分子mRNA表达的影响

[目的]从调节白细胞内皮细胞过度黏附角度研究活血化瘀中药的作用机制。[方法]体外培养肺微血管内皮细胞,RT-PCR方法观察活血化瘀注射液对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)诱发的体外培养大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞E-选择素、P-选择素、细胞间黏附分子ICAM-1mRNA表达的影响。[结果]肺微血管内皮细胞与含TNF-α培养基共同孵育后,可显著增加内皮细胞E-选择素、P-选择素、ICAM-1mRNA表达,在培养基中加入活血化瘀注射液含药血清后,则内皮细胞E-选择素、P-选择素、ICAM-1mRNA过度表达被明显抑制。[结论]抑制内皮细胞E-选择素、P-选择素、ICAM-1mRNA过度表达是活血化瘀重要的作用机制之一。     

血府逐瘀汤对血瘀证大鼠血管内皮细胞黏附分子表达的影响

目的:研究血府逐瘀汤对血瘀证血管内皮细胞黏附分子表达的影响。方法:采用免疫组织化学和RT-PCR两种方法观察血府逐瘀汤不同剂量(高、中、低)对血瘀证(大鼠)血管内皮细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)、血小板-内皮细胞黏附分子-1(PECAM-1)和诱生型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达的影响。结果:模型组ICAM-1、VCAM-1、PECAM-1、iNOS高表达,血府逐瘀汤能减少造模动物ICAM-1、VCAM-1、PECAM-1、iNOS的表达,而且随着药物剂量的减少,各分子表达呈递增趋势,具有量效关系。结论:血府逐瘀汤能降低血瘀证大鼠血管内皮细胞黏附分子表达,且量效关系明显。     

补阳还五汤对血瘀证大鼠血管内皮细胞黏附分子表达的影响

目的研究补阳还五汤对血瘀证大鼠血管内皮细胞黏附分子表达的影响。方法采用免疫组织化学和RT-PCR方法观察补阳还五汤不同剂量对血瘀证大鼠血管内皮细胞细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)、血小板-内皮细胞黏附分子-1(PECAM-1)和诱生型-氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达的影响。结果模型组ICAM-1、VCAM-1、PECAM-1、iNOS高表达，补阳还五汤能减少造模动物ICAM-1、VCAM-1、PECAM-1、iNOs的表达，而且随着药物剂量的减少，各分子表达呈递增趋势，具有明显的量效关系。结论补阳还五汤能显著降低血瘀证大鼠血管内皮细胞黏附分子高表达，且量效关系明显。     

Cationic antimicrobial protein of Mr 37 kDa: a multifunctional inflammatory protein

Purpose　To investigate the role of cationic antimicrobial protein of Mr 37?kDa (CAP37) a neutrophil-derived inflammatory mediator on endothelial cell function. Data sources　Endothelial cells used in this study were obtained from human lung microvessels and rat aorta. The latter was a kind gift of Dr. Paula Grammas. The mono-mac 6 cell line used in this study was the generous gift of Dr. H.W. Loms Ziegler-Heitbrock. Study selection and data extraction　Endothelial cell proteins kinase C activity was determined by measuring calcium- and phospholipid-dependent phosphorylation of histone. Endothelial cell migration was determined using CostarTM Transwell apparatus. Cell surface expression of adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and PECAM-1 was determined using flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to amplify the CAP37 from endothelial cells treated with LPS. Results　We demonstrated that CAP37 which was originally identified as having potent antimicrobial activity and chemotactic activity for monocytes was capable of modulating endothelial cell functions. CAP37 activated endothelial cell protein kinase C in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Importantly CAP37 increased the adhesive properties of the endothelium for monocytes. CAP37 upregulated the well known adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and PECAM-1 in a dose- and time- dependent manner. In addition, CAP37 promoted endothelial cell migration. Further investigations indicated that CAP37 was induced in endothelial cells in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1α as well as inflammatory mediators such as lipopolysaccharide. Unstimulated endothelial cells did not constitutively express CAP37. The cDNA sequence of endothelial CAP37 was determined and found to be highly homologous to the sequence obtained for neutrophil-derived CAP37. Conclusions　Our studies strongly suggest that CAP37 plays a pivotal role in monocyte-endothelial interactions and the transmigration of monocytes from the vasculature into extravascular tissues.     

