骨间前神经卡压征的电生理研究

目的分析总结骨间前神经卡压征的神经电生理特点,探讨其对骨间前神经卡压征的诊断意义。方法对12例骨间前神经卡压征患者进行神经电生理检测：（1）惠侧及对侧骨间前神经运动潜伏期及复合肌肉动作电位波幅：（2）患侧正中神经运动、感觉传导速度及复合肌肉动作电位、感觉动作电位波幅：（3）患侧拇短展肌、指浅屈肌、旋前方肌、拇长屈肌肌电图。结果10例骨间前神经运动潜伏期延长;12例骨间前神经复合肌肉动作电位波幅降低;12例正中神经运动、感觉传导速度及复合肌肉动作电位、感觉动作电位波幅正常：12例旋前方肌、10例拇长屈肌肌电图示神经性损害;12例拇短展肌、指浅屈肌肌电图正常。结论骨间前神经卡压征的神经电生理表现特点为：骨间前神经运动传导潜伏期延长及复合肌肉动作电位波幅降低,其支配肌肉肌电图示神经性损害,而正中神经运动及感觉传导正常．其支配肌肉肌电图正常。骨间前神经卡压征的神经电生理表现可为该病提供客观、准确的诊断与鉴别诊断依据。     

颈交感神经在臂丛神经慢性卡压伤中的作用

目的 研究颈交感神经在臂丛神经慢性卡压伤中的作用.方法 24只雄性SD大鼠,随机分成A、B、C三组,每组8只.A组:臂丛神经下干慢性卡压模型;B组:臂丛神经下干慢性卡压模型,加颈中交感神经节切除;C组:对照组.3个月后,各组进行神经电生理检测第一骨间肌复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP),记录其波幅和潜伏期;切取臂丛神经下干卡压远侧3 mn神经干和C组臂丛神经下干,行甲苯脓蓝染色,半薄横切片,计数有髓神经纤维;切取C8、T1背根神经节,用RT-PCR方法检测背根节中P物质(SP) mRNA.结果 神经电生理检测CMAP波幅:A组(2.2± 1.1)mV,B组(3.9±1.1)mV,C组(8.6±2.0)mV;A组＜B组＜C组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).潜伏期:A组(4.8±0.9)ms,B组(3.9±0.5)ms,C组(2.8±0.2)ms;A组＞B组＞C组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).有髓神经纤维总数:A组(3583.0±540.0),B组(5098.0±742.0),C组(7934.0±868.0);A组＜B组＜C组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).P物质mRNA表达水平:A组(3.6±0.8)×10-2,B组(2.2±0.7)×10-2,C组(1.2±0.3)×10-2;A组＞B组＞C组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 在交感神经作用下,臂丛神经慢性卡压伤的损伤程度加重,背根神经节中疼痛介质P物质表达增强,去交感神经有利于减轻臂丛神经慢性卡压伤损伤程度,有利于减轻因卡压引起的疼痛.交感神经激惹可能是臂丛神经慢性卡压性疾病发展的一个协同因素.     

肘关节体位对尺神经电生理检查的影响

为了解肘关节体位改变时肘段风神经电生理变化，于１９９１年３月至１９９１年１２月对１５侧肘管综合征患者进行测试．在极度屈肘位时，肘段风神经长度平均比伸肘位增加２．１２±０．６１ｃｍ。术前屈肘位时肘段尺神经潜伏期比伸肘位延长１．１７±１．１５ｍｓ。术中尺神经从肘管松解出来前，屈肘位潜伏期比伸肘位延长１．４３±１．３８ｍｓ。本组术前和术中松解前，屈肘位潜伏期比伸肘位延长超过０．４ｍｓ的占９０％．因此可作为肘段尺神经卡压的电生理诊断依据之一。屈肘位时肘段尺神经长度增加，若不影响潜伏期，则传导速度加快；若加重了卡压，引起潜伏期延长．则使传导速度减慢。     

大鼠改良颈7移位术的电生理研究

目的观察改良颈7移位术修复二组受损神经的电生理变化.方法建立大鼠颈7改良移位术模型（同侧颈7神经根后股,经同侧尺神经作为桥接神经分为两股与肌皮神经和正中神经内侧头缝合）,并与传统单组移位组进行神经电生理测定和比较.结果移位神经的各项电生理指标显示：术后早期（2～6周）,颈7二组神经移位组神经再生劣于同时间段单组移位组.随观察时间的延长,术后8周起,二组神经移位组肌电动作电位潜伏期及最大诱发电位波幅指标逐渐接近单组移位组和正常对照组,至12周上述指标与各组差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论大鼠改良颈7移位术电生理变化和传统单组移位术相近,说明颈7具有良好的再生潜力,可同时支配两组受损神经.     

