内镜下经鼻泪囊鼻腔吻合联合泪道引流支架植入术治疗慢性泪囊炎

目的 探讨内镜下经鼻泪囊鼻腔吻合联合泪道引流支架植入术治疗慢性泪囊炎临床疗效.方法 回顾性病例研究.84例(86眼)慢性及复发性泪囊炎患者,行鼻内窥镜下经鼻泪囊鼻腔吻合联合泪道引流支架植入术.结果 术后随访3～12个月,治愈70眼(81.40％),好转10眼(11.63％),无效6眼(6.98％),总有效率为93.02％(80/86).结论 鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合联合泪道引流支架植入术应用于治疗慢性泪囊炎治愈率高,面部无瘢痕,术中放置合适的扩张管支撑可有效防止造孔口闭锁和扩张泪道作用,提高了手术成功率.     

泪囊鼻腔吻合术方法的改进与临床观察

目的 探讨慢性泪囊炎行泪囊鼻腔吻合手术方法的改进与临床观察。方法 吻合泪囊与鼻黏膜后唇，鼻黏膜前唇孔形切除，泪囊前唇缝于对侧皮下及骨膜。余同一般方法。结果 20例术后全部泪道冲洗通畅。随访1年无阻塞。结论 此术式效果较好，方法可行。     

小泪囊慢性泪囊炎泪囊鼻腔吻合术疗效观察

目的观察泪囊鼻腔吻合术对小泪囊慢性泪囊炎的治疗效果。方法对术前经泪道冲洗和造影检查证实泪囊体积小的慢性泪囊炎患者47例53眼施行泪囊鼻腔吻合手术,观察术后疗效。结果47例53眼术后泪道畅通,治愈率100%。结论泪囊鼻腔吻合术是治疗小泪囊慢性泪囊炎的理想术式,小泪囊是泪囊鼻腔吻合术的适应症。     

泪小点引流联合泪道激光置管治疗急性泪囊炎并发脓肿

目的：：观察泪小点引流联合Nd：YAG泪道激光成形加泪道再通管置入术治疗急性泪囊炎并发泪囊脓肿的疗效。方法：对2011-12/2014-12在本院眼科就诊的28例急性泪囊炎并发脓肿患者行泪小点引流联合Nd：YAG泪道激光成形加泪道再通管置入术,置管6 mo后拔管后再随访6mo,观察流泪、流脓、脓肿消退、泪道通畅等情况及有无并发症发生。结果：各种急性泪囊炎并发脓肿患者在带管6 mo内,脓肿均消退,溢泪消失或改善,泪道冲洗畅。拔管后随访6mo,治愈13眼,好转7眼,总有效率为71%,无效8眼(29%)。结论：泪小点引流联合Nd：YAG泪道激光成形加泪道再通管置入术是一种有效的急性泪囊炎并发泪囊脓肿的治疗方法,但复发率高,可再次手术。     

小切口鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术联合泪囊支架治疗特殊类型泪囊炎两例

泪囊炎彻底治愈必须依靠手术,其中急性泪囊炎是急症,特别是高龄急性泪囊炎患者,手术治疗被认为是禁忌;同时对于合并鼻腔肿瘤的泪囊炎患者,由于鼻腔组织化疗放疗后结构的改变及肿瘤扩散的风险,手术也需慎重进行。总结我院2012年1月至3月高龄急性泪囊炎和鼻腔淋巴瘤合并慢性泪囊炎患者各1例,采用小切口鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术（nasalendoscopicdacryocystorhinostomy,NES—DCR）联合泪囊支架置入术治疗,取得良好的疗效,现报告如下：     