灵芝多糖拮抗前列腺素E2对小鼠脾细胞IFN-γ和TNF-αmRNA表达的抑制作用

目的 观察灵芝多糖拮抗前列腺索E2（PGE2）对小鼠睥细胞干扰素γ（IFN-γ）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）mRNA表达的抑制作用。方法 混合淋巴细胞培养反应作为实验模型,半定量RT-PCR方法检测IFN-γ和TNF-α mRNA的表达水平。结果 PGE2连续作用4h后,脾细胞IFN-γ mRNA的表达与对照组比较受到不同程度的抑制,当PGE2浓度在10μmol／L以上时具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。固定PGE2浓度为20μmol／L,合用不同浓度的灵芝多糖,当灵芝多糖为100mg／L以上时可部分对抗PGE2的抑制作用。培养8h后,PGE2明显抑制TNF-α mRNA的表达,灵芝多糖为100mg／L以上时可部分对抗。结论 灵芝多糖可部分拮抗PGE2对小鼠脾细胞IFN-γ和TNF-α mRNA表达的抑制作用。     

Effects of TNF-α and curcumin on the expression of VEGF in Raji and U937 cells and on angiogenesis in ECV304 cells

Background To better understand the possibilities of antiangiogenic tumor therapy and to assess possible side effects, we investigated the effect of tumour necrosis factor （TNF）-α and curcumin on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in U937 and Raji cell lines and their effect on angiogenesis in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell （HUVECs）-derived cell line （ECV304）, and also the relationship between Notchl and VEGF. The aim of this study was to elucidate potential mechanisms controlling tumor neovascularization. Methods VEGF secreted by U937 and Raji cell lines was determined by ELISA. Angiogenesis was tested by network formation of endothelial cells on Matrigel. Levels of VEGF mRNA in U937 and Raji cells and Notchl mRNA levels in EV304 cells were determined by RT-PCR. Results Secretion of VEGF by U937 and Raji cells was increased by TNF-α treatment and suppressed by curcumin （P 〈 0. 01 ）. The mRNA expression of VEGF165 and VEGF121 （containing 165 and 121 amino acid residues, respectively） were detected in any fractions. TNF-α augmented the expression of VEGF165 and VEGF121 mRNA and curcumin reduced the expression （P 〈0. 01 ）. No networks or cords formed in control and curcumin groups. There was tube formation on matrigel in the supernatants of the Raji culture group and the supernatants groups treated by VEGF group and TNF-α in Raji cell. Notch1 mRNA was detected but there was no significant change in the VEGF group compared with control （P 〉 0. 05）. Conclusions Expressions of VEGF mRNA in U937 and Raji cells were increased by TNF-α and suppressed by curcumin. VEGF and TNF-α can induce angiogenesis, and curcumin can inhibit angiogenesis in ECV304 cells.     

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体β在肿瘤坏死因子α介导HaCaT角质细胞凋亡中的作用

目的：探讨肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）导致HaCaT角质细胞凋亡中,TNF-α对过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体β（peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-β,PPARβ）表达时空和转录活性的影响。方法：采用Hoechst 33258染色后观察凋亡细胞的形态学改变,并计算凋亡细胞百分率,Caspase活性定量检测试剂盒分析Caspase-3的活性变化,RT—PCR和Western印迹观察TNF-α致PPARβmRNA及蛋白的表达,应用凝胶迁移滞留实验及荧光素酶报道基因分析TNF-α介导PPARβ的DNA结合活性及转录活性的改变。结果：HaCaT角质细胞经5、10、20ns／ml TNF-α处理24h后,Hoechst 33258染色示随着TNF-α剂量的增加,凋亡细胞增多,凋亡细胞核百分率分别为12％±3％、32％±4％、57％±5％;HaCaT角质细胞经TNF-α（10、20ns／ml）处理不同时间后,Caspase-3的活性增强（P〈0．01）。继而Western印迹显示,HaCaT角质细胞经10as／ml TNF-α处理12、24h后PPARβ的蛋白表达显著增加,HaCaT角质细胞经不同浓度的TNF-α处理24h后PPARβ蛋白表达水平亦增加;RT-PCR检测示TNF-α（10、20ns／ml）处理3、6h后PPAR[3mRNA的表达增强,说明TNF-α可诱导PPARβ的表达。进而凝胶迁移滞留实验及荧光素酶报道基因分析表明TNF-α可以增强PPARβ的DNA的结合活性和转录活性。结论：在TNF-α介导HaCaT角质细胞凋亡中,TNF-α可增强PPARβmRNA、蛋白水平的表达以及DNA结合活性和转录活性。     

