检测血清PCT、CRP、IL-6联合NLR、PLR对AECOPD患者病情严重程度评估及预后转归的临床价值

目的 探讨检测降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白介素-6(IL-6)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、血小板与淋巴细胞比值（PLR）在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）急性加重期（AECOPD）患者的临床意义。方法 选择2021年5月-2022年5月于深圳市龙岗中心医院就诊的80例AECOPD患者为AECOPD组,根据肺功能分级标准分为A组24例（GOLDⅠ级）、B组19例（GOLDⅡ级）、C组20例（GOLDⅢ级）、D组17例（GOLDⅣ级）,根据随访6个月内患者预后情况分为预后良好组（n=58）和预后不良组（n=22）;同期纳入80例COPD稳定期（SCOPD）患者作为SCOPD组及80名健康体检者作为对照组。检测及计算NLR、PLR、PCT、CRP、IL-6水平、一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、FEV1/用力肺活量（FVC）。结果 对照组、SCOPD组、AECOPD组FEV1、FEV1/FVC依次降低,PCT、CRP、IL-6、NLR、PLR依次升高（F=415.603、344.576、700.091、1 478.186、561.854、332.932、125.060,P均...     

SAA、CRP、ESR联合检测在AECOPD病情监测中的价值分析

目的:探讨联合检测血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)病情监测中的临床价值。方法:87例COPD患者分为COPD急性加重期组(n=45例)和COPD稳定期组(n=42例),同期选择40例门诊健康体检者作为对照组。根据是否出现呼吸衰竭、是否合并肺心病将AECOPD患者分为呼吸衰竭组、无呼吸衰竭组和合并肺心病组、未合并肺心病组,比较各组血清SAA、CRP表达水平及ESR变化,并分析血清SAA、CRP及ESR的相关性。结果:COPD急性加重期组患者血清SAA、CRP表达水平及ESR均明显高于COPD稳定期组和对照组(P<0.05);呼吸衰竭组患者血清SAA、CRP表达水平及ESR均明显高于无呼吸衰竭组(P<0.05);合并肺心病组患者血清SAA、CRP表达水平及ESR均明显高于未合并肺心病组(P<0.05),血清SAA表达水平与CRP及ESR均呈正相关性关系(r1=0.576,r2=0.607,P<0.05),血清CRP表达水平与ESR也呈正相关性关系(r3=0.482,P<0.05)。结论:联合检测SAA、CRP、ESR在AECOPD患者病情监测中具有较高的临床应用价值。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期机械通气患者中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值与预后的相关性

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)机械通气患者外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与预后的相关性。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年1月郑州大学第一附属医院呼吸重症监护室收治的97例AECOPD机械通气患者的临床资料。根据28 d预后将患者分为好转组(66例)和恶化组(31例)。比较两组中性粒细胞计数(NC)、淋巴细胞计数(LC)、NLR、C反应蛋白(CRP)及急性生理与慢性健康评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)。对NLR与CRP、APACHEⅡ评分进行相关性分析。统计基线期NLR四分位区间,并比较各个区间的死亡率。结果恶化组NLR、CRP和APACHEⅡ评分均高于好转组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。两组NC、LC比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。AECOPD机械通气患者NLR与CRP、APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关(r=0.279、0.315,P=0.006、0.002)。不同NLR四分位区间患者的死亡率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论监测AECOPD机械通气患者的NLR水平,有助于评估病情严重程度及预后。     

老年AECOPD患者CRP与PCT水平变化及意义

目的 探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)的水平变化及其意义.方法 选取沙坪坝区人民医院呼吸内科2013年1月至2015年6月收治的120例老年AECOPD患者进行研究,根据BODE指数(体质量、呼吸困难、气流、运动功能指数)、治疗后1年内出现急性加重次数、复发时间进行亚组分析,另选择40例门诊健康体检者作为对照组,对比各组血清CRP、PCT水平.结果 BODE指数1～4级的AECOPD患者血清CRP、PCT水平均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),且组内血清CRP、PCT水平比较:1级＜2级＜3级＜4级,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).AECO-PD患者血清CRP、PCT水平与BODE指数分级之间呈正相关(r=0.482、0.317,P＜0.05).治疗后,超过3个月出现复发的AE-COPD患者血清CRP、PCT水平显著低于3个月内复发的患者,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗出院后1年,复发次数超过1次的AECOPD患者血清CRP、PCT水平显著高于复发少于或等于1次的患者,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 AECOPD患者的血清CRP、PCT水平可以反映患者的呼吸困难、气流受限、运动功能,并且能对患者预后进行初步评估.     

