舌根部甲状舌管囊肿的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨发生于舌根部的非典型甲状舌管囊肿的临床表现、诊断和治疗方法.方法 回顾分析4例发生于舌根部的甲状舌管囊肿患者的临床资料,手术采用支撑喉镜下激光切除术和颈外径路Sistrunk术.结果 咽部异物感、咽部阻塞感是发生于舌根的甲状舌管囊肿的主要临床表现;颈部超声和CT检查是明确诊断的主要检查方法.支撑喉镜下激光手术无一例外均导致囊肿复发,3例复发1次,1例复发3次,颈外径路Sistrunk术将囊肿完整切除.结论 发生于舌根的甲状舌管囊肿应常规行颈部超声和CT检查,以明确诊断;治疗首选颈外径路Sistrunk术式.     

发生于舌根的甲状腺舌管囊肿(附4例报告)

目的探讨发生于舌根的甲状腺舌管囊肿的临床表现、诊断和治疗方法.方法回顾分析发生于舌根的甲状腺舌管囊肿4例的临床资料.3例行颈外径路Sistrunks术式,1例于支撑喉镜下行口内切除囊肿,因复发反复手术4次.结果咽部异物不适感是发生于舌根的甲状舌管囊肿的主要临床表现;B超检查是主要检查方法.3例采用颈外径路Sistrunks术式切除甲状舌管囊肿,术后无复发,1例采用支撑喉镜下切除囊肿,因复发反复手术4次.结论发生于舌根的甲状舌管囊肿应常规行间接喉镜检查,治疗首选手术,采用颈外径路Sistrunks术式.     

甲状舌管囊肿术后复发的原因和处理

目的探讨甲状舌管囊肿术后复发的原因和预防、处理措施。方法回顾性分析10例甲状舌管囊肿术后复发患者的资料。10例复发甲状舌管囊肿行Sistrunk术式再次手术切除。结果误诊和不当的手术方法是复发的主要原因。10例患者再次手术后,随访1年以上,疗效满意,未见有复发病例。结论正确的术前诊断,规范的Sistrunk术式和良好的手术技巧才能保障彻底地切除甲状舌管囊肿。     

舌根部甲状舌管囊肿的诊断与治疗经验北大核心CSCD

目的探讨舌根部甲状舌管囊肿的影像学检查、临床表现、手术方式、并发症及术后疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年10月经郑州大学第一附属医院收治,通过手术确认的30例舌根部甲状舌管囊肿患者的临床资料。结果30例舌根部甲状舌管囊肿患者首次手术均为支撑喉镜下低温等离子切除术,共随访7.5~45.0(25.4)个月,25例未复发,2例失访,2例复发1次,1例复发2次,复发率为10.7%(3/28)。2例复发1次的患者,末次手术均行支撑喉镜下低温等离子切除术,1例复发2次患者末次手术行Sistrunk手术;3例复发患者均术后随访1年未见复发。28例患者术后均无咽瘘、声嘶。结论舌根部甲状舌管囊肿,尤其是首发患者且年龄较小,可首选支撑喉镜下低温等离子切除术,复发的舌根部甲状舌管囊肿可再次行支撑喉镜下低温等离子切除术,多次复发患者可考虑Sistrunk手术。     

扩大Sistrunk手术切除复发舌甲状舌管囊肿的临床分析

目的　分析舌甲状舌管囊肿（lingual thyroglossal duct cysts,LTGDC）的临床特征,探讨行扩大Sistrunk手术切除复发LTGDC的临床疗效。方法　回顾性分析2007年6 月～2018年1月在我科收治的15例LTDGC临床资料,男11例,女4例,年龄18～55岁。12例患者既往有1～3次不等的手术切除史,手术后2周～10个月间复发。手术均经颈前入路进入咽腔,采用扩大的Sistrunk术式切除囊肿。结果　术后咽瘘1例,经换药保守治疗愈合。1例行气管切开,出院前拔管。患者术后均无吞咽不适及言语异常。所有患者均随访2年以上无复发。结论　LTDGC临床误诊率高,经内镜下切除容易复发。采用颈前入路扩大Sistrunk术式切除LTGDC为首选术式,临床效果可靠。     

甲状舌管囊肿和瘘管术后复发的手术治疗

目的 探讨甲状舌管囊肿和瘘管术后复发再次手术的策略.方法 对2000-2006年收治的16例甲状舌管囊肿和瘘管术后复发患者进行回顾性分析.男10例,女6例.复发时间为术后6个月至4年,复发时年龄为12～35岁.对术中发现前次手术未切除舌骨中段者(10例),行常规Sistrunk术式手术切除;对前次手术切除舌骨中段者(6例),行扩大切除反复感染致与周围粘连组织,即扩大Sistrunk术式.结果 16例复发患者再次手术后,疗效满意.术后并发咽瘘和颈前血肿各1例,治疗后痊愈.随诊1～6年未见囊肿或瘘管复发.结论 合理应用常规Sistrunk术式与扩大Sistrunk术式是治疗甲状舌管囊肿复发病例的理想方法.     