神经束膜吻合术与神经外膜吻合术治疗尺神经损伤的效果比较

目的比较神经束膜吻合术和神经外膜吻合术治疗腕部尺神经损伤的效果。方法将80例腕部尺神经断裂伤患者按治疗方法分为神经束膜吻合组(42例)与神经外膜吻合组(38例)。比较两组患者术后尺神经传导速度、复合肌肉动作电位波幅和临床疗效。结果患者均获得12个月随访。术后3、6、12个月,尺神经传导速度、复合肌肉动作电位波幅神经束膜吻合组明显优于神经外膜吻合组(P 0.001)。术后12个月临床疗效优良率神经束膜吻合组(81.0%)高于神经外膜吻合组(47.4%)(P 0.05)。结论神经束膜吻合术治疗腕部尺神经损伤的效果优于神经外膜吻合术。     

肌电图辅助定位小切口尺神经松解术治疗肘管综合征

目的 评价肌电图辅助定位小切口尺神经松解术治疗肘管综合征的疗效及手术适应证.方法 选取无明显手内在肌萎缩及肘关节畸形,具有典型临床症状和体征的肘管综合征患者12例,术前通过神经短节段传导(short-segment nerve conduction test,SSCT)检测的方法,以相邻两次动作电位波幅下降＞50%或潜伏期差＞0.5ms为定位标准,对上述患者进行卡压点定位,采用小切口局部尺神经松解术式,并观察卡压点术中与术前定位比较.结果 术中观测结果证明尺神经损害部位位于肱骨内上髁上方3 cm到肱骨内上髁下方1cm之间,与术前SSCT法检测卡压部位相符.12例术后均主诉手部有明显轻松感;术后3个月感觉异常全部恢复,刺痛觉及爪形指恢复,捏力和抓握力恢复;术后6个月时小指展肌肌力已完全恢复至正常,两点分辨觉平均为5.0 mm,神经传导速度(NCV)均＞45.0 m/s,波幅开始增加,SSCT无阳性发现;术后1年肌肉萎缩基本恢复,屈肘试验、肘部Tinel征、夹纸试验阴性,7例肌电图无阳性发现,1例NCV仍低于正常标准,但无临床症状及体征.术中观察神经卡压位置与术前肌电图定位相符.结论 肌电图辅助定位小切口尺神经松解术治疗肘管综合征是一种有效的方法.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of in situ ulnar nerve decompression at the cubital tunnel via a small incision assisted with electromyography localization and discuss the surgical indications.Methods Twelve patients who were diagnosed with idiopathic cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) without intrinsic muscle atrophy and elbow deformity were involved in the study.Before the operation, short-segment nerve conduction test (SSCT) was carried out.The exact compression site was determined by the ＞ 50%reduction in amplitude or ＞ 0.5 ms lengthening in latency of action potentials recorded upon stimulation of the ulnar nerve around the elbow at 1 cm intervals.An in situ ulnar nerve release at the compression site was performed.Compression of the ulnar nerve was observed and documented to verify the accuracy of pre-operative SSCT localization.Results Intraoperative findings confirmed that lesions were located from 3 cm above to 1 cm below the medial epicondyle, which coincided with the compression sites determined by SSCT.All the patients reported alleviation of hand discomfort postoperatively.Follow-up at 3 months postoperatively showed that paresthesia in the distribution of the ulnar nerve in the hand disappeared.Pinprick sensation recovered.There was no subjective or measurable weakness in pinch or grip strength and no clumsiness or loss of coordination.Claw deformity disappeared.Six months after the surgery, the strength of abductor digiti minimi returned to normal.Two-point discrimination of the little finger was 5.0 mm on average.Nerve conduction velocity returned to ＞ 45.0 m/s.Action potential amplitude increased and SSCT yielded no positive findings.Mild atrophy was reversed one year postoperatively.Elbow flexion test, Tinel' s sign and Froment' s test were all negative.Conclusion In situ ulnar nerve decompression via a small incision assisted with electromyography localization is a suitable procedure for certain CuTS cases.     

