电离辐和创伤难愈

电离辐射损伤在平战时均可发生。合并电离辐射时组织修复明显延缓 ,创伤愈合延迟[1 ] ,可出现创伤难愈现象。创伤愈合过程大致可分为 3个相互区分而又联系的阶段 :①炎症反应期 ,创伤后发生的炎症反应可以溶解、清除坏死组织 ,并可抵抗外源性病原体入侵 ;②增殖期或肉芽组织形成期 ,成纤维细胞和血管内皮细胞等组织修复细胞迁移、增殖 ,形成肉芽组织 ,以修复组织缺损 ;③组织改建期 ,包括多种细胞外基质沉积、降解和重塑等过程。因此 ,创伤愈合是由多种细胞、细胞因子和细胞外基质协同作用的网络调控过程。电离辐射可以影响该过程中的多个环…     

电离辐射和创伤难愈

电离辐射损伤在平战时均可发生。合并电离辐射时组织修复明显延缓,创伤愈合延迟1,可出现创伤难愈现象。创伤愈合过程大致可分为3个相互区分而又联系的阶段：①炎症反应期,创伤后发生的炎症反应可以溶解、清除坏死组织,并可抵抗外源性病原体入侵；②增殖期或肉芽组织形成期,成纤维细胞和血管内皮细胞等组织修复细胞迁移、增殖,形成肉芽组织,以修复组织缺损；③组织改建期,包括多种细胞外基质沉积、降解和重塑等过程。因此,创伤愈合是由多种细胞、细胞因子和细胞外基质协同作用的网络调控过程。电离辐射可以影响该过程中的多个环节。     

Smad3与创伤愈合

创伤愈合是一个非常复杂的过程，包括止血、炎性反应、新生组织形成及组织重塑等一系列病理生理过程。从细胞水平上看，创伤愈合是修复细胞增殖的过程，细胞周期加快，凋亡下降；从分子水平上看，在创伤愈合过程中有许多细胞参与，每种细胞又分泌多种细胞因子，这些细胞之间、细胞因子之间、细胞和因子之间相互作用形成复杂网络。除细胞周期、凋亡外、炎症反应、细胞分化及迁移、胶原合成等都影响伤口的愈合。     

骨髓基质细胞及其辐射残留损伤

骨髓微环境特别是基质细胞对骨髓的造血起着重要的调控和支持作用。基质细胞与细胞外基质协同作用,并通过分泌众多细胞因子和表达多种粘附因子形成了一个调控造血细胞增殖和分化的网络体系。基质细胞以其较大的辐射抗性对造血系统辐射残留损伤的恢复发挥重要的作用。     

骨髓基质细胞及其辐射残留损伤

骨髓微环境特别是基质细胞对骨髓的造血起着重要的调控和支持作用。基质细胞与细胞外基质协同作用,并通过分泌众多细胞因子和表达多种粘附因子形成了一个调控造血细胞增殖和分化的网络体系。基质细胞以其较大的辐射抗性对造血系统辐射残留损伤的恢复发挥重要的作用。     

外周血纤维细胞参与皮肤创面修复的研究进展

皮肤创面愈合是一个复杂而有序的生物学过程,涉及修复细胞、细胞外基质、细胞因子与生长因子等多方面因素在时空调控下的多环节相互作用.成纤维细胞作为组织中的主要修复细胞,通过合成并分泌细胞外基质、细胞因子、生长因子、蛋白酶,以及转化为能收缩创面的肌成纤维细胞等多种方式在创面修复中发挥重要作用,因而一直是创面修复研究领域中的热点.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)与创伤愈合

创伤愈合是一复杂生物学过程，通常认为是由进入伤口的成纤维细胞增殖、分化和合成分泌，细胞外基质的纤维化，新生血管长入伤口的血管化和表皮细胞增生覆盖创面的再上皮化等综合作用的结果，而在愈合过程中产生的生长因子，包括bFGF，大多对皮肤伤口的纤维化、血管和再上皮化有介导和调控作用，可促进愈合。现将bFGF与创伤愈合的关系简要介绍如下：     