外周血嗜酸性粒细胞对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者病情及预后的指导价值

探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)的相关临床意义。方法:选取收住的AECOPD患者的临床资料。记录患者入院时的一般临床资料、入院24 h内血常规、CRP、PCT、ESR、肺功能相关指标、住院天数等,并随访记录其1年内急性加重次数和1年病死率。分别据入院时EOS百分比是否大于2%分为两组,EOS百分比>2%为EOS阳性组,EOS百分比≤2%为EOS阴性组。另外选取同期健康体检志愿者作为对照组。结果:本研究共入选AECOPD患者209例、健康体检志愿者205例,两组间一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),AECOPD患者的EOS百分比及EOS计数均低于健康对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.501,P=0.258)。EOS阳性组100例,EOS阴性组109例,两组间在入院前的一般情况如年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟情况、COPD病程、FEV_1/FVC%、FEV_1%pre等比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。EOS阳性组住院天数较EOS阴性组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);在患者出院后的1年随访中,EOS阳性组出现AECOPD的次数高于EOS阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.005);EOS阳性组1年病死率低于EOS阴性组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:EOS阴性组较EOS阳性的AECOPD患者感染重、住院时间延长,后续1年内EOS阳性组的急性加重次数高于EOS阴性组。AECOPD患者外周血EOS能够帮助评估病情及判断预后。     

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值、血小板/淋巴细胞比值及平均血小板体积与系统性红斑狼疮活动度的相关性研究

目的 探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)及平均血小板体积(MPV)与系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)疾病活动度的相关性.方法 选取2014年1月至2017年11月该院SLE住院患者100例(SLE组),根据SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)评分将其分为活动组(SLEDAI评分大于10分,n=58)与非活动组(SLEDAI评分小于或等于10分,n=42).另选取同期体检健康者47例作为对照组.检测NLR、PLR、MPV、血清补体C3(C3)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和红细胞沉降率(ESR),比较并分析各指标的相关性.结果 与对照组比较,SLE组患者NLR、PLR升高,MPV降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);经治疗后活动组SLE患者NLR、PLR、SLEDAI评分下降,MPV上升,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).SLE患者NLR、PLR和MPV均分别与SLEDAI评分、CRP、ESR及C3相关(NLR:r=0.779、0.622、0.684、-0.702;PLR:r=0.542、0.547、0.579、-0.618;MPV:r=0.236、-0.321、-0.347、0.318,P＜0.05).结论 NLR、PLR及MPV可以作为评估SLE疾病活动度的生物学指标.     

NLR、PLR、 RDW和 MPV在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期中的临床价值

目的：探讨中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板和淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)病情及治疗中的临床价值。方法：选择110例慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者,其中70例AECOPD患者作为急性加重组,40例COPD稳定期患者作为稳定组,同期100例健康体检者为对照组。检测各组的NLR、PLR、 RDW、 MPV和C-反应蛋白(CRP)的水平,对急性加重组治疗前后及稳定组、对照组两两之间进行比较;对急性加重组NLR、PLR、 RDW、 MPV和CRP的水平进行相关性分析。结果：急性加重组治疗前NLR、PLR、 RDW和CRP的水平显著高于稳定组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),MPV低于稳定组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);稳定组NLR、PLR、 RDW和CRP的水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),MPV低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);急性加重组治疗前NLR、PLR、 RDW和CRP的水平高于急性加重组治疗后,差异有统计学意义...     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者凝血功能的监测