成人甲状舌管囊肿误诊为会厌囊肿1例

甲状舌管囊肿为先天性甲状舌管闭合不全引起的疾病,多在青少年期发病。甲状舌管囊肿可发生在舌盲孔至胸骨上切迹之间颈中线的任何部位。检查时多见颈部皮下呈半圆形隆起,边缘清楚,随吞咽上下活动。甲状舌管囊肿若向会厌前间隙方向增大,而不伴有颈前部肿块患者常被误诊为会厌囊肿、舌根淋巴组织增生。齐岩等报道1例患者因被诊断为会厌囊肿而反复行支撑喉镜下囊肿切除手术,均于术后不久复发。笔者接诊1例成人甲状舌管囊肿患者,临床误诊为会厌囊肿,报道如下。     

甲状舌管癌的临床诊治并文献复习（附2例报告）

目的通过对甲状舌管癌患者的诊断和治疗,并复习相关文献,总结该病的临床特征和准确制定合理的治疗方案。方法报道2例甲状舌管癌患者的诊治过程,影像学特点及治疗方法。结果2例患者术前均被误诊为甲状舌管囊肿,常规行Sistrunk手术,术后病检1例为甲状舌管乳头状癌,另1例为甲状腺乳头状癌,结合术中所见最后诊断为甲状腺舌管乳头状癌,2例术后复查甲状腺功能均正常,复查甲状腺超声未见明显恶性肿瘤特征,均未行甲状腺手术治疗,1例未做任何其他补充治疗,随访8年无局部复发和转移,另1例行甲状腺素抑制治疗随访1年无复发。结论甲状腺舌管癌临床罕见,术前易误诊为甲状舌管囊肿,术前超声及增强CT有助于诊断,需病理确诊,手术方案的制定需综合考虑,病理分型决定其预后。     

甲状腺锥状叶内腺瘤误诊为甲状舌管囊肿1例

患者,女,32岁。因颈前正中无痛性肿物2年,以“甲状舌管囊肿”收入院。体检:颈前正中舌骨下方有一约2.0cm×2.0cm肿物,质地软,边界清楚,无触痛,可随吞咽上下移动,心肺检查正常。血常规、X线胸部透视正常。颈部B超示:肿物边界清楚,中央有液性暗区,甲状腺无肿大。术前诊断:甲状舌管囊肿。在局部浸润麻醉下行颈部肿物切除术,术中见肿物位于甲状软骨与舌骨之间一似腺体组织内(该组织上缘游离,与舌骨相邻但无关连,向下延伸至甲状腺峡部),肿物表面呈暗褐色,质地软,有完整包膜,完整切除肿物。剖开肿物发现一似甲状腺组织,囊内液暗褐色。探查甲状腺2…     

甲状舌管乳头状癌的诊治(附2例报告)

目的通过对2例甲状舌管乳头状癌的处理和结果的回顾,探讨甲状舌管癌的诊治方法。方法回顾分析了2例甲状舌管乳头状癌患者的临床诊治过程,并结合文献对甲状舌管癌病理、临床表现、诊断、治疗及预后等进行讨论。结果甲状舌管癌术前多误诊为甲状舌管囊肿,多通过术后病理报告确诊。1例患者行西斯特伦克(Sistrunk)手术+甲状腺全切除术+Ⅵ区清扫术,随访至今近4年,未复发。另1例患者行西斯特伦克(Sistrunk)手术+甲状腺次切除术+Ⅵ区清扫术,随访近1年,未复发。结论切除的标本应行常规病理检查,以防漏诊,甲状腺无明显肿块者,可不必行甲状腺全切术。甲状舌管乳头状癌预后良好,但需对患者作定期随访。     

Characteristics of lingual thyroglossal duct cysts under flexible laryngoscopy and treatment approaches