Adhesion molecules and CXC chemokines in endotoxin-induced liver injury

Interactions between leukocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury. Various adhesion molecules and chemokines play key roles in these cell-to-cell interactions, and the expression of these adhesion molecules and the production of chemokines are regulated by inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). We have shown that the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on cultured rat sinusoidal endothelial cells stimulated with TNF-alpha increases in a dose-dependent manner. The number of neutrophils that adhered to sinusoidal endothelial cells pretreated with TNF-alpha also increased in a dose-dependent manner and significantly decreased upon incubation with an anti-ICAM-1 antibody. In endotoxin-induced rat liver injury, the number of neutrophils infiltrating the sinusoids increased after serum TNF-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) reached their peak levels. In addition, the level of ICAM-1 expression on sinusoidal endothelial cells greatly increased from 8 h after exposure to endotoxin, and these cells were adhered to neutrophils that expressed both LFA-1 and Mac-1. Moreover, lipo-prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) reduced the extent of liver injury, and also reduced the number of neutrophils that infiltrated the liver, was reduced the production of MIP-2 and CINC, but not that of TNF-alpha, in rats injected with endotoxin.     

TNF—α或mmLDL对人脐静脉内皮细胞PAI—1的细胞及其机制

目的：探讨肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF－α）或弱氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（mmLDL)对人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs)PAI－1活性和mRNA表达的影响及其分子机制。方法：用发色底物法测定HUVECs培养液中PAI－1的活性,用Northern印迹分析法检测PAI－1基因mRNA的表达情况,并分别用蛋白激酶C（PKC）或促分裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶（MAPKK）抑制剂干预上述诱导实验。结果：TNF－α或mmLDL作用HUVEC后,PAI－1活性和mRNA基因表达均明显增加,促分裂原活化蛋白激酶－激酶（MAPKK）的抑制剂PD98059（60μmol/L)能明显阻断TNF－α（100U／ml)或mmLDL(50μg/ml)对PAI－1活性和mRNA的诱导,但PKC的抑制剂Staurosporine(10nmoo/L)和H7（15μmol/L)无显著阻断作用。结论：（1）TNFα或mmLDL能增强血管内皮细胞PAI－1尖性与mRNA表达;（2）PAI－1活性提高与其mRNA表达增加有关。（3）MAPK途径可能在TNF-α或mmLDL诱导血管内皮细胞PAI－1表达中起重要作用。     

流体切应力作用于间充质干细胞对其内皮分化后细胞间黏附因子1表达的影响

目的探讨流体切应力作用于成体骨髓间充质干细胞（mesenchymalstemcells,MSCs）后,其定向内皮诱导所得细胞的细胞间黏附因子1（intercellularadhesionmolecule-1,ICAM-1）的表达变化。方法体外培养大鼠骨髓MSCs,于流室系统中加载不同强度的流体切应力后,将其向内皮细胞系诱导,以荧光实时定量RT-PCR检测所得细胞ICAM-1的mRNA表达水平,以流式细胞仪检测ICAM-1蛋白表达水平,并进一步观察细胞传代后ICAM-1mRNA及蛋白表达水平变化。结果大鼠MSCs经过流动加载后,定向内皮诱导所得细胞的ICAM-1mRNA及蛋白表达水平均较静态对照组有所升高（P〈0.05）,但当细胞传代后,ICAM-1蛋白水平回落至对照组水平（P〉0.05）,而mRNA表达水平继续升高。结论流体切应力能增加MSCs来源的内皮细胞黏附因子的表达,证实了血流动力学因素在动脉粥样硬化发病机制中所起的重要作用。     

活血注射液对ox-LDL诱导的单核-内皮细胞黏附作用的影响

目的观察活血注射液对氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)中细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)的表达及与人单核细胞黏附作用的影响。方法以培养HUVEC作为靶细胞,在内皮细胞培养基中加入ox-LDL制备细胞损伤模型。采用蛋白定量法检测HUVEC与单核细胞的黏附率;RT-PCR检测HUVEC中ICAM-1的mRNA表达;用流式细胞仪测定HUVEC中ICAM-1的蛋白表达。结果ox-LDL作用HUVEC后12、24h时,人单核细胞与HUVEC的黏附率显著升高,HUVEC中ICAM-1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平也均明显升高,均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),而活血注射液可明显降低人单核细胞与HUVEC的黏附率,以及显著降低ICAM-1的mRNA和蛋白的表达水平(P<0.05,P<0.01),这种作用随着剂量的增加而增强。结论活血注射液能通过下调内皮细胞表面黏附分子的表达抑制单核-血管内皮细胞黏附,从而发挥对血管内皮细胞的保护作用,有利于减少或抑制动脉粥样硬化的形成。     

