头胸导联心电图诊断冠心病的价值

目的 :比较 Wilson导联心电图 （常规 ECG）和头胸导联心电图 （HCECG）对冠心病的诊断价值。方法 :在 14 3例经选择性冠状动脉造影 （CAG）患者中 ,确诊的冠心病患者 12 9例 .分别使用常规心电图机和头胸导联心电图机非同步记录常规 ECG和 HCECG图形 ,由专业人员盲法分析其结果 ,评价二种方法对冠心病的诊断价值。结果 :常规 ECG诊断冠心病的灵敏度、特异度和准确度分别为 5 9% ,5 7% ,5 7%。HCECG诊断冠心病的灵敏度、特异度和准确度分别为 79% ,5 0 % ,76 %。HCECG均显著高于常规 ECG（P<0 .0 1）。结论 :HCECG对冠心病的诊断价值明显高于常规 ECG。     

心得安食管心房超速负荷试验中QTd诊断冠心病的价值

目的 :观察患者食管心房超速负荷试验 （TRAS- ECG）及心得安食管心房超速负荷试验 （TRAS- Prop- ECG ）前后心电图校正 QT间期 （QTc）及 QT间期离散度 （QTd）的变化 ,以评价 TRAS- Prop- ECG诊断冠心病的价值。方法 :对 5 0例冠心病 （CHD）患者 （CHD组 ）及 30例正常者 （对照组 ）进行 TRAS- ECG和 TRAS- Prop- ECG试验 ,记录试验前后 12导联同步心电图 ,测量其 QTc及 QTd,根据分布曲线求出 QTc及 QTd的截断点。分别计算两种试验的敏感度、特异度及准确度。结果 :如以 QTd≥ 4 0 ms为截断点 ,以 TRAS- ECG诊断 CHD时 ,其敏感度、特异度及准确度分别为 76 %、6 7%、73% ;以 TRAS- Prop- ECG诊断 CHD时 ,其敏感度、特异度及准确度分别为 92 %、93%、93%。结论 :TRAS- Prop- ECG时 ,如以 QTd≥ 4 0 ms为截断点 ,可明显提高其诊断的敏感度、特异度及准确度。QTd≥ 4 0 ms可作为 TRAS- Prop- ECG诊断 CHD的一项重要参考指标。     

潘生丁负荷试验中QTd诊断冠心病的价值

目的 :观察冠心病患者潘生丁试验 （DP- ECG）及潘生丁食管心房调搏复合试验 （TRAS- DP- ECG）前、后心电图 ST段、校正 QT间期 （QTc）及 QT间期离散度 （QTd）的变化 ,以评价 TRAS- DP- ECG诊断冠心病的价值。方法 :对 5 0例冠心病 （CHD）患者 （CHD组 ）及 30例正常者 （对照组 ）进行 DP- ECG和 TRAS- DP- ECG,记录试验前后 12导联同步心电图 ,测量其 ST段 ,QTc及 QTd。根据分布曲线求出 QTc及 QTd的截断点。分别计算两种试验的敏感度、特异度及准确度。结果 :如以 QTd≥ 40 m s为截断点 ,以 DP- ECG诊断 CHD时 ,其敏感度、特异度、准确度分别为 76 % ,93% ,82 % ;以 TRAS- DP- ECG诊断 CHD时 ,其敏感度、特异度、准确度分别为 92 % ,93% ,92 %。结论 :TRAS- DP- ECG时 ,如以 QTd≥ 40 m s为截断点 ,可明显提高其诊断的敏感度及准确度而不影响其特异度。 QTd≥40 m s可作为 TRAS- DP- ECG时诊断 CHD的一项重要参考指标     