肘部尺神经卡压的定位诊断和电生理学研究

目的：对肘部尺神经卡压进行精确定位和电生理学研究。方法：对４６例临床诊断为肘部尺神经卡压患者，除进行常规ＥＭＧ、ＮＣＶ、和尺神经混合神经动作电位（ＭＮＡＰ）测定以外，还进行尺神经短段传导时间（ｓｈｏｒｔｓｅｇｍｅｎｔｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｔｉｍｅ，ＳＳＣＴ）测定。结果：４６例经ＳＳＣＴ测定，发现了卡压最常发生的４个部位，即肱骨内上髁后神经沟、肱尺弓、尺侧腕屈肌的出口和内侧肌间隔。结论：和传统的电生理测定方法相比较，ＳＳＣＴ技术可以更精确地对尺神经卡压进行定位诊断     

耳脑胶联合生物蛋白海绵修复大鼠面神经损伤的实验研究

目的 探讨应用耳脑胶及生物蛋白海绵修复大鼠面神经损伤的效果.方法 以成年Wistar大鼠的一侧面神经颊支损伤为实验模型,将30只雄性大鼠随机分为3组进行实验,每组10只,实验组1为胶粘组、实验组2为小间隙加胶粘组、对照组为外膜缝合组.术后8周,采用大体观察、神经电生理测定和组织学观察,每组余2只取标本做透射电镜观察,评价面神经再生和功能恢复情况.结果 组1、组2的面神经吻合口内肉芽组织很少,吻合口处瘢痕很小,可见神经生长良好,均未形成神经瘤;组1和对照组在神经吻合部位远端电刺激后口轮匝肌处神经动作电位潜伏期和波幅的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而组2和对照组在神经吻合部位远端电刺激后口轮匝肌处神经动作电位潜伏期和波幅的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);透射电镜观察组1再生神经纤维中有髓神经纤维排列整齐,髓鞘结构基本接近正常,组2再生神经中髓鞘数量多,厚度基本接近正常,板层结构质密,神经丝完好.结论 耳脑胶粘合修复大鼠面神经具有与外膜缝合同样的效果,并且手术操作简便;耳脑胶联合生物蛋白海绵修复大鼠面神经效果较好,优于外膜缝合法.     

大鼠尺神经功能储备的实验研究

目的 研究尺神经部分束支切取后主干功能变化,提出"周围神经功能储备"的概念,探讨其功能储备量.方法 取3月龄SD大鼠220只,雌雄各半,体重300～350 g.随机分为实验组和对照组(n=110),再根据尺神经切取比例将实验组分为1/8组、1,4组、1/3组、1/2组和2/3组(n=22).根据分组情况,各实验组在10倍手术显微镜下,用微细玻璃针交叉定位的方法切取相应比例尺神经束;对照组于相同平面仅分离神经柬.观察术后大鼠一般情况,于术后1、2周及2个月检测脊髓前角α运动神经元;术后2周,2、3及4个月.行电生理学及支配肌功能学检测.结果 术后大鼠均存活至实验完成,切口无感染,肢端无明显溃疡.各实验组间脊髓前角α运动神经元数量无明显变化(P＞0.05).1/2组和2/3组于术后1周及2周的超微结构变化明显,其他各组变化不明显:术后2个月后各组均恢复正常.术后各时间点,各实验组诱发电位潜伏期与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);各实验组同组术后2、3及4个月诱发电位潜伏期与术后2周比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其余各时间点间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后各时间点,各实验组诱发电位波幅、支配肌最大强直收缩力波幅和持续时间分别与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);各实验组同组术后2、3及4个月分别与术后2周比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);其余各时间点间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 尺神经功能良好代偿的功能储备量为其主干直径的1/3.     