胚胎皮肤无瘢痕愈合机制研究进展

创伤后的愈合方式是创伤愈合过程中的重要环节,胎儿皮肤创伤后的无瘢痕愈合是人们追求的理想愈合模式。胎儿的无瘢痕愈合与其生长环境、创伤的炎症反应、纤维母细胞及细胞外基质、以及众多细胞因子的调节等有密切的关系。笔者对近年来关于胚胎皮肤无瘢痕愈合的可能相关机制研究进行综述如下。     

感觉神经肽SP在伤口愈合细胞因子网络调控中的作用

P物质（SP）是介导机体创伤愈合神经调控的一种重要的感觉神经肽，对创伤愈合具有重要的作用，它通过促进创伤后的炎症反应、修复细胞的增殖和组织重建，从而作用于创伤愈合的各个环节。在这一过程中，SP与参与创伤愈合的细胞因子网络之间存在着复杂的交互作用。本文综述近年来在这方面的研究进展。     

基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂与类风湿性关节炎的研究进展

基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)几乎可以降解除多糖以外的全部细胞外基质,与金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂(TIMP)组成细胞外基质代谢平衡调节中的2个重要酶系。MMP分为3类,可水解各类胶原及基质糖蛋白、蛋白多糖等成分。TIMP也有3种,均能与MMP成员结合成复合物而抑制其活性。2大酶系在类风湿性关节炎、器官硬化等多种病理过程中起到十分重要的作用。研究表明类风湿性关节炎(Rheumatoid Arthritis RA)发病机制与感染、遗传、内分泌等因素有关,众多细胞因子参与其发病。MMP、TIMP在组织塑型、细胞外基质逆转、伤口修复过程中起重要作用,是近年来RA研究的热点之一。     

巨噬细胞与创伤修复

创伤修复分3个阶段：炎症期、增生期和重建期。在这个过程中,巨噬细胞一方面能吞噬并清除外源性异物和坏死细胞,另一方面能通过释放各种细胞因子调节创伤修复。创伤后,巨噬细胞功能的改变将会影响创面修复。因此,笔者就巨噬细胞在创伤修复中的重要作用作以下综述。     

Investigation of wound healing potential of photo-active curcumin-ZnO-nanoconjugates in excisional wound model

Wound healing, being a dynamic process consisting of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, involves the complicated interplay of various growth mediators and the cells associated repair system. Current wound healing therapies usually fail to completely regain skin integrity and functionality. Traditionally, curcumin is considered a potent natural wound healing agent as it possesses antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is also known that zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have photocatalytic properties, including the generation of reactive oxygen species. ZnO nanoaprticles are also Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved as safe substances. While ZnO oxide requires illumination with ultraviolet light to become photocatalytically active, dye-sensitized ZnO can be activated by illumination with visible light. In the present study, we explored the wound healing potential of ZnO nanoparticles sensitized with curcumin (Cu+ZnO Nps) and illuminated with visible (blue) light generated by an array of high power LEDs. We studied the antibacterial effect of our conjugates by percentage reduction in bacterial growth and biofilm formation. The wound healing potential was analyzed by percentage wound contraction, biochemical parameters, and histopathological analysis of the wounded site. Additionally, angiogenesis and wound associated cytokines was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of CD31 and gene expression analysis of IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP-9 after 16 days of post-wound treatment, respectively. Our study suggests that the therapeutic effect of Cu+ZnO NPs with LED illumination increases its wound healing potential by producing an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, the treatment strategy of using a nano formulation in combination with LED illumination further increases its efficacy. It was concluded that the anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effects of the LED illuminated Cu+ZnO Np showed accelerated wound healing with increased wound contraction, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization.     