常规导联及头胸导联心电图与核素显像对急性下壁心肌梗死诊断的比较

目的：观察心电图与核素显像对急性下壁心肌梗死（AIMI）定位诊断的价值。方法：以90例冠状动脉造影的资料（其中AIMI患者50例,正常人40例）为标准,与同步记录的常规导联心电图,头胸导联心电图,和核素显像检测的结果进行比较。结果：对AIMI诊断,常规导联心电图的准确率为84.4%,敏感性为86.0%,特异性为82.5%;头胸导联心电图的诊断准确率为97.8%、敏感性为96.0%,特异性为100.0%;核素显像的诊断准确率为94.4%、敏感性为92.0%,特异性为97.5%。头胸导联心电图诊断AIMI的准确率、敏感性和和特异性均明显高于常规导联心电图（P〈0.05）,且高于核素显像但差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论：对于急性下壁心肌梗死的定位诊断头胸导联心电图准确率、敏感性和和特异性好于常规心电图,与核素显像无显著差异,但检测方便,有推广价值。     

复极离散指数与缺血性ST-T改变诊断冠心病价值的比较

目的 :比较复极离散指数 （RDI）和缺血性 ST- T改变对冠心病 （CHD）的诊断价值。方法 :以选择性冠状动脉造影 （CAG）为标准诊断法 ,以可疑 CHD患者 2 2 7例为研究对象 ,利用四格表法 ,计算真实性评价指标。结果 :1尤登指数 （YI）最大值为 0 .49,相应的 RDI=0 .40为截断点 ;2 RDI和缺血性 ST- T改变诊断 CHD的灵敏度、特异度及准确度分别为 :6 6 .7%对 6 8.3% （P>0 .0 5 ）、82 .2 %对 47.5 % （P<0 .0 1）及 73.6 %对 5 9.0 % （P<0 .0 1） ;3 RDI和缺血性 ST- T改变联合 （系列 ）实验的灵敏度为 6 4.4% ,特异度为 83.2 % ,准确度为 72 .7% .结论 :RDI诊断CHD灵敏度与缺血性 ST- T改变接近 ,但特异度高 .两者联合应用可减少误诊     

冠状动脉前降支闭塞致急性心肌梗死的心电图ST段偏移特点分析

目的探讨冠状动脉前降支(LAD)单支闭塞所致急性心肌梗死(AMI)的心电图(ECG)特点。方法回顾性分析51例LAD急性闭塞所致AMI患者心电图ST段改变与冠状动脉造影结果。结果 V_2导联ST段抬高<0.2 mV预测LAD远段闭塞敏感度为52.9%,特异度为88.2%,在胸导联ST段抬高的情况下,特异度增高(96.2%)。V_6导联ST段压低预测LAD近段闭塞敏感度为26.5%,特异度100%,在胸导联ST段抬高的情况下,V_1导联ST段抬高≥0.2 mV预测LAD近段闭塞敏感度53.8%,特异度88.9%。下壁导联Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF ST段压低预测LAD近段闭塞特异度较高,Ⅲ、aVF导联组合较Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联组合判断LAD近段闭塞特异度及阳性预测值高。结论 V_1导联ST段抬高、V_6导联ST段压低、下壁导联ST段压低有助于判断LAD近段闭塞,V_2导联ST段抬高<0.2 mV有助于判断LAD远段闭塞。     

头胸导联心电图对冠心病的诊断价值

头胸导联心电图对冠心病的诊断价值王国英李崇信刘伊丽杨南桥杨锦花（第一军医大学南方医院心内科广州５１０５１５）关键词冠状动脉疾病；心电描记术；头胸导联；Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ导联头胸导联由尹氏［１］１９８０年提出，它以独特的新导联体系、全方位病变定位能力已用于临...     

健康青年右胸头胸导联心电图和常规导联心电图对比分析

目的 :对比观察头胸导联心电图和常规导联心电图反映右室心电活动的差异。方法 :对 5 0例健康青年进行右胸头胸导联和常规导联 2种心电图的检查 ,并对 P波、QRS波、T波进行对比。结果 :右胸头胸导联心电图 P波、R波、直立 T波较常规导联对应的各波波幅明显增大。而前者的 Q波及部分 S波波幅较后者明显减小。右胸头胸导联心电图未见宽深 Q波和倒置 T波。结论 :头胸导联心电图较常规导联心电图更好地反映右室的心电活动     