平山病患者屈颈位F波的变化

目的 探讨平山病患者屈颈位与颈椎中立位F波的差异.方法 本研究于2010年5月至2014年3月施行,共纳入健康志愿者25名及平山病患者22例.平山病患者均为男性,年龄15 ～44岁,身高165 ～183 cm,病程6～240个月.所有研究对象于颈椎中立位及屈曲位(屈曲45 °,维持30 min)时分别行双侧正中神经及尺神经F波检测.组间数据比较采用独立样本t检验,中立位及屈颈位的比较采用配对资料t检验或Fisher确切概率法.结果 对照组屈颈位和中立位F波诸参数差异无统计学意义,且无论屈颈与否都未记录到重复F波.患者组中立位时,症状较重侧尺神经F波的响应频率(=5.209,P=0.000)、最小潜伏期(t=23.843,P=0.006)及平均潜伏期(t=4.731,P =0.022)等参数都较对照组下降或延长,3例患者出现重复F波;正中神经F波的异常则主要为双侧响应频率的明显下降(t=23.696、23.998,均P=0.000),且症状较重侧5例患者存在重复F波.屈颈位时,症状较重侧尺神经F波的平均波幅(t=-3.322,P=0.003)、最大波幅(t=-2.552,P=0.019)、持续时间(t=-3.323,P=0.003)、响应频率(t=-2.604,P=0.017)及重复F波的数目(9/22)(P=0.044)都较颈椎中立位时明显增加,并且10例尺神经F波消失的患者5例再次诱发F波;而症状较重侧正中神经则主要以平均波幅(t=-2.188,P=0.040)、最大波幅(t=-3.847,P=0.001)及响应频率(t=-2.421,P=0.025)的增加为主要表现,并且6例正中神经F波消失的患者1例再次诱发F波.结论 平山病患者屈颈位F波较颈椎中立位时存在明显的规律性改变,尤以F波波幅的异常增大最为明显.     

Ulnar Nerve Pressure: Influence of Arm Position and Relationship to Somatosensory Evoked Potentials

Background: Although the ulnar nerve is the most frequent site of perioperative neuropathy, the mechanism remains undefined. The ulnar nerve appears particularly susceptible to external pressure as it courses through the superficial condylar groove at the elbow, rendering it vulnerable to direct compression and ischemia. However, there is disagreement among major anesthesia textbooks regarding optimal positioning of the arm during anesthesia.

Methods: To determine which arm position (supination, neutral orientation, or pronation) minimizes external pressure applied to the ulnar nerve, we studied 50 awake, normal volunteers using a computerized pressure sensing mat. An additional group of 15 subjects was tested on an operating Table withtheir arm in 30 [degree sign], 60 [degree sign], and 90 [degree sign] of abduction, as well as in supination, neutral orientation, and pronation. To determine the onset of clinical paresthesia compared to the onset and severity of somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) electrophysiologic changes, we studied a separate group of 16 male volunteers while applying intentional pressure directly to the ulnar nerve. Data are presented as mean (median; range).

Results: Supination minimizes direct pressure over the ulnar nerve at the elbow (2 mmHg [0; 0-23]; n = 50), compared with both neutral forearm orientation (69 mmHg [22; 0-220]; P < 0.0001), as well as pronation (95 mmHg [61; 0-220]; P < 0.0001). Neutral forearm orientation also results in significantly less pressure over the ulnar nerve compared to pronation (P or= to 20% in N9-N9' amplitude) were detected in 15 of 16 awake males during application of intentional pressure to the ulnar nerve. However, eight of these subjects did not perceive a paresthesia, even as SSEP waveform amplitudes were decreasing 23-72%. Two of these eight subjects manifested severe decreases in SSEP amplitude (>or= to 60%).     

Neuropathy in type 1 diabetic renal transplanted patients

This study was undertaken to study the changes in neuropathy in type 1 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) after renal transplantation. From April 2007 to June 2010, 30 renal transplanted patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (RT) and 30 type 1 diabetic patients with ESRD were enrolled in this study. Electroneurodiagnostic tests of peroneal, sural, ulnar, and median nerves were performed. Nerve conduction velocity (NCV), compound motor action potentials (CMAPs), and sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) were analyzed at 6, 12, and 18 months after renal transplantation. The NCV improved in the RT group in 18 months of the follow-up period (P <0.01 versus baseline). This parameter worsened significantly in the control group throughout the study period (P = 0.03), but in the cross-sectional analysis between the groups, we could not find any remarkable differences (P = 0.07). Both SNAP and CMAP amplitudes improved in the RT (SNAP Sural = 0.04, SNAP Median = 0.01 and CAMP Peroneal = 0.03, CAMP Ulnar = 0.02) but worsened in the control group (SNAP Sural < 0.001, SAP Median < 0.01 and CAMP Peroneal < 0.01, CAMP Ulnar < 0.01). Comparison of both groups did not show any significant statistical changes. Electroneurodiagnostic values improved after renal transplantation in type 1 diabetic patients with ESRD, but cross-sectional analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences between the studied groups.     

