Norditerpenoid and dianthramide glucoside alkaloids from cultivated<Emphasis Type="Italic">aconitum</Emphasis> species from Korea

A new norditerpene alkaloid named 8-O-methylhypaconine (1) was isolated along with twelve known alkaloids from the underground parts of an unknown species of Aconitum plant culti vated in Korea. Among the known alkaloids, two dianthramide glucosides, N-(2'-beta-glucopyra nosyl-5'-hydroxysalicyl)-5-hydroxyanthranilic acid methyl ester (2) and N-(2'-beta-glucopyranosyl-5'-hydroxysalicyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methoxyanthranilic acid methyl ester (3), were isolated from Aconitum plants for the first time. The structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods.     

露蕊乌头的二萜生物碱

从露蕊乌头(Aconitum gymnandrum Maxim)中分离到11个二萜生物碱,利用光谱方法确定结构,证明其中一个为新生物碱,命名为露乌定,其余10个分别鉴定为14-乙酰基-8-O-甲基-塔拉胺(tal-atisamine,Ⅱ)、acoforine(Ⅲ)、非洲防己碱(columbidine,Ⅳ)、乌头碱(aconitine,Ⅴ)、ranaeonitine(Ⅵ)、塔拉定(talatizidine,Ⅶ)、异塔拉定(isotalatizidine.Ⅷ)、露乌碱(gymanaconitine,Ⅸ)、塔拉胺(talatisamine,Ⅹ)和阿替辛盐酸盐(atisine.HCl)。其中碱Ⅱ为首次在自然界中发现,碱Ⅲ～Ⅶ为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

New Aconitine-Type C<Subscript>19</Subscript>-Diterpenoid Alkaloids from<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aconitum hemsleyanium</Emphasis> var.<Emphasis Type="Italic">circinacum</Emphasis>

Two new aconitine-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids, hemsleyanines C (1) and D (2), were isolated from the roots of Aconitum hemsleyanium var. circinacum, their structures were determined by the chemical evidence and spectral analyses.     

Diterpene Alkaloids of Aconitum kirinense Nakai I.Lepe-nine and Kirinine A

从毛茛科乌头属植物吉林乌头（ＡｃｏｎｉｔｕｍｋｉｒｉｎｉｎｅＮａｋａｉ）中分得两个Ｃ２０二萜生物碱ｌｅｐｅｎｉｎｅ（雷乌宁）和ｋｉｒｉｎｉｎｅＡ（吉乌碱甲），用化学和波谱方法鉴定了它们的结构，其中后者为新化合物。     

Norditerpenoid alkaloids and other components from the processed tubers ofaconitum carmichaeli

A new norditerpenoid and a known alkaloid were isolated from the alkaloidal fraction of the processed tubers of Aconitum carmichaeli. The structure of the new norditerpenoid alkaloid was elucidated as lipoforesaconitine (1) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The known norditerpenoid alkaloid was characterized as lipoyunanaconitine (2). In addition, a new flavonoid, 6"-O-acetylliquiritin (7), along with a known ceramide, (2S,3S,4R,8E)-2-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxylignoceroylamino]-8(E)-octadecene-1,3,4-triol (3), as well as a known steroid saponin, gracillin (8), and three known flavonoids, liquiritigenin (4), isoliquiritigenin (5), and liquiritin (6), were also isolated and characterized. All known compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. The structures of the isolates were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.     

湖北贝母属植物化学成分的研究*——ⅩⅢ湖贝甙的分离与结构解析

从湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis Hsiao et K.C.Hsia经干燥的鳞茎中分离出Ⅰ～Ⅳ4个生物碱,经理化常数测定和波谱分析,并与标准品对照,鉴定碱Ⅰ,Ⅱ和Ⅲ分别为浙贝甲素(veimine)、浙贝乙素(Peiminine)和鄂贝新(ebeiensine),其中鄂贝新咱湖北贝母中首次得到.碱Ⅳ是一种微量生物碱甙,C₃₃H₅₃NO₈,mp206～208℃,定名为湖贝甙(hupehemonoside),经IR,MS,¹HNMR和¹³CNMR解析,推定其结构为5α,14α,17β,22β-cevanine-20β-hydroxyl-6-oxo-3β-O-β-D-glucoside。     

Diterpenoid alkaloids from the aerial parts of Aconitum anthora L

Isolation and identification of six diterpenoid alkaloids, from Aconitum anthora L. are described. All proton detected 2D NMR techniques have been used for unambiguous 1H and 13C chemical shift assignments of guan-fu-base-Y (6). This is the first investigation of the diterpenoid alkaloids of this plant species.     