目的研究老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)与AECOPD伴呼吸衰竭患者凝血检测的临床意义。方法抽选2013年5月至2014年5月我院收治的老年AECOPD患者96例,按照是否伴呼吸衰竭分为呼衰组(n=44)和AECOPD组(n=52),并选择同期在我院行健康体检并确认健康者50例作为对照组。采用Sysmex XE-5000全自动血细胞分析仪和Sysmex CS-5100全自动凝血分析仪检测三组患者凝血指标:血小板(PLT)、D二聚体(D-D)、血浆纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(a PTT);检测炎症指标:C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞计数(WBC);采用肺功能检测仪检测用力呼气肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)及血气指标Pa O_2、Pa CO_2。结果呼衰组D-D水平显著高于AECOPD组和对照组,且AECOPD组高于对照组,(P0.05);AECOPD组、呼衰组Fbg水平均高于对照组(P0.05),但两组组间比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。呼衰组、AECOPD组CRP、TNF-α、IL-8水平均高于对照组,且呼衰组显著高于AECOPD组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。呼衰组FEV1、FEV1/FVC、Pa O_2水平均低于AECOPD组低于对照组;Pa CO_2高于AECOPD组高于对照组,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论AECOPD伴呼吸衰竭患者存在高凝状态。     

血NT-proBNP CRP和NLR水平在评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并肺部感染患者预后的价值

目的:探究血N-末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)和嗜中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)水平在评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)合并肺部感染患者预后中的价值。方法:选择2019年12月至2021年12月医院收治的120例AECOPD合并肺部感染患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据患者预后情况将其分为存活组(n=86)与死亡组(n=34),比较两组一般资料,血NT-proBNP、CRP和NLR水平,三者在评估患者预后中的价值用受试者工作曲线(ROC)进行分析。结果:存活组血NT-proBNP、CRP和NLR水平均低于死亡组(P<0.05);采用ROC曲线分析结果显示：NLR的曲线下面积值(AUC)值最高,敏感度、特异度分别为73.53%、63.95%,以CRP的AUC值最低,敏感度、特异度分别为47.06%、82.56%(P>0.05),血NT-proBNP、CRP、NLR并联诊断后AUC为0.700,敏感度升高,为97.06%,特异度为43.02%。结论:血NT-proBNP、CRP和NLR在AECOPD合并肺部感染患者预后评估中具有较高的...     

降钙素原、C反应蛋白和D二聚体联合检测对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期病情评估的价值

目的探讨联合检测降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和D二聚体(D-D)水平变化在判断慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)严重程度中的应用价值。方法采集84例AECOPD患者入院24 h内检测外周血PCT、CRP和D-D,以同期社区老年健康体检者46例为对照组。结果 AECOPD患者按ATS/ERS和CAT分级(评分)两种方法分级分组后观察PCT、CRP和D-D,结果均高于健康对照组(P0.01或P0.05),且各严重性分级越高,其水平也越高。结论 AECOPD患者血浆PCT、CRP和D-D水平明显升高,且升高程度与AECOPD严重程度呈正相关,可作为AECOPD病情严重程度的一种判定指标。     

Pulmonary disease: pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and thromboembolic disease

Although many medical problems are generally managed in concert with a general medical physician, it is important for the podiatric physician to be familiar with some of the major diseases of the lung. Pneumonia, an infectious process within the lung, is the sixth-leading overall cause of death. Antibiotic treatment, oxygen administration, and supportive care are the mainstays of its therapy. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presents as a spectrum from chronic bronchitis, with a greater inflammatory component, to emphysema, with a more significant destructive component. Asthma, often a more episodic chronic obstructive disease, is characterized by inflammation of the airways leading to their narrowing. The work of breathing is often increased in these diseases, and treatment is with combination therapies with a focus on smoking cessation. Thromboembolic disease, the occlusion of blood vessels with consequent interruption of blood flow, may occur in a patient with risk factors, especially after surgery. Treatment is with anticoagulation agents or in some cases with thrombolysis. Prophylaxis is key.     