内窥镜技术结合NAP早期判断尺神经缝合后再生质量的临床应用

目的介绍应用内窥镜技术结合测定神经干动作电位(nerve action potention，NAP)以早期判断肘部尺神经缝合后再生质量的新技术。方法对7例尺神经断伤后直接修复者，通过2个1．5cm长的切口，在内窥镜下行缝合神经的探查、松解术及功能性电刺激5～10min。测定神经松解术前后的NAP，比较其波幅及神经传导速度以判断神经的再生质量及手术效果。结果术中6例神经松解术前的NAP示有效神经再生，但经神经松解及功能性电刺激后尺神经缝合口远端的NAP波幅与神经传导速度比术前分别改善了30％和9．8％。1例患者神经缝合口瘢痕增生严重，且邻近肱动脉，改行开放性手术。结论内窥镜技术结合神经松解术前的NAP测定，可早期判断神经缝合后的再生质量。内窥镜下同时作神经粘连松解、功能性电刺激，结合神经松解后NAP的测定结果，证实该技术可提高尺神经修复后的治疗效果。     

Ulnar nerve pressure: influence of arm position and relationship to somatosensory evoked potentials.

BACKGROUND: Although the ulnar nerve is the most frequent site of perioperative neuropathy, the mechanism remains undefined. The ulnar nerve appears particularly susceptible to external pressure as it courses through the superficial condylar groove at the elbow, rendering it vulnerable to direct compression and ischemia However, there is disagreement among major anesthesia textbooks regarding optimal positioning of the arm during anesthesia. METHODS: To determine which arm position (supination, neutral orientation, or pronation) minimizes external pressure applied to the ulnar nerve, we studied 50 awake, normal volunteers using a computerized pressure sensing mat. An additional group of 15 subjects was tested on an operating table with their arm in 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees of abduction, as well as in supination, neutral orientation, and pronation. To determine the onset of clinical paresthesia compared to the onset and severity of somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) electrophysiologic changes, we studied a separate group of 16 male volunteers while applying intentional pressure directly to the ulnar nerve. Data are presented as mean (median; range). RESULTS: Supination minimizes direct pressure over the ulnar nerve at the elbow (2 mmHg [0; 0-23]; n = 50), compared with both neutral forearm orientation (69 mmHg [22; 0-220]; P < 0.0001), as well as pronation (95 mmHg [61; 0-220]; P < 0.0001). Neutral forearm orientation also results in significantly less pressure over the ulnar nerve compared to pronation (P < or = 0.04). The estimated contact area of the ulnar nerve with the weight-bearing surface was significantly (P < 0.0001) smaller in the supine position (2.2 cm2 [0.5; 0-9]; n = 50) compared with both neutral orientation (5.5 cm2 [5.0; 0-13]) and pronation (5.8 cm2 [6; 0-12]). With the forearm in neutral orientation, ulnar nerve pressure decreased significantly (P < or = 0.01; n = 15) as the arm was abducted at the shoulder from 0 degrees to 90 degrees. In the 16 male subjects tested, notable alterations in ulnar nerve SSEP signals (decrease > or = 20% in N9-N9' amplitude) were detected in 15 of 16 awake males during application of intentional pressure to the ulnar nerve. However, eight of these subjects did not perceive a paresthesia, even as SSEP waveform amplitudes were decreasing 23-72%. Two of these eight subjects manifested severe decreases in SSEP amplitude (> or = 60%). CONCLUSIONS: Extrapolating these results to the clinical setting, the supinated arm position is likely to minimize pressure over the ulnar nerve. With the forearm in neutral orientation, pressure over the ulnar nerve decreases as the arm is abducted between 30 degrees and 90 degrees. In addition, up to one half of male patients may fail to perceive or experience clinical symptoms of ulnar nerve compression sufficient to elicit SSEP changes.     