黄花乌头中Hetisine型生物碱的高速逆流色谱分离与结构鉴定

目的研究黄花乌头块根的化学成分，寻找更多天然活性物质。方法采用高速逆流色谱法分离纯化黄花乌头块根中的生物碱类化学成分，根据理化性质、波谱学分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果高速逆流色谱的两相溶剂分离系统采用氯仿-甲醇-0.2 mol·L^-1 HCl(体积比为10∶3∶3)，从黄花乌头块根中一次性分离得到8个化合物，分别鉴定为2α-propionyl-11α,13β-diacetyl-14-hydroxyhetisine (I)、关附巳素(II)、关附庚素(III)、关附己素(IV)、关附Z素(V)、关附辰素(VI)、关附甲素(VII)、关附壬素(VIII)。结论化合物I为新化合物，命名为关附未素(Guanfu base R)。     

Investigation of the diterpene alkaloids of Aconitum species native to the Carpathian Basin

Aconitum species accumulate highly toxic diterpene alkaloids, which have attracted considerable interest because of their complex structure, interesting chemistry and noteworthy physiological effects. The authors carried out phytochemical analysis of two Aconitum species native to the Carpathian Basin, aiming the isolation of diterpene alkaloids. The multistep chromatographic purification of the extracts of A. vulparia whole plant and A. toxicum root resulted in the isolation of 16 alkaloids. Structure elucidation by means of spectroscopic investigations revealed the presence of 3 (acovulparine, vulparine, acotoxinine) new and 13 already known compounds (anthranoyllycoctonine, delectinine, delcosine, finetiadine, lycoctonine, N-methyl-N-deethyllycocotine, septentriodine, aconitine, aconosine, dolaconine, neoline, songorine, songo-ramine). Alkaloids isolated from A. vulparia are C19 diterpene alkaloids possessing aconitane skeleton, whilst from A. toxicum two C20 diterpene alkaloids with napelline and five diterpene alkaloids with aconitane skeleton were identified. The pharmacological testing of the majority of the isolated compounds has not been reported in the literature yet. Since some of the diterpene alkaloids are structurally very similar to compounds which were active in different in vitro or in vivo experiments, the pharmacological testing of the alkaloids reported in this article seems to be reasonable. The investigation of the compounds may help to reveal structure-activity relationships as well.     

两个新的双去甲二萜生物碱高乌宁碱丁和高乌宁碱戊的结构研究

目的：研究高乌头Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai根的化学成分。方法：采用硅胶柱色谱及离心薄层色谱分离化学成分,IR, ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR, ¹H-¹H COSY, HMBC, HMQC, MS等方法进行结构鉴定。结果：得到两个双去甲二萜生物碱高乌宁碱丁(sinomontanine D, 1)和高乌宁碱戊(sinomontanine E, 2)。结论：化合物1,2为新的双去甲二萜生物碱。     

红果萝芙木弱碱部分的化学研究

萝芙木总碱“降压灵”已广泛应用于临床治疗高血压疾病,其降压作用缓和,付作用小。红果萝芙木Rauwolfia verticillata(Lour)Baill f.rubrocarpa H D Zhang mss为降压灵生产原料之一。我所曾在药理和化学方面作了研究。黄量等从该植物中分得     

白花瓜叶乌头中生物碱成份的研究

目的：研究白花瓜叶乌头（Aconitum hemsleyanum Pritz vor.laueanthus P.Guo et.M.R.Jia)根中生物碱成份。方法：pH与溶剂极性梯度萃取及硅胶层析。结果：从中分得7个已知去甲二萜生物碱,由光谱法分别鉴定为大渡乌碱1;13,15－dideoxyaconitine 2;indaconitine 3;crassicaudine4;塔拉萨敏5;查斯曼宁6;ezochasmanine 7。结论：这些化合物均首次从该植物中分离得到。     

白喉乌头中生物碱的研究

目的 研究白喉乌头Aconitum leucostomum Worosch.中的生物碱.方法 采用柱色谱法分离纯化得到单体化合物,通过多种波谱方法鉴定其结构.结果 分离得到了10个生物碱,分别为:高乌甲素(I)、dehydroacosanine(Ⅱ)、冉乌碱(Ⅲ)、宋果灵(Ⅳ)、乌头碱(Ⅴ)、新乌头碱(Ⅵ)、去氧刺乌头碱(Ⅶ)、spicatine A(Ⅷ)、印乌碱(Ⅸ)、puberuline C(Ⅹ).结论 化合物Ⅴ～Ⅹ为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

Recent studies on traditional Chinese medicinal plants

This review will discuss several new drugs which were discovered and developed in recent years from traditional Chinese medicines by the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica. Huperzine A was isolated from Huperzia serrata, a plant used for the treatment of contusion, strain, haematuria, and swelling in Chinese folk medicine. Pharmacological studies have indicated that huperzine A has powerful and reversible anticholinesterase activity. Y-maze methods have shown that huperzine A improves learning and retrieval processes, and facilitates memory retention. Huperzine A is used to treat patients with myasthenia gravis and Alzheimer's disease in China. Sarmentosin, a cyanogenic glucoside was isolated from the whole plant of Sedum sarmentosium. This plant has long been used to treat hepatitis by folk medicine. Sarmentosin significantly lowers the SGPT level of patients suffering from chronic viral hepatitis, and shows a suppressive effect on cell-mediated immune responses in mice. The root of Aconitum is well known in traditional Chinese medicine. Many Aconitum alkaloids have been isolated. Most show potent bioactivities, but with severe toxicity. Recently, some alkaloids such as 3-acetylaconitine, lappaconitine, have shown significant anesthetic activity and exhibit a higher therapeutic index. Guan-fu base A was isolated from the tuber root of Aconitum coreanum. Guan-fu base A has antiarrhythmic action and is now in clinical trials. Drug Dev. Res. 39:147–157. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