Effects of L-Tetrahydropalmatine on NOSⅢ Gene Expression in Hypoxia and Cultured Porcine Cerebral Arterial Endothelial Cells during Reoxygenation

L- Tetrahydropalmatine (L- THP) ,a kind of al-kaloid extracted from traditional Chinese medicineRhizoma corydalis,posseses sedative,analgesic andhypnotic effects.Recently,it has been demonstratedthat L- THPalso had calcium- antagonistic and antiar-rythmic effects.Studies showed that L- THP had aprotective effect on acute focal and global cerebral is-chemia- reperfusion injury[1,2 ] .Many studies provedthat the production of NO wasincreased significantlyduring ischemia- reperfusion.The o…     

血小板内皮细胞黏附分子的剪接体在胚胎干细胞血管形成过程中的表达

目的探讨血小板内皮细胞黏附分子(PECAM)1的剪接体在胚胎干细胞分化过程中的表达规律。方法体外培养胚胎干细胞,在细胞因子的作用下形成胚胎样小体(EB);然后将EB种植到胶原中,在细胞因子的作用下诱导出芽性血管新生。分别利用免疫组织化学、流式细胞术、逆转录聚合酶链反应等方法检测胚胎干细胞及其分化过程中PECAM1、Oct4及胚胎阶段特异性抗原(SSEA)1的表达。应用克隆分析的方法检测不同的PECAM1剪接体在EB形成和出芽性血管新生过程中的表达分布。结果PECAM1主要表达在胚胎干细胞细胞连结部位。随着胚胎干细胞的分化,Oct4及SSEA1表达下降。胚胎干细胞表达8种PECAM1的剪接体,包括全长、Δ12、Δ14、Δ15、Δ12&14、Δ12&15、Δ14&15、Δ12&14&15,其中Δ15和Δ14&15表达水平最高。在胚胎干细胞形成EB和出芽性血管新生过程中,剪接体表达水平发生变化,其中Δ12&14&15的表达明显上升,Δ15表达下降。结论未分化的胚胎干细胞表达PECAM1,剪接体的表达变化可能参与了胚胎干细胞的血管形成。     

Expression of endothelial cell IgG Fc receptors and markers on various cultures

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不同类型维生素E对人脐静脉内皮细胞细胞间黏附分子-1表达的影响

目的:观察不同类型维生素E(α、γ、mixed-tocopherols)对氧化型低密度脂蛋白 (oxLDL)及重组人C反应蛋白 (rhCRP)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞 (HUVECs)细胞间黏附分子-1 (ICAM-1)表达的影响,以探讨不同类型维生素E的抗炎、抗动脉粥样硬化机制及不同效果. 方法: 体外培养HUVECs,分别加oxLDL、oxLDL α-tocopherol、oxLDL γ-tocopherol、oxLDL mixed-tocopherols、rhCRP、rhCRP α-tocopherol、rhCRP γ-tocopherol、rhCRP mixed-tocopherols孵育 24 h,采用细胞酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)、流式细胞、RT-PCR技术分别测定ICAM-1蛋白和mRNA表达水平. 结果: oxLDL和rhCRP均可诱导HUVECs的ICAM-1蛋白和mRNA表达增加,不同类型维生素E均可抑制oxLDL诱导的HUVECs的ICAM-1蛋白和mRNA表达,并呈浓度依赖性(50～200 μmol/L).与相同浓度的α、γ-tocopherol相比, mixed-tocopherols抑制作用最强.不同类型维生素E均不能抑制 rhCRP诱导的HUVECs的ICAM-1蛋白和mRNA表达.结论: 不同类型维生素E均可抑制oxLDL诱导的HUVECs的ICAM-1蛋白和mRNA表达,与α、γ-tocopherol相比,mixed-tocopherols对oxLDL诱导HUVECs表达ICAM-1的抑制作用最强.     

Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in human endothelial cells increases plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 expression

Objective To investigate the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPARs) activators on plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI-1) expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and elucidate a possible mechanism.Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) were obtained from normal fetus,and cultured conventionally.Then the HUVEC were exposed to fatty acids and prostaglandin J2 in varying concentrations with fresh media.RT-PCR and ELISA were used to determine the expression of PPAR and PAI-1 in HUVECs.Transient co-transfection of PAI-1 promoter and PPARα gene or PPARγ gene to ECV304 was performed.Results PPARα,PPARγ and PPARγ mNRA in HUVECs were detected by RT-PCR.Treatment of HUVECs with PPARα and PPARγ activators-linolenic acid,linoleic acid,oleic acid and prostaglandin J2,but not with stearic acid could augment PAI-1 mRNA expression and protein secretion in a concentrationdependent manner.Proportional induction of PAI-1 promoter activity was observed through increasing amounts of PPARαDNA in HUVECs throgh a transient gene transfection assay,although the mRNA expression of the 3 subtypes of PPAR with their activators were not changes compared with controls.Conclusions HUVECs express PPARs,PPARs activators may increase PAI-1 expression in endothelial cells(EC).Although PPARs expresslon was not enhanced after being stimulated by their activators in EC,the functionally active PPARαis probably involved in regulating PAI-1 expression in EC.     

糖基化终产物对心肌微血管内皮细胞表达MCP-1和ICAM-1的影响及机制研究

目的：观察体外孵育的牛血清白蛋白（BSA）非酶促糖基化终末产物（AGEs）对心肌微血管内皮细胞细胞间黏附分子（ICAM-1）和单核细胞趋化因子-1（MCP-）表达的影响及机制．方法：取50g／L牛血清白蛋白（BSA）、500g／LD-葡萄糖,于37℃孵箱内避光孵育12wk,制备外源性AGEs-BSA．体外培养大鼠心肌微血管内皮细胞（CMECs）．分设不同浓度梯度的AGEs实验组、BSA对照组,采用ELISA法测定MCP-1的表达,流式细胞术测定ICAM-1的表达,Western Blot法测定糖基化终末产物受体蛋白（RAGE）的表达,RT-PCR检测RAGE mRNA的表达．结果：100,200,400mg／L AGEs可显著增加心肌微血管内皮细胞ICAM-1（13．2％,14．5％,38．1％）,MCP—1[（52．5±5．5）,（116．0±3．1）,（139．6±8．7）μg/L]的表达（与对照组相比较,P〈0．05）,且在蛋白水平及mRNA水平均明显增加RAGE的表达（P〈0．05）,并呈浓度依赖性．结论：AGE—BSA可刺激心肌微血管内皮细胞过量表达ICAM-1和MCP-1,从而加速心肌微血管炎症的发生与发展．其机制可能是AGEs上调了心肌微血管内皮细胞RAGE的表达．也进一步证实了AGEs—RAGE信号系统的起动是糖尿病心肌微血管病变发生发展一个重要原因．     

RNA干扰对活化的小鼠巨噬细胞肿瘤坏死因子α表达的影响

目的：观察靶向小鼠肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）基因的小干扰RNA（siRNA）在体外对小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264．7表达TNF-α的抑制作用。方法：采用化学法合成针对TNF-α mRNA不同位点设计的3条siRNA序列（siRNA1～3）和1条带有荧光标记的BLOCK—IT^TM荧光Oligo（修饰的荧光标记的dsRNA,siRNA4）通过脂质体包裹后将其分别转染至小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264．7,同时设立1个无任何靶基因的siRNA作为阴性对照（siRNA4）。荧光显微镜下观察siRNA的转染效率;用实时荧光定量PCR和酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）法分别检测siRNA对TNF-α的mRNA和蛋白表达的抑制作用。结果：内毒素刺激后6h,巨噬细胞表达TNF-α mRNA和合成分泌的TNF-α量均增加,于9～12h达高峰。利用荧光标记的Oligo观察到siRNA转染效率达72％～80％。siRNA1～4转染巨噬细胞后,siRNA2、3可见内毒素刺激的TNF-α mRNA（0．158±0．030、0．114±0．028）和TNF-α蛋白表达[（1355±348）pg／ml、（817±138）pg／m1]均明显少于未转染组[TNF-α mRNA0．294±0．147,蛋白（2104±32）pg／ml,均P〈0．05],其中siRNA3的抑制率非常显著,达61．2％（P〈0．01）。阴性对照siRNA4对细胞基因及蛋白表达无影响。结论：内毒素可刺激小鼠巨噬细胞TNF-α的合成。化学合成siRNA转染小鼠巨噬细胞能有效抑制TNF-α mRNA及蛋白的表达。