Oral antiplatelet therapy in cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, and peripheral arterial disease

Context  Atherothrombosis is a pathophysiologic process that results in clinical ischemic events affecting the cerebral, coronary, and peripheral arterial circulation. Antiplatelet agents, used alone or in combination, are effective in preventing recurrent vascular events among individuals with established vascular disease. Objective  To summarize the current state of evidence regarding oral antiplatelet treatment in patients with cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease (CAD), and peripheral arterial disease. Evidence Acquisition  Using the key terms acute coronary syndrome, atherothrombosis, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, MI, peripheral arterial disease, TIA, transient ischemic attack, unstable angina,aspirin,ticlopidine,dipyridamole, and clopidogrel, we searched the MEDLINE database as well as the trial register of the Cochrane Groups to identify studies published from 1960 to August 2004. We manually searched journals and abstract booklets; scrutinized reference lists of trials and review articles; and reviewed meta-analyses, scientific statements, and guidelines from official societies. Evidence Synthesis  Appropriate oral first-line antiplatelet therapy is aspirin for individuals with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; aspirin or clopidogrel for those with TIA or stroke, chronic stable angina, or peripheral arterial disease; and aspirin combined with clopidogrel for those with non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. Aspirin combined with dipyridamole is a possible alternative for patients who experience a first episode of TIA or stroke in the absence of clinically apparent CAD. Although ticlopidine has been shown to be of benefit in various vascular conditions, its adverse-effect profile has limited its use. Conclusions  Aspirin, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, aspirin combined with clopidogrel, and aspirin combined with dipyridamole are effective in preventing recurrent vascular events among various subgroups of patients with vascular disease. Current clinical trial evidence favors the use of aspirin or clopidogrel as first-line agents for the majority of patients with vascular disease. Clinical trials evaluating combination antiplatelet therapies will direct future practice.      

Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease

Objective

Adults with hypothalamic‐pituitary disease have increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the prevalence of CVD and adequacy of treatment of cardiovascular risk factors (according to current treatment guidelines) was studied in a large group of patients with hypothalamic‐pituitary disease.

Study design

In 2005, 152 consecutive adult patients with hypothalamic‐pituitary disease attending our neuro‐endocrine centre were clinically examined and blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, type 2 diabetes mellitus, body composition and smoking status were assessed.

Results

Of the 152 patients, 36.8% had treated hypertension and 28.2% had treated dyslipidaemia. Many of these patients had inadequate BP control (BP >140/85 mm Hg, 44.6%) and undesirable lipid levels (total cholesterol >4.0 mmol/l, 69%). Also, many of the untreated patients had BP and lipid levels which should have been considered for treatment (26 patients (27%) and 83 patients (76%), respectively). Smoking was admitted in 18% of patients. Central adiposity was present in 86% and obesity (body mass index ⩾30) was present in 50%.

Conclusions

Cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent and often inadequately treated in adult patients with hypothalamic‐pituitary disease. Aggressive treatment of these factors is essential to reduce mortality and morbidity from CVD in these patients.     

Platelets, aspirin, and cardiovascular disease

Aspirin was first synthesised 100 years ago and its preparation and marketing is generally reckoned to have been the foundation of the pharmaceutical industry. For most of the time since then it has been used for the relief of pain and fever. The modern phase of aspirin use commenced with the reporting in 1974 of a randomised controlled trial in the secondary prevention of death by low-dose aspirin given to patients who had suffered a myocardial infarct. Reports of other trials followed and an overview of the first six trials was presented to the inaugural meeting of the Society for Clinical Trials in Philadelphia in 1980. There have been two further major overviews and the most recent, based on 145 trials, established that low-dose aspirin reduces vascular events by around one third. It has been estimated that, used appropriately, aspirin could prevent 100,000 premature deaths each year worldwide, at a cost of about 250 Pounds ($400) per life saved, and about 80 Pounds ($130) per cardiovascular event prevented. The evidence indicates that it is seriously underused at present. The aspirin story continues and trials are in progress to test other possible uses of aspirin, in vascular dementia, colorectal cancer, and cataract.