胸痛症状及其联合辅助检查在冠心病诊断中的价值分析

目的探讨胸痛症状及其联合辅助检查在冠心病诊断中的价值。方法 9847例入院疑诊冠心病并行冠状动脉造影确诊或排除冠心病的患者,分为有胸痛组8156例和无胸痛组1672例,不能明确有无胸痛病例19例。将除冠状动脉造影外的相关辅助检查分别与胸痛症状构成不同诊断组合,比较不同组合诊断冠心病效率差异。并对冠心病患者不同人群在胸痛特征方面的差异及冠心病患者不同胸痛特征与冠脉病变程度的差异进行研究。结果 （1）冠心病发病率65.2%。胸痛症状联合CT冠状动脉成像诊断冠心病的阳性预测值、阴性预测值、符合度及约登指数均最高（分别为95.1%、43.6%、76.3%及0.560）。胸痛症状联合运动负荷心电图诊断冠心病的特异度及漏诊率均最高（分别为74.9%及89.8%）,灵敏度、误诊率、阳性预测值、符合度及约登指数均最低（分别为10.2%、25.1%、36.9%、6.0%及-0.149）。胸痛症状联合负荷核素心肌显像的灵敏度及误诊率均最高（分别为95.7%及98.4%）,特异度、漏诊率及阴性预测值均最低（分别为1.6%、4.3%及20.0%）。心电图4种组合中,胸痛症状联合运动负荷心电图诊断冠心病的特异度较高（74.9%）,胸痛症状联合除运动负荷心电图外其他心电图检查诊断冠心病的灵敏度均较高。（2）冠心病有胸痛组女性患者比例高于无胸痛组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。无胸痛组的吸烟史比例高于有胸痛组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。（3）胸痛组冠脉病变平均支数、三支病变比例及冠脉病变平均总积分均高于无胸痛组,三组差异无统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。结论 （1）负荷核素心肌显像检查是筛查的较好方案。运动负荷心电图检查及CT冠状动脉成像是确诊的较好方案。静息心电图、发作心电图及24h动态心电图是心电图检查中筛查的较好方案。（2）女性冠心病患者更多表现为有胸痛,有吸烟史的患者更多表现为无胸痛。（3）有胸痛患者冠脉病变程度较重。     

急性前壁心肌梗死时下壁导联ST段压低的意义

目的：探讨前壁急性心肌梗死（AMI）时心电图（ECG）下壁导联ST段压低的意义。方法：对59例前壁AMI病人（甲组29例伴下壁导联ST段压低、乙组30例不伴下壁导联ST段压低）的ECG及发病2个月内选择性冠状动脉造影和同位素心肌灌注显像检查结果对照分析。结果：①选择性冠状动脉造影显示冠状动脉病变（狭窄＞50．00％）支数在两组间的分布无显著差异（P＞0．05）;左心室造影两组均未见下壁运动明显减弱。②同位素心肌灌注显示甲组病人86．21％无下壁心肌缺血表现。③甲组ECGV1-3导联ST段抬高和的平均值明显高于乙组（P＜0．05）,ECG下壁导联ST段压低主要受V1-3导联ST段抬高程度的影响（r＝-0．528,P＜0．05）。结论：前壁AMI时ECG下壁导联ST段的压低可能是对前壁V1-3导联ST段抬高的镜影反映,而不提示伴有下壁心肌缺血。     