自制新型引流支架在泪囊鼻腔吻合术中的应用

目的:鼻内窥镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术(endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy,EES-DCR)中在造瘘口放置自制新型泪囊鼻腔引流支架,并将鼻腔黏膜移植贴附于造瘘口前壁创面上,观察这种改进的可行性及有效性。方法:选取连续的单纯性慢性泪囊炎患者30例,行EES-DCR术,手术方式在传统的手术方法上主要进行以下改进:造瘘口做好后,剪除大部分造瘘口后方所作鼻黏膜瓣,在造瘘口中放置自制硅胶材料的泪囊鼻腔引流支架,将剪下的黏膜贴附在造瘘口前壁和支架间,手术后定期冲洗泪道并用鼻腔内窥镜检查造瘘口情况,包括移植鼻黏膜存活情况,泪囊鼻腔引流支架的位置,吻合口是否通畅,周围组织上皮化等,术后1mo拔出吻合口泪囊鼻腔引流支架,随访3～6mo。结果:患者30例手术均顺利完成,手术时间18～55(平均32.3±8.7)min,术后所有患者移植的鼻黏膜均存活,创面恢复平整,造瘘口均通畅,没有肉芽组织过渡增生阻塞造瘘口以及引流支架移位、嵌顿等并发症。结论:造瘘口内自制硅凝胶泪囊鼻腔引流支架留置联合鼻黏膜瓣前壁移植贴附不但提高EES-DCR的手术成功率,而且减少了术后护理,是一种简单易行、疗效确切、安全高效的鼻内窥镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合的新方法。     

甲基纤维素在泪囊鼻腔吻合术中的应用

目的通过对慢性泪囊炎患者施行泪囊鼻腔吻合术，手术中在制作泪囊鼻黏膜瓣前应用甲基纤维素，评价其在提高泪囊鼻腔吻合术成功率的作用。方法33例（35眼）慢性泪囊炎患者男6例，女27例，年龄27—56岁。由同一经验丰富的医生施行泪囊鼻腔吻合术，手术中在制作泪囊鼻黏膜瓣前自泪小管向泪囊内注入甲基纤维素，使泪囊膨起，内外侧壁分离，在泪囊、鼻黏膜上做“工”字形黏膜瓣，并对端吻合。结果在术后5天、10天用无菌生理盐水充分冲洗泪道，泪道通畅，随访6个月～1年，手术均获得成功。无术中、术后并发症发生。结论甲基纤维素黏度高、弹性好，在泪囊鼻腔吻合术中制作泪囊黏膜瓣前，将甲基纤维素注入泪囊内，泪囊充盈，使泪囊黏膜瓣的制作更准确、完善，提高了手术成功率。     

泪囊鼻腔吻合术和鼻泪道置管术的对比观察

目的 探讨泪囊鼻腔吻合手术与鼻泪道置管手术治疗慢性泪囊炎的术前方式选择、手术方法的改进和手术疗效的对比。方法 采用改进的泪囊鼻腔吻合手术和鼻泪道置管手术，治疗慢性泪囊炎435例435眼均为单眼手术。术后随访12月，对比观察两种手术的疗效。结果 泪囊鼻腔吻合手术285例，治愈280例，治愈率98．2％；鼻泪道置管术150例，治愈103例，治愈率68．7％。结论 手术前泪道检查，判断泪囊的大小，对于选择何种手术方式非常重要；泪囊鼻腔吻合术为治疗慢性泪囊炎的首选术式；掌握一定的手术技巧、精细操作和术后泪道冲洗是手术成功的关键。     

鼻腔泪囊吻合联合泪小管置管治疗伴有泪小管阻塞的泪囊炎

目的：探讨伴有泪小管阻塞的泪囊炎患者经鼻内镜鼻腔泪囊吻合术联合泪小管置管术的手术疗效。 方法：伴有泪小管阻塞的泪囊炎患者27例,给予经鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术联合泪小管置管,泪小管阻塞采用泪道内窥镜下激光泪道探通术,环形置管。 结果：患者27例均顺利完成手术,均未见手术并发症。所有患者术后均定期随访6mo,治愈25例,有效2例,无效0例。治愈率为93%。 结论：鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合联合泪小管置管治疗泪囊炎合并泪小管阻塞具有视野清晰,创伤小,恢复快,远期疗效确切,避免分次手术等优点,值得广泛推广。     

鼻腔泪囊单瓣吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎

目的 探讨鼻腔泪囊单瓣吻合术治疗慢性沼囊炎。方法 回顾345例慢性泪囊炎采用鼻腔泪囊前唇单瓣粘膜吻合术，观察术后泪道通畅情况。结果 术后小道完全畅通328例(95．07％)，不完全通畅14例(4．06％)，不通3例(0．87％)。结论 鼻腔泪囊单瓣吻合术是基层医院治疗慢性泪囊炎的理想手术。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.