双平面食道超声心动图在选择经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术中的作用

经胸壁超声心动图（TTE）检查符合经皮二类瓣球囊成形术（PBMV）指征的52例二尖瓣狭窄患者。均于48h内行双平面经食道超声心动图（BTEE）检查，进行二次筛选，合适的病例在1周内行PBMV术。经TEE证实左心耳血栓9例，而TTE仅发现1例，9例中除1例未行手术外，余8例均行开心手术证实。TTE误诊左心房血栓1例，TTE漏诊而TEE和二尖瓣置换手术证实后叶赘生物1例。除上述10例外，余42例均成功地进行了PBMV术。研究表明，由于对左心耳和左心房血栓的高准确性，TEE作为PBMV术前检查是完全必要的。     

食管超声检查在心脏病诊断中的应用

为探讨经食管超声心动图(TEE)检查在心脏病诊断中的临床应用,总结分析经胸超声心动图(TTE)、TEE检查及术中监测共计282例患者的资料。TEE补充与修正了39例TTE的诊断结果,在手术中对心脏和大血管的结构、功能进行检查和监测。其中房间隔缺损15例(上腔型8例,靠近冠状窦部位的小缺损3例,房缺合并部分肺静脉异位引流3例,经胸超声未明确房缺者1例),左心耳附壁血栓13例,感染性心内膜炎赘生物形成6例,瓣周漏3例,杂交法介入封堵2例。TEE是对TTE进行良好补充的一项重要技术,对术前诊断的修正与补充,指导术中换瓣及评价封堵治疗效果有重要意义,对诊断左房内血栓、感染性心内膜炎、人工瓣功能不全及术后监测均有重要价值。     

术中经食管实时三维超声心动图在二尖瓣置换术中的应用

目的评价术中经食管实时三维超声心动图（RT-3D TEE）在二尖瓣置换术中的应用。方法回顾性分析术中RT-3D TEE监测的52例风湿性心脏病患者,其中单纯性二尖瓣狭窄18例,单纯性二尖瓣关闭不全12例,二尖瓣狭窄合并关闭不全22例。结果 52例行瓣置换术患者中3例于术前发现左心耳血栓,术中行左心耳血栓清除术。2例于心脏复跳后发现较大瓣周漏,即刻对瓣周漏进行修补。结论术中RT-3D TEE监测能显著提高手术成功率,减少术后并发症,避免二次开胸率,对二尖瓣置换术具有重要的指导意义。     

TEE在卵圆孔未闭诊断及介入封堵术中的应用研究

目的探究经食道超声心动图(TEE)在卵圆孔未闭诊断及介入封堵术中的应用效果。方法选取2017年8月至2019年12月本院接收的40例疑似卵圆孔未闭患者为研究对象,术前患者均行TEE检查、经胸超声心动图(TTE)检查,在确诊后使用TEE引导进行介入封堵术,观察记录TEE、TTE检查结果以及TEE引导介入封堵术的术后疗效。结果40例患者中,TEE诊断出30例,TTE诊断出15例,TEE检出率明显高于TTE(P<0.05);30例卵圆孔未闭中均有明显偏头痛或脑卒中病史,仅15例患者接受封介入封堵术,患者术后3个月的头痛影响测定(HIT-6)评分低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论TEE能有效诊断出卵圆孔未闭,检出率高于TTE,能为手术提供可靠的参考数据,确保介入封堵术顺利完成。     

经食道超声心动图对心房颤动围手术期脑卒中临床价值的研究

目的探讨经食道超声心动图(transesophageal echocardiography,TEE)检查对评估心房颤动患者行射频消融术(radiofrequency catheter ablation,RFCA)围手术期脑卒中的临床价值。方法对420例拟行RFCA的非瓣膜性心房颤动患者术前行TEE检查,围手术期予抗凝治疗。以RFCA术后1个月内出现脑卒中的8例患者为研究对象,412例未出现围手术期脑卒中的患者作为对照组进行研究。对临床资料及TEE检查资料进行总结分析。结果非瓣膜性心房颤动行RFCA患者,围手术期发生脑卒中多与既往冠心病史[odds ratio(OR)6.0,P=0.03]或脑卒中史(OR 8.2,P=0.02)相关。脑卒中组与非脑卒中组比较,TEE检查参数(包括自发性显影、左心耳面积、左心耳排空峰值速度、卵圆孔未闭、房间隔膨胀瘤)在两组间均无统计学差异,各变量与RFCA围手术期脑卒中无相关性。结论非瓣膜性心房颤动行RFCA围手术期应用抗凝药物的患者,TEE检查参数(除外左房血栓)并未提示与围手术期脑卒中的发生相关。尽管自发性显影、左心耳面积、左心耳排空峰值速度、卵圆孔未闭、房间隔膨胀瘤等是血栓形成的因素,但未增加心心房颤动动患者RFCA围手术期脑卒中的发生。     