老年下壁异常q波患者头胸导联心电图表现及与冠状动脉病变的关系

目的 评价头胸导联心电图对老年患者常规心电图下壁导联异常q波的鉴别作用.方法 常规导联心电图Ⅲ、aVF导联同时存在异常q波老年患者55例,根据是否有急性心肌梗死病史分为陈旧心肌梗死组(心肌梗死组)和非陈旧性心肌梗死组(非心肌梗死组).患者均行冠状动脉CT血管成像(CTA)检查了解冠状动脉病变程度.对比常规心电图下壁导联Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF与之对应的头胸导联下壁左腋前线、前正中线旁、右腋前线导联的心电图,对各个导联q波的出现频率进行比较,并与冠状动脉CTA结果比较,计算各导联对于心肌梗死诊断的敏感和特异程度.结果 心肌梗死组患者22例(100%)右冠状动脉均见重度狭窄,非心肌梗死组10例(30.3%)轻度狭窄,23例(69.7%)中度狭窄.心肌梗死组头胸导联与常规心电图相对应部位的导联q波出现率差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).非心肌梗死组左腋前线、Ⅱ、右腋前线、Ⅲ、前正中线旁、aVF导联无q波而排除陈旧心肌梗死诊断的特异性分别为100%、97.0%(32/33)、97.0%(32/33)、15.2%(5/33)、100%、39.4%(13/33).结论 头胸导联q波改变与冠状动脉血管病变符合度较高,因此头胸导联对常规导联下壁的异常q波的临床意义有一定的鉴别作用.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the ability of further discriminating diagnosis of the headchest lead electrocardiogram (HCECG) in elderly patients with abnormal Q waves in routine lead electrocardiogram (RLECG) in inferior lead. Methods The 55 male patients, aged 65-88 years,with abnormal Q waves in both lead Ⅲ and aVF were selected and divided into two groups: myocardial infarction (MI) group and non-MI group, according to if the patient had a history of acute MI. All the patients accepted examination of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and ultrasound cardiogram, those with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and myocardial hypertrophy were excluded.The 30 individuals of control group had no abnormal Q waves in lead Ⅱ , Ⅲ and aVF. HCECG and RLECG were recorded simultaneously in respective groups and occurrence rate of Q waves in correlative leads Ⅱ, Ⅲ, aVF and HL3, H0, HR3 were matched and compared, sensitivity and specificity were compared in respective leads. Results There were serious stenosis in 22 patients (100%) in MI group, and there were mild stenosis in 10 (30. 3%) and moderate stenosis in 23 patients (69.7%) in non-MI group. There was no significant difference between HCECG and RLECG in occurrence rate of Q waves in MI group (P＞ 0. 05 ). Non-MI group left anterior axillary line, Ⅱ ,Ⅲ, right anterior axillary line, near the anterior midline, aVF without Q wave and exclusion of old MI diagnostic specificity were 100%, 97.0%(32/33), 97.0% (32/33), 15.2% (5/33), 100%, 39.4%( 13/33)respectively. Conclusions Pseudo-changes are rarely found in HCECG and there is a higher degree of conformity in HCECG with coronary lesions, therefore HCECG may be used to discriminate whether the inferior abnormal Q waves occurred in RLECG are truly abnormal or not.     

三种非创伤性检测手段对老年人冠心病心肌缺血的评价

目的:探讨核素心肌灌注显像、平板运动试验和Holter监测对老年患者冠心病(CHD)的诊断价值。方法:选择曾进行冠状动脉造影(CAG)、且于造影前后2个月内完成单光子发射计算机断层(SPECT)和平板运动试验(TET)的老年疑诊冠心病患者114例,其中部分患者完成Holter监测。对检测结果进行回顾性对比分析。结果:以冠状动脉造影结果作为金标准,114例中有89例诊断为冠心病,25例排除冠心病。冠心病诊断的敏感性和特异性:SRECT法分别为92.1％和60.0％,平板运动试验(以最大ST/HR≥2.2mV/次·min为阳性)分别为80.9％和80.0％,Holter监测为57.9％和71.4％。SPECT、TET法的敏感性好于Holter法(P<0.05),SPECT法的特异性较Holter法差(P<0.05)。以SPECT‘评分和TET的最大ST/HR斜率作为诊断指标,ROC曲线下面积无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:SPECT法和平板运动试验(最大ST/HR斜率)诊断老年人冠心病的价值优于Holter监测。     

Association of coronary heart disease with age-adjusted aortocoronary calcification in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia

OBJECTIVES: Existing algorithms of risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) do not pertain to patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH), whose arteries have been exposed to hypercholesterolaemia since birth. We studied a cohort of FH patients to compare four diagnostic models of CHD: traditional risk factors of CHD (age, sex, cholesterol, hypertension, smoking and body mass index), cholesterol year score, and aortic as well as coronary calcium measured by spiral computed tomography (CT). SUBJECTS: We invited 88 individuals with molecularly defined FH of whom 80 (91%) decided to participate. RESULTS: Analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the age-adjusted coronary calcium score was more strongly associated with clinical manifestations of CHD than were traditional risk factors (P < 0.002), cholesterol year score (P < 0.0001), and the age-adjusted aortic calcium score (P < 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Age-adjusted coronary calcium score shows promise as an indicator of CHD in FH patients.     

C反应蛋白水平对冠状动脉支架内再狭窄的预测价值

目的探讨血清C反应蛋白(CRP)与冠状动脉支架内再狭窄(ISR)发生的关系,旨在提高ISR患者临床检出率。方法选择2010年1月~2018年12月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院急诊危重症中心收治的冠心病首次PCI患者3100例,PCI术后1年复查冠状动脉造影发现ISR患者430例(ISR组),未发现ISR患者2670例(无ISR组),比较2组一般临床资料及实验室化验指标,分析ISR发生的相关因素及与CRP的关系。结果ISR组出院时及随访时CRP水平明显高于无ISR组[17.1(1.1,26.9)mg/L vs 12.9(0.9,23.5)mg/L,P=0.034;15.2(0.7,23.9)mg/L vs 3.9(0.2,7.9)mg/L,P=0.001]。逐步多元回归分析显示,ST段抬高型心肌梗死、出院时及随访时血清CRP水平是预测冠心病支架置入术后ISR的危险因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。随访时CRP的ROC曲线下面积为0.861(95%CI:0.815~0.907,P<0.01),截点值12.23 mg/L,敏感性80.5%,特异性77.9%;出院时CRP的ROC曲线下面积为0.637(95%CI:0.566~0.709,P<0.01)。结论冠状动脉ISR发生与出院时及随访时CRP水平密切相关,应用随访时CRP水平对ISR进行预测具有较高的敏感性和特异性。     

正常人肢体导联心电图与对应头胸导联心电图的比较

目的比较健康人常规12导联中的肢体导联心电图与相对应头胸导联正常心电图之间的差异。方法选择健康体检者同时记录常规心电图及头胸导联心电图,由两位资深的电生理医生分析,作出心电图无异常的诊断。而后以6个肢体导联（I、II、III和aVR、aVL、aVF）分别与头胸导联中对应的各两组导联（CL2、CL4、CL6和HV7、HV8、HV9及HR3、HO、HL3和AR3、HR7、AL3）,进行逐一配对的心电图比较。观察心电图P、QRS、T波的形态,计数各导联同一波形之假性改变者,作对应导联的卡方检验进行比较。结果在120例健康人正常心电图中,常规肢体导联中的III导联双相或倒置P波的出现率是31.6%、宽或深Q波的出现率是29.1%、低平或倒置T波的出现率是26.7%,而对应头胸导联的CL6或HV9导联上述假性改变的出现率均为零（0.0%）;aVR导联P波和T波倒置的出现率是100%,而对应头胸导联AR3倒置P、T波的出现率均为18.3%,HR3导联无假性改变;aVL导联T波倒置的出现率是23.3%,而HO和HR7导联无假性改变。正常心电图P-QRS-T波假性改变在两导联系统的出现率有统计学上的差异（均为P<0.01）。结论健康人的正常心电图,头胸导联波形假性改变出现率比常规肢体导联显著降低。     

Is it safe to perform cardiac catheterizations on adults with congenital heart disease in a pediatric catheterization laboratory?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the complication rate during the catheterization in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) in a pediatric catheterization laboratory (PCL). BACKGROUND: An increasing number of patients with CHD are surviving into adulthood, with diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterization being essential for the management of their disease. The complication rate during the catheterization of adults with CHD has not been reported. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on all adult patients (>18 years) with CHD who underwent diagnostic or interventional catheterization in our PCL within the past 8.5 years. RESULTS: A total of 576 procedures were performed on 436 adult patients (median age 26 years). Complex heart disease was present in 387/576 (67%) procedures. An isolated atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale was present in 115/576 (20%) procedures, and 51/576 (9%) procedures were performed on patients with structurally normal hearts with arrhythmias. Interventional catheterization was performed in 378/576 (66%) procedures. There were complications during 61/576 (10.6%) procedures; 19 were considered major and 42 minor. Major complications were death (1), ventricular fibrillation (1), hypotension requiring inotropes (7), atrial flutter (3), retroperitoneal hematoma, pneumothorax, hemothorax, aortic dissection, renal failure, myocardial ischemia and stent malposition (1 each). The most common minor complications were vascular entry site hematomas and hypotension not requiring inotropes. Procedures performed on patients > or = 45 years of age had a 19% occurrence of complications overall compared with 9% occurrence rate in patients of age < 45 years (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The complication rate during the catheterization of adults with CHD in a PCL is similar to the complication rate of children with CHD undergoing cardiac catheterization. The older subset of patients are more likely to encounter complications overall. The encountered complications could be handled effectively in the PCL. With screening in place, it is safe to perform cardiac catheterization on most adults with CHD in a PCL.     

活动平板试验联合动态心电图对老年女性冠心病的诊断价值

目的探讨活动平板试验（TET）联合24h动态心电图（Hoher）检查对老年女性冠心病的诊断价值。方法纳入年龄在60岁以上拟诊冠心病的老年女性患者232例,入选病例全部行冠状动脉造影（CAG）、TE’I吸Holter检查,以CAG结果作为金标准,对单独及联合TET、Hoher法诊断冠心病及不同冠脉病变支数冠心病的敏感度、特异性等指标进行比较。结果TET诊断老年女性冠心病的敏感度74．2％、特异性73．9％;Holter诊断老年女性冠心病的敏感度66．9％、特异性79．7％;两者联合时敏感度84．7％、特异性为82．6％。单项检查与联合法对诊断冠心病的敏感度间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。联合法对冠状动脉单支、双支、三支血管病变冠心病诊断的敏感度均高于各单项检查诊断冠心病的敏感度,但只有对单支冠脉病变冠心病诊断的敏感度与各单项检查问有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论TET联合Hoher检查可提高对老年女性冠心病的诊断敏感度。     

Comparison of echocardiography and 320-row multidetector computed tomography for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease in children

IntroductionEchocardiography (echo) is the primary non-invasive imaging modality for the assessment of congenital heart disease (CHD). Computed tomography angiography (CTA) also has potential to examine the anatomy of complex heart anomalies as well as extracardiac involvement.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to determine the impact of new CTA technology in the diagnosis of CHD and to compare echo and CTA in terms of diagnostic accuracy.MethodsForty-five patients who underwent preoperative echo and CTA assessment in the intensive care unit were included in this study. The results were assessed for three main types of CHD (cardiac malformations, cardiac-major vessel connections and major vessels). The main groups were also divided into subgroups according to surgical features in order to assess them more objectively. Imaging methods were compared for diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, while surgical findings were accepted as the gold standard.ResultsPatients’ median age and weight were two months (three days-eight years) and 12 kg (2.5-60 kg), respectively. In 45 operated cases, 205 subgroup malformations were assessed. Diagnostic accuracy was significantly greater in echo (echo vs. CTA: 98.4% and 96.2% [chi-square=6.4, p=0.011]). During surgery, 84 cardiac malformations (echo vs. CTA: 97.4% and 95.1% [chi-square=4.9, p=0.03]), 47 cardiac-major vessel connections (echo vs. CTA: 98.3% and 95.4% [chi-square=7.5, p=0.03]), and 74 major vessel malformations (echo vs. CTA: 96% and 98% [chi-square=1.8, p=0.48]) were confirmed.ConclusionEchocardiography and CTA are imaging methods with high diagnostic accuracy in children with CHD. The use of echocardiography together with CTA, especially for the visualization of extracardiac anatomy, provides additional information for clinicians.