The alkaloidal pattern in the leaves,stem-bark and root-bark of Mitragyna species from Ghana

The leaves, stem-bark and root-bark of Mitragyna ciliata, M. inermis and M. stipulosa have been examined quantitatively and qualitatively for alkaloids. In addition, the plant parts of M. stipulosa collected at 12 regular monthly intervals have been similarly examined. The presence of mitraphylline in the leaves of this plant and the absence of indole alkaloids was confirmed. The predominant leaf alkaloids are oxindoles of the A series, those of the stem- and root-bark, oxindoles of the B series. Whereas the general alkaloidal pattern of M. ciliata appears similar to that of M. inermis rather than M. stipulosa, a more detailed study suggests that M. ciliata and M. inermis have a distinctly different metabolic pattern in relation to the C(9)-OMe alkaloids.     

湖北贝母属植物化学成分的研究——Ⅹ.紫花鄂北贝母生物碱的分离与鉴定

紫花鄂北贝母FritiItaria ebeiensis var.pvrpvreaG.D.Yu et P.Li系贝母属植物新变种,从它的鳞茎中分离到Ⅰ～Ⅶ个生物碱。经理化常数测定和波谱分析,并与标准品对照,鉴定碱Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ和Ⅳ分别为浙贝甲素(peimine)、浙贝乙素(peiminine)、鄂贝甲素(ebeinine)和鄂贝乙素(ebeinone)。碱Ⅵ为新的异甾生物碱,定名为紫鄂贝碱(ziebeimine),其结构鉴定为5α,14α-cevanine-13,17-dehydro-3α,6β-diol。碱Ⅴ和Ⅶ的结构尚待鉴定。     

露蕊乌头生物碱的研究(Ⅰ)

从藏药露蕊乌头(Aconitum gymnandrum Maxim)中分得四个生物碱,经化学和光谱鉴定,其中两个为已知生物碱atisine.Hcl(A)和talatisamine(B),另两个为新的二萜类生物碱,分别命名为露乌碱,(C)(gymnaconitine)和甲基露乌碱(D)(mgthyl gymnaconitine),这两种新的生物碱均联接有二甲基咖啡酸酯:在乌头生物碱中是首次发现。     

Chemical studies on monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from medicinal plant resources <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gelsemium</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ophiorrhiza</Emphasis>

We have proved that the plant of origin of “Yakatsu”, one of the ancient medicines stored in Shosoin Repository, is Gelsemium elegans (Loganiaceae). Exhaustive investigation of the alkaloids in this plant as well as its closely related plant, G. sempervirens, resulted in the isolation of more than 50 compounds, including new gelsedine-, sarpagine-, and yohimbane-type alkaloids. Pharmacological study of representative and new Gelsemium alkaloids revealed that the gelsedine-type alkaloids exhibit potent cytotoxic activity against the A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell line. It was found that Ophiorrhiza pumila (Rubiaceae) produces a remarkable anti-tumor alkaloid, camptothecin, and its related alkaloids, including new compounds that might be the biogenetic precursors of camptothecin. Chemical investigation of callus cultures, regenerated plants, and hairy roots of O. pumila revealed that the regenerated plants and the hairy roots produce almost the same alkaloids, including camptothecin, as do the wild-type plants.     

不同产地哈萨克药材白喉乌头中总生物碱含量的分析

目的测定不同产地白喉乌头所含总生物碱的含量。方法采用索式提取法对药材进行提取,结合酸溶碱沉和萃取的方法从药材中提取白喉乌头总生物碱;利用紫外光谱对经过酸性染料络合的生物碱进行分析,检测其中总生物碱的含量。结果新源县、巩留县和昭苏县所产白喉乌头原药材中含有总生物碱分别为2.246,4.682和3.597 mg.g 1;回归方程为Y=11.5X+0.121,r=0.999 6,乌头碱浓度在6～36μg.mL 1内呈良好的线性关系。结论采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定不同产地白喉乌头中总生物碱的含量,具有操作简便、结果准确的特点;其结果可为该药材的活性和毒性物质基础研究提供依据。     

宣威乌头中生物碱成分的研究

目的 研究宣威乌头Aconitum nagarumvar lasiandrum中的生物碱成分.方法 采用酸提碱沉法提取总碱、硅胶层析法分离,用波谱法鉴定结构.结果和结论 从宣威乌头中分得10个单体化合物,应用光谱法鉴定了其结构为:光翠雀碱(denudatine)、宋果灵(songorine)、delnuttaline等3个C20-二萜生物碱和尼奥灵(neoline)、3-去氧乌头碱(3-deoxyaconitine)、8-methoxy-14-benzoylaconine、伏乌碱(flavaconitine)、异塔拉萨敏(isotalatizidine)、乌头碱(aconitine)和nevadensine等7个C19-二萜生物碱.