ObjectivesLingual thyroglossal duct cysts (LTGDCs) are clinically rare and easily misdiagnosed as epiglottic cysts. Misdiagnosis leads to mistreatment; thus,simple diagnosis is important. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of LTGDCs with flexible laryngoscopy and imaging, improve their diagnosis and explore surgical methods for patients undergoing an initial operation and patients with recurrence.MethodsIn total, 10 patients with LTGDCs were admitted from April 2014 to December 2020.By reviewing the diagnosis and treatment of the first typical case, the characteristics of LTGDC under flexible laryngoscopy were summarized. According to these characteristic manifestations, a clinical diagnosis of LTGDC was made correctly in the other 9 patients. All 10 patients underwent preoperative CT of the neck and sagittal reconstruction and thyroid ultrasound.ResultsOf the 10 patients, the first 2 patients had recurrent LTGDCs after several operations and underwent Sistrunk surgery. The remaining 8 patients were newly diagnosed and underwent endoscopic radical resection with low-temperature coblation; of these patients, 7 had no recurrence, and 1 underwent Sistrunk surgery after developing short-term recurrence. All patients were followed up for 5 months to 6 years after the last operation and were without recurrence.ConclusionLTGDCs are easily misdiagnosed as epiglottic cysts in the clinic. A correct clinical diagnosis can be made based on the characteristics according to flexible laryngoscopy. To determine the relationship between the cyst and hyoid bone, CT was performed. The surgical method was chosen based on the relationship between the cyst and hyoid bone and history of recurrence.     

Lingual thyroglossal duct cysts--a review

Objectives

Lingual thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDC) are rare and liable to be missed in a cursory clinical examination. This study aimed to report the details of lingual TGDC from the authors’ series and review existing literature on the entity.

Methods

A 12 year retrospective survey of all cases of thyroglossal duct anomalies managed at a tertiary teaching hospital was conducted to identify those with lingual TGDC. Their clinical presentation, investigations, diagnosis and management were analysed. Case series from anecdotal published English literature were critically reviewed with particular regard to diagnosis and management.

Results

Of 78 cases of thyroglossal duct anomalies, 3 were lingual TGDC. All were females. One neonate presented with feeding difficulty and was clinically misdiagnosed as a ranula. The two older children presented with a cyst at the foramen caecum. The varied imaging and diagnostic dilemma are presented. The older children had cysts abutting the hyoid and were managed with transoral excision and a Sistrunk procedure; the neonate was managed with transoral excision only. This report also reviews the sparse literature and discusses specific issues in their treatment. The differential diagnoses encompass a wide array of developmental and neoplastic entities. Specific anatomic imaging with USG/CT/MRI and functional evaluation with radionuclide thyroid scan are essential investigative modalities. Besides a classical Sistrunk procedure and simple transoral excision, newer less invasive treatment options including marsupialisation and alcohol ablation have been reported.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the diagnosis and management of lingual TGDC needs to be individualised depending on their presentation and anatomic location. The Sistrunk's procedure is ideal for those in close proximity to the hyoid; however complete cyst excision would suffice in the rest.     

“Extended” Sistrunk procedure in the treatment of recurrent thyroglossal duct cysts: A 10-year experience

Objective

We report a 10-year experience of children with recurrent thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) who have been treated using the “extended” Sistrunk procedure.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of TGDC surgery from 2004 to 2013. Sistrunk operation was the procedure of choice in all patients. Seven children had TGDC recurrence. All of them underwent “extended” Sistrunk procedure. Follow up ranged from 6 months to 8 years.

Results

There were no gender differences, all recurrences presented within 12 months follow-up in the same location of the primary cyst. Five out of 7 (71%) patients have been treated for preoperative and 2/7 (29%) for postoperative infection at the time of primary surgery. Pathological examination of the surgical specimens showed a single tract in 2 children (29%) and multiple tracts in 5 (71%). We did not observe postoperative complications or further recurrences.

Conclusion

Our experience suggest that recurrent TGDCs are equally common in both sexes, develop in the same location of the primary cyst and recur more commonly after perioperative infections. The “extended” Sistrunk procedure is highly effective and safe in treating recurrent TGDCs also if multiple duct tracts are detected.     