术前经胸及经食管超声心动图在二尖辦修复术中的应用

目的对二尖瓣修复术前运用经胸及经食管超声心动图技术诊断二尖瓣反流（mitral regurgitation,MR）病变的精确度进行比较。方法2004年3月至2006年6月,我院共有243例MR患者拟行二尖瓣修复术。术前所有患者均行经胸超声心动图（transthoracic echocardiography,TTE）检查,41例患者行经食管超声心动图（transeophageal echocardiography,TEE）检查。将术前超声心动图资料与术中所见进行比较,分别对TTE及TEE的诊断精确度进行评价。结果术前TTE及TEE与手术吻合率分别为81．48％及87．80％（P=0．325）。TTE与TEE的诊断吻合率为73．17％。两种技术检测脱垂、腱索断裂、瓣膜穿孔或裂缺、腱索异常以及赘生物等病变的敏感性、特异性以及诊断精确度无统计学差异。8例患者行换瓣术,其余235例行二尖瓣修复术。术前是否接受TEE检查对修复成功率无显著影响。结论TTE是检测各种二尖瓣反流性病变的有效手段,能满足绝大多数患者的术前诊断需要,在MVR中具有重要的应用价值。     

左心耳CT血管造影双期扫描在房颤患者中诊断左心耳血栓的应用价值

目的:探讨左心耳CT血管造影(CTA)双期扫描在房颤患者中诊断左心耳血栓的应用价值。方法:回顾性收集2020年1月至2022年6月房颤患者36例,所有患者均行左心耳(LAA)CTA双期扫描和经食管超声心动图(TEE)检查。以TEE检查结果为“金标准”,分别计算LAA-CTA第一期和第二期诊断LAA血栓的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及诊断符合率,并采用Kappa检验评价LAA-CTA第一期和第二期诊断结果与TTE诊断结果的一致性。结果:LAA-CTA第一期诊断左心耳血栓患者21例,第二期诊断左心耳血栓患者15例,TTE诊断左心耳血栓患者14例;LAA-CTA第一期诊断LAA血栓的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及诊断符合率分别为64.29%、45.45%、42.86%、66.67%及52.78%;LAA-CTA第二期诊断LAA血栓的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及诊断符合率分别为92.86%、90.91%、86.67%、95.24%、91.67%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LAA-CTA第一期诊断左心耳血栓结果与TEE诊断结果一致性一般(Kappa...     

经食管超声心动图的临床应用（附472例分析）

本文分析和总结了472例经食管超声心动图(TEE)与经胸超声心动图(TTE)、手术和其它技术的对比结果,认为TEE对左房附壁血栓、房间隔缺损、人工瓣功能不全、感染性心内膜炎(SBE)和主动脉病变具有极其重要的诊断价值,术中TEE的应用价值更具优势。     

64层螺旋CT在心律失常及瓣膜介入术中的应用价值

目的 探讨房性心律失常射频消融术及二尖瓣狭窄球囊扩张术前,应用64层螺旋CT检测患者左心耳血栓的临床价值.方法 需行房扑、房速、房颤射频消融术或二尖瓣狭窄球囊扩张术患者204例,术前常规行左房及肺静脉CT血管成像(CTA)检查,有左房血栓的病例作为实验组,未提示左房血栓的病例作为对照组,所有病例均行经食道超声检查(TEE).结果 204例患者中,64层螺旋CT检查显示左心耳血栓形成者32例,未见血栓征象者172例,TEE检查显示左心耳血栓形成者26例,无血栓征象者178例,CT显示的32例血栓中,22例经TEE证实,10例TEE显示为自发超声显影(SEC).CT显示的未见血栓征象者172例中,168例经TEE证实,另4例TEE显示为血栓形成.64层螺旋CT诊断左心耳血栓的敏感性84.6％,特异性94.4％,阳性预测值68.8％,阴性预测值97.7％,准确度93.1％.结论 64层螺旋CT检测房性心律失常射频消融术及二尖瓣狭窄球囊扩张术患者左心耳血栓具有较高的临床应用价值,未来有可能成为临床上检测左心耳血栓的一种无创、可靠的替代方法.     

经食管超声心动图在先天性心脏病经胸小切口封堵术中的应用

目的:探讨经食管超声心动图(TEE)在简单先天性心脏病外科手术选择经胸小切口封堵术中的应用价值.方法:术前经胸超声心动图检查初步筛选适合行经胸小切口封堵术的病例,术中TEE检查进一步明确诊断,决定封堵术的可行性并进行全程监测引导,即刻评价封堵疗效.术后1周内经胸超声检查随访评价手术效果.结果:术前初步筛选合适病例10例[房间隔缺损(ASD)4例、室间隔缺损(VSD)1例、动脉导管未闭(PDA)5例],其中8例成功封堵,2例因术中TEE检查认为不适合封堵而改为修补手术,术中证实超声的诊断及对手术方式决定的准确性.结论:术中TEE检查在外科开展经胸小切口封堵术中能进一步明确诊断并对手术方式起指导作用,能对选择Amplatzer封堵器型号提供依据,对释放封堵器提供正确引导,对术后疗效进行即刻判定.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.