Simultaneous detection of eight cytokines in human dermal wounds with a multiplex bead-based immunoassay for wound age estimation

We performed quantification of IL 2, IL 4, IL 6, IL 8, IL 10, GM-CSF, IFN γ, and TNF α in human dermal wounds for wound age estimation. The proliferation of dermal cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells were also analyzed. Neutrophils and macrophages were detected from 2 h post-injury, and strong infiltrations were seen at 33–49 h. T and B lymphocytes also infiltrated simultaneously from 71 h. Strong proliferation of fibroblasts were shown from 246 h, and thickening of the epidermis from 71 h. IL 10, GM-CSF, IFNγ, and TNF α increased from the early phase of dermal wound healing, IL 6 exclusively in the middle phase, IL 2, IL 4, and IL 8 from the middle phase to the late phase. Among the cytokines analyzed in the present study, IL 6, IL 8, IFNγ, and TNF α were strongly expressed. Results of the present study suggest that multiplex cytokine analysis at the wound site can be useful for wound age estimation. In addition, multiplex data obtained from the same sample with a single method would demonstrate more accurate interactions of cytokines during dermal wound healing. Although the present study was oriented to practical forensic pathology, the data obtained would be informative for various fields of medicine.     

促黑素受体在皮肤创伤愈合过程中的表达定位

目的：观察皮肤创面愈合过程中促黑素受体（ MC1R）是否表达于创面皮肤以及动态变化过程。方法制作大鼠皮肤创面,分别使用HE染色和免疫组织化学方法观察皮肤创伤后1、3、5、7、14、21d皮肤创面愈合过程中MC1R的表达定位变化。结果在创面愈合过程中MC1R表达于创面周围炎性细胞、新生成基底层细胞,且阳性细胞向创面中心聚集。结论创面愈合过程中MC1R的时空表达特性提示MC1R参与创面愈合且与配体结合后可能对创面愈合炎症反应有调控作用。     

基因治疗在创面愈合中的应用

伤口愈合是一系列代谢和复杂分子间相互作用的过程，在细胞增殖、迁移和分化中生长因子充当了重要角色，被用于临床创面修复的治疗。然而，大多数生长因子不能有效地传递到靶细胞、发挥明显的促创面愈合的作用。随着基因传递技术的发展和对人类基因组认识的提高，创面愈合的基因治疗已经取得飞速的发展。基因治疗在伤口病理性愈合过程中将发挥积极有效的作用。     

Timing of skin wounds

Wound examination is indispensable in forensic practice. It is always necessary to determine wound vitality or wound age to correctly evaluate the relationship between death and any wounds. Thus, the determination of wound vitality or wound age is a classic but still modern theme in forensic pathology. Skin wound healing is a primitive but well orchestrated biological phenomena consisting of three sequential phases, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. Many biological substances are involved in the process of wound repair, and this short and simplified overview of wound healing can be adopted to determine wound vitality or wound age in forensic medicine. With the development of immunohistochemistry and chemical analyses, the scientific field of wound age determination has advanced progressively during recent years. In particular, it has been demonstrated that collagens, cytokines, and growth factors are useful candidates and markers for the determination of wound vitality or age. In this review article, some interesting and instructive results are presented, contributing to the future practice of every forensic pathologist.     

AGEs-RAGE信号通路与糖尿病难愈合创面

糖尿病难愈合创面是糖尿病比较严重的并发症和致残原因,故国内外学者对它的研究越来越多。创面愈合是炎性细胞、修复细胞及细胞因子等多种因素共同调控的复杂过程,其中晚期糖基化终末产物(Advanced Glycationend Products,AGEs)及其受体协同的AGEs-RAGE信号通路是目前研究的热点,本文就其进行概述。     

脂肪干细胞的生物学特性及其治疗皮肤老化的研究进展

皮肤老化主要是由于胶原合成以及血管生成减少所致,包括皮肤结构和生理功能的改变,是由多种因素共同作用而导致的皮肤衰老现象。脂肪干细胞具有多向分化潜能,其分泌的多种细胞因子对血管生成、血运重建、免疫调节、伤口愈合和组织再生有显著的效果,已成为美容皮肤科领域研究的热点,并在治疗皮肤光老化方面也取得了初步的临床效果。