复发性甲状舌管囊肿(瘘管)的原因探讨和预防措施

目的：探讨甲状舌管囊肿（瘘管）术后复发的原因和提高手术疗效的措施。方法：对３２例甲状舌管囊肿（瘘管）病例（含８例术后复发者）,术前感染病例先行抗炎后再手术,准确判定甲状舌管囊肿与舌骨的关系,处理舌骨;术中衔注美蓝液入囊管内示踪,行Ｓｉｓｔｒｕｋ术式,分离小分支,以手术显微下失去示踪小支,手指接触诊疑为残存病灶处,行环形缝扎或电凝,射频等处理。结果：３２例均获成功,随访１年以上未见复发。结论：对甲状     

Carcinoma arising in thyroglossal remnants

Three patients with a papillary carcinoma arising in a thyroglossal duct cyst are presented and the literature is reviewed. This rare malignancy is seen mostly in women between the ages of 20 and 50 years. The distribution of carcinoma subtypes differs from that of thyroid carcinomas and thyroglossal duct carcinoma is recognized as a primary tumour. The diagnosis is seldom made pre-operatively though especially in older patients with midline swellings in the neck the diagnosis should be considered. Sistrunk's operation is the treatment of choice. In this operation the cyst, the middle part of the hyoid bone and the thyroglossal duct are removed in continuity.     

Thyroglossal duct remnant surgery: A reliable,reproducible approach to the suprahyoid region

BackgroundRecurrence of thyroglossal duct remnants remains a clinical problem despite the success of the Sistrunk procedure. Inadequate excision of disease in the suprahyoid region significantly impacts disease recurrence. The primary aim of this study is to describe and present the author's experience with a simple, reliable, and reproducible approach to the suprahyoid area in a Sistrunk procedure.MethodsA retrospective review of the surgical management of thyroglossal duct remnants by a single surgeon at the Children's Hospital Los Angeles over a 16-year period was performed. Demographic and clinical data including disease recurrence and other complications were collected. Recurrence rates before and after the consistent application of a modified Sistrunk procedure were compared.Results94 patients (54% female and 46% male; mean age 5.2 years) met the inclusion criteria for this study. Overall recurrence rate following a Sistrunk procedure was 2.2%; 11.1% prior to 2004 and 0% after 2004, following consistent implementation of the surgical approach to the suprahyoid region as detailed in this study. Complications were minor and mean follow-up was 5.4 months.ConclusionsThe author has described a simple, reproducible, and reliable approach to the suprahyoid area in a Sistrunk procedure that limits incomplete excision with minimal risk for complications. This approach to the suprahyoid region should be considered for routine use in the management of both primary and revision thyroglossal duct remnants.     

Obstructive lingual tonsil hypertrophy in recurrent thyroglossal duct cyst

The association between recurrent thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) and obstructive lingual tonsil hypertrophy has not previously been discussed. We present the case of a 7-year-old child whose medical and surgical course was complicated by these synchronous factors. The aim of this report is to present the risk factors for recurrence of TGDC and the unique challenge that concurrent lingual tonsil hypertrophy and airway obstruction present to management of patients.     

Tracheal injury complicating Sistrunk's thyroglossal cyst surgery

IntroductionAirway injury is a very rare complication of thyroglossal duct cyst surgery in children. The wound is most frequently located at the larynx, due to a confusion between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage.ObservationThis is the first report of a tracheal injury complicating Sistrunk's procedure in a 3 year old child, revealed by respiratory distress. Conservative treatment was suggested, requiring a tracheostomy lasting 49 days, leading to decanulation and complete anatomical and functional recovery.ConclusionThis report highlights the specificity of pediatric laryngotracheal anatomy.     

Outcome of thyroglossal duct cyst excision is independent of presenting age or symptomatology

BACKGROUND: Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) are the most common form of congenital neck cyst, accounting for up to 70% of such lesions. There has been no consensus on which factors predict outcome of thyroglossal duct cyst excision. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the relevance of symptomatology and age at presentation with outcome of TGDCs. METHODS: Retrospective review of patients with TGDC at a tertiary care children's hospital. Data collected included patient's age, gender, clinical presentation, presence or absence of preoperative infection, imaging modality, type of procedure performed, size and location of the lesion, postoperative infection, complications, and recurrence of disease. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients were identified (59% female, 41% male). Age of presentation was bimodal and ranged from 18 months to 14 years. The most common presenting symptom was the presence of an asymptomatic midline neck mass (76%). A history of preoperative TGDC infection was present in 22% of patients /=5 years of age. Recurrence rate after the Sistrunk procedure was 3.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of a midline neck mass is the most common presentation of TGDCs in toddlers, whereas infection is the most common presenting symptoms in school-aged children. The incidence of preoperative infection was 41% in our series, much higher than previously reported. Independent of presenting age and symptomatology, recurrence of TGDC remains low when the Sistrunk procedure is employed.