超声引导下不同入路臂丛神经阻滞在桡骨远端手术中效果的比较

目的 比较超声引导下不同入路臂丛神经阻滞(肌间沟、腋路、锁骨上)在桡骨远端手术中的麻醉效果. 方法 90例择期行“桡骨远端骨折切开复位内固定术”或“桡骨远端骨折术后内固定取出手术”的成年患者,在超声引导下行臂丛神经阻滞,按照随机数字表法分为3组(每组30例):肌间沟入路臂丛神经阻滞组(A组)、腋路臂丛神经阻滞组(B组)、锁骨上入路臂丛神经阻滞组(C组).记录操作时间、镇痛持续时间,测定桡神经、尺神经、正中神经、前臂外侧皮神经和前臂内侧皮神经分布区的痛觉消失时间,评价感觉阻滞效果、麻醉效果及并发症的发生情况. 结果 3组患者基本资料与操作时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).3组的镇痛持续时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).3组桡神经、正中神经、前臂外侧皮神经痛觉消失时间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A组和C组患者尺神经痛觉消失时间比较[(21±6) min比(20±5) min],差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但均长于B组[(8±5)min](P＜0.05);A组和C组前臂内侧皮神经痛觉消失时间比较[(18±6) min比(17±6) min],差异亦无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但与B组[(10±6) min]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).B组麻醉效果优秀率最高(90％).A组和C组分别有2例和1例患者出现膈神经阻滞,B组有1例患者止血带不耐受. 结论 超声引导下腋路臂丛神经阻滞时尺神经及前臂内侧皮神经痛觉消失时间短,在桡骨远端手术中麻醉优秀率高、并发症少.     

构建猕猴组织工程化周围神经的实验研究

目的评价组织工程化周围神经修复猕猴4cm尺神经缺损的实验效果,为临床研究提供资料。方法分别用6种移植物桥接4cm尺神经缺损。A组:自体BMSCs 去细胞同种异体神经支架;B组:自体SCs 去细胞同种异体神经支架;C组:自体BMSCs PLGA支架导管;D组:去细胞同种异体神经支架;E组:PLGA支架导管;F组:自体神经。通过功能学、神经电生理学及组织学研究评价各自的实验效果。结果A、B、C三种组织工程化神经实验组,术后6个月神经电生理和组织学检查,能引起小鱼际肌群产生复合动作电位的潜伏期、复合动作电位的最大振幅、神经传导速度和再生的神经纤维数目与自体神经移植组(F组)相比差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),但分别大于未加细胞的支架组(D、E组),差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论用自体源SCs或BMSCs作种子细胞与去细胞同种异体神经支架,或自体源BMSCs与PLGA支架导管构建不同的组织工程化周围神经,修复猕猴4cm尺神经缺损均取得较好的效果。     

丁卡因和罗哌卡因对大鼠臂丛神经毒性的比较

目的 比较丁卡因和罗哌卡因对大鼠臂丛神经的毒性.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠48只,体重410～430 g,随机分为8组(n=6):NS组、D1-3组和R1-4组.各组大鼠随机选取一侧腋鞘,分别注射生理盐水1ml,0.25%、0.5%、1%丁卡因0.5 ml,0.25%、0.5%、1%罗哌卡因1 ml,2%罗哌卡因0.5 ml.以另一侧作为对照,注射后5 d时,测定臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅及传导速度(NCV).结果 与对照侧比较,D2,3,组和R3,4组注射侧臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅降低,NCV减慢(P<0.05);与NS组注射侧比较,D2,3组和R3,4组臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅降低,NCV减慢(P<0.05);与D1组注射侧比较,D2,3组臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅降低,NCV减慢(P<0.05);与D2组注射侧比较,D3组臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅降低,NCV减慢,R2组臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅升高,NCV加快(P<0<05);与D1组注射侧比较,R3组臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅升高,NCV加快(P<0.05);与R1-3组注射侧比较,R4组臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅降低,NCV减慢(P<0.05).结论 等效剂量丁卡因对臂丛神经的毒性较罗哌卡因大.     

丁卡因和罗哌卡因对大鼠臂丛神经毒性的比较

目的 比较丁卡因和罗哌卡因对大鼠臂丛神经的毒性.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠48只,体重410～430 g,随机分为8组(n=6):NS组、D1-3组和R1-4组.各组大鼠随机选取一侧腋鞘,分别注射生理盐水1ml,0.25%、0.5%、1%丁卡因0.5 ml,0.25%、0.5%、1%罗哌卡因1 ml,2%罗哌卡因0.5 ml.以另一侧作为对照,注射后5 d时,测定臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅及传导速度(NCV).结果 与对照侧比较,D2,3,组和R3,4组注射侧臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅降低,NCV减慢(P<0.05);与NS组注射侧比较,D2,3组和R3,4组臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅降低,NCV减慢(P<0.05);与D1组注射侧比较,D2,3组臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅降低,NCV减慢(P<0.05);与D2组注射侧比较,D3组臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅降低,NCV减慢,R2组臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅升高,NCV加快(P<0<05);与D1组注射侧比较,R3组臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅升高,NCV加快(P<0.05);与R1-3组注射侧比较,R4组臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅降低,NCV减慢(P<0.05).结论 等效剂量丁卡因对臂丛神经的毒性较罗哌卡因大.     

cNO期甲状腺微小乳头状癌中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素及预防性清扫的临床分析

目的 探讨临床颈淋巴结阴性(cN0期)甲状腺微小乳头状癌中央区淋巴结转移的临床特点及预防性清扫的意义及可行性,为临床治疗提供参考.方法 回顾性分析2011年7月-2015年12月在连云港市东方医院普外科接受手术的277例cN0期甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者的临床资料,评估预防性中央区淋巴结清扫的必要性,采用x2检验及Logistic回归分析中央区淋巴结转移与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤数目、肿瘤大小、包膜浸润、单双侧肿瘤的关系.277例患者全部行原发灶根治性切除加患侧中央区淋巴结清扫术,清扫标本送检常规病理检查.结果 甲状腺微小乳头状癌中央区淋巴结转移阳性率为36.8％(102/277),在男性患者(P=0.023)、年龄＜45岁(P＜0.001)和肿瘤直径＞0.5 cm(P =0.019)中阳性率高;通过多变量分析可以表明男性患者(OR =2.63,P＜0.001)、年龄＜45岁(OR =2.25,P=0.016)、肿瘤直径＞0.5 cm(OR =2.13,P=0.009)均能独立作为CLN转移的危险因素.15例(5.4％)出现暂时性喉返神经麻痹,43例(15.5％)出现暂时性甲状旁腺功能低下,无永久性喉返神经麻痹和甲状旁腺功能低下并发症患者.结论 预防性中央区淋巴结的清扫有助于准确进行肿瘤的分期分级以及危险度的评估,对患者术后治疗随访方案的选择有重要意义,对于男性、年龄＜45岁、肿瘤直径＞0.5 cm、有包膜浸润的患者应常规行中央区淋巴结清扫.     

丁卡因和罗哌卡因对大鼠臂丛神经毒性的比较

目的 比较丁卡因和罗哌卡因对大鼠臂丛神经的毒性.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠48只,体重410～430 g,随机分为8组(n=6):NS组、D1-3组和R1-4组.各组大鼠随机选取一侧腋鞘,分别注射生理盐水1ml,0.25%、0.5%、1%丁卡因0.5 ml,0.25%、0.5%、1%罗哌卡因1 ml,2%罗哌卡因0.5 ml.以另一侧作为对照,注射后5 d时,测定臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅及传导速度(NCV).结果 与对照侧比较,D2,3,组和R3,4组注射侧臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅降低,NCV减慢(P<0.05);与NS组注射侧比较,D2,3组和R3,4组臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅降低,NCV减慢(P<0.05);与D1组注射侧比较,D2,3组臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅降低,NCV减慢(P<0.05);与D2组注射侧比较,D3组臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅降低,NCV减慢,R2组臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅升高,NCV加快(P<0<05);与D1组注射侧比较,R3组臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅升高,NCV加快(P<0.05);与R1-3组注射侧比较,R4组臂丛神经动作电位的最大振幅降低,NCV减慢(P<0.05).结论 等效剂量丁卡因对臂丛神经的毒性较罗